MATERI BIOLOGI SEL

I MADE BUDIARSA. SEPT, 2011

DR. I Made Budiarsa, M.Si
Dra. Nurlina, M.Si

MATERI KULIAH BIOLOGI SEL

Why Study Cell Biology?

The key to every

biological problem must
finally be sought in the
cell, for every living
organism is, or at some
time has been, a cell.
E.B. Wilson, 1925
The average human being is
composed of around 100 Trillion
individual cells

WOW!!!
 Living organisms:
– are composed of cells

– are complex and ordered

– respond to their environment

– can grow and reproduce

– obtain and use energy

– maintain internal balance

– allow for evolutionary adaptation

5
What jobs do cells have to do?
make proteins
proteins control every
cell function
make energy
for daily life
for growth
make more cells
growth
repair
renewal
Cellular Organization
cells
organelles
molecules

atoms

The cell is the

basic unit of life.

7
Organismal Level
organism
organ systems
organs

tissues

8
The 3 Basic Components of the Cell Theory were now
complete :
1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
(Schleiden & Schwann)(1838-39)
2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things. (Schleiden
& Schwann)(1838-39)
3. All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells.
(Virchow)(1858)
Modern Cell Theory contains 4 statements, in addition to
the original Cell Theory :

1. The cell contains hereditary information(DNA) which is

passed on from cell to cell during cell division.
2. All cells are basically the same in chemical
composition and metabolic activities.
3. All basic chemical & physiological functions are
carried out inside the cells.(movement, digestion,etc)
4. Cell activity depends on the activities of sub-cellular
structures within the cell(organelles, nucleus, plasma
membrane)
Semua organisme hidup terdiri dari sel yang memiliki
struktur kimia serupa dan bekerja dengan prinsip
kerja yang sama
1. Mengasimilasikan bahan makanan dan mengubah ke
bahan bahan selular.
2. Berespirasi
3. Sel bereaksi terhadap rangsangan
4. Bereproduksi
5. Komplek dan teratur
6. Memiliki program genetik dan cara penggunaan
Sel dapat memberi respon terhadap stimulus :
a. Reseptor hormon
b. Reseptor matriks ekstraseluler
c. Reseptor tumbuh dan lain-lain
SEL PROKARIOT
DAN
SEL EUKARIOT
 Prokaryote
Types of cells bacteria cells
no organelles

organelles

Eukaryote Eukaryote
animal cells plant cells
 SEL PROKARIOT

1. Sel tanpa inti (pro sebelum dan

karyon : inti)
2. Umumnya membran plasma
dilengkapi dengan dinding sel/
kapsul.
3. Material DNA membentuk
nucleoid
4. Tidak memiliki organel, inti
a. Eubakteri - Bakteri
b. Archea
 Membran Plasma
1. Sintesis dinding sel, kapsul,
mgd enzim respirasi.
2. Fosfolipid : hidrofilik dan
hidrofobik
3. Invaginasi : mesosom
(bakteri gram positif)
berfungsi dalam mengatur
replikasi DNA serupa dgn
fungsi sentriol pd eukariot.
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Animal and Plant Cells Have More
Similarities Than Differences
 Comparison of Procaryotic and Eucaryotic Organisms
Procaryotes Eucaryotes
Organisms archaea, bacteria protists, fungi, plants, animals
Cell linear dim. 1-10 m 10-100 m
Metabolism anaerobic or aerobic aerobic or anaerobic
nucleus, chloroplasts,
Organelles no mitochondria, endoplasmic
reticulum, etc.
DNA circular, in cytoplasm very long linear molecules
bounded by nuclear envelope
RNA and protein RNA and protein synthesized RNA synthesized in nucleus;
in same compartment protein, in cytoplasm
Cytoplasm no cytoskeleton: cytoskeleton composed of protein
no cytoplasmic streaming, no filaments; cytoplasmic streaming;
endocytosis, no exocytosis endocytosis and exocytosis
Cell division chromosomes pulled apart by chromosomes pulled apart by
attachment to plasma membrane cytoskeletal spindle apparatus
Cellular mainly unicellular mainly multicellular, with
organization differentiation of many cell types
29
Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd Ed.
Differences between Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells

Feature Prokaryote Eukaryote

Size Small about 0.5 micrometers Up to 40 micrometers

Genetic Circular DNA (in DNA in form of linear

material cytoplasm) chromosomes ( in nucleus)

Many organelles:
•Double membranes e.g.:
Few present, none membrane
Organelles bound
nucleus, mitochondria &
chloroplasts
•Single membrane e.g.: GA, ER
& lysosomes
•Fungi: rigid, formed from
Rigid formed from polysaccharide, chitin.
Cell walls glycoproteins (mainly •Plant: rigid, formed from
murein) polysaccharides. E.g.: cellulose.
•Animals no cell wall

Ribosome’s 70s 80s

Us vs. Them -
Eukaryotes and
Prokaryotes
Melindungi inti sel dan sitoplasma

Membungkus organel

Transportasi

Komunikasi dan interaksi antar sel

Perbedaan : jumlah dan jenis lipid, protein

dan karbohidrat