A Technical Seminar (TS) report

On

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
Submitted

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

By
VALLURIPALLY MOUNIKA
21311A04FF

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

Dr. Rekha Anbalagan

&

Dr.T. Sawpna

Assistant Professor, E.C.E Department

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SREENIDHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

(AUTONOMOUS)

Yamnampet, Ghatkesar, R.R District, Hyderabad – 501301(Affiliated to JNT University Hyderabad,

Hyderabad and Approved by AICTE - New Delhi)

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 CERTIFICATE

Date: 2/8/2022

This is to certify that the Technical Seminar (TS) report entitled "WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION" being submitted by VALLURIPALLY MOUNIKA- 18315A0435 in partial
fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Technology degree in Electronics & Communications
Engineering to Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Yamnampet, Ghatkesar [Telangana], is a
report of review work carried out by her during academic year 2021-2022 under our guidance and
supervision.

Dr.RekhaAnbalaganDr. S. P. V. Subba Rao

Dr.T. Swapna
Coordinator (TS) Head of Department

Assistant professor Professor

ECE department ECE Department

II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I hereby declare that the work described in the Technical seminar, entitled “WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION” which is being submitted by us in partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor
of Technology in the Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Sreenidhi Institute Of
Science & Technology affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad,Kukatpally,
Hyderabad (Telangana) is the work on our own effort and has not been submitted elsewhere.

We are very thankful to Ms. Rekha Anbalagan, Assistant professor,ECE Department.,

Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Ghatkesar for providing an initiative to this technical
seminor and giving valuable timely suggestions over the work.

We convey our sincere thanks to Dr. S.P.V. Subba Rao,Head of the Department (ECE),
Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Ghatkesar, for his kind cooperation in the completion of
this work.

We even convey our sincere thanks to Director and Principal, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and
Technology, Ghatkesar for their kind cooperation in the completion of the technical seminar.

Finally we extend our sense of gratitude to all our friends, teaching and non-teaching faculty,
who directly or indirectly helped us in this endeavour.

Place: Hyderabad

Signature

Name of the Candidate: VALLURIPALLY MOUNIKA

Roll No: 21311A04FF

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CONTENTS

Topic Page no.

Abstract

1.Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………… 1

2.Literature Review………………………………………………………………………. 2

2.1 Wired Network

2.2 Wireless Network

3.Block Diagram…………………………………………………………………………….2-4

3.1 Explanation

4.Wireless Channels……………………………………………………………………….5

5.Advantages…………………………………………………………………………………6

6. Disadvantages…………………………………………………………………………….6

7.Applications………………………………………………………………………………..7

8.Future Scope……………………………………………………………………………….7

9.Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………..7

10.Reference………………………………………………………………………………….8

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 ABSTRACT

Wireless communication is the transfer of information between two or more points that do not use an
electrical conductor as a medium for the transfers. Future wireless networks will support 100 Gbps
communication between people, devices, and the “Internet of Things,” with high reliability and uniform
coverage indoors and out. Compare to wired communication wireless communication is more effective
because by this way of communication we can transfer the information for the long distances.

Wireless communication in the industrial process control systems. This new communication technology
is growing fast in the adoption, and hence various basics and engineering aspects are dealt for better
implementation. The basics of the wireless communication and different types of antennas and radios
and the standards are dealt in detail.

The wireless communication systems are provided in various topologies and architectures, and some of
them are discussed with their relative advantages and disadvantages. The topics are further covered with
different types of devices and communication subsystems and network configurations. Finally, different
types of applications in which the technology is going to be adopted are discussed in detail.

Wireless communication solutions are increasingly adopted in industrial automation systems, due to

their well-known advantages, such as higher levels of flexibility and mobility, and possible cost
reductions due to simpler installation and maintenance. However, the typical timing requirements of
industrial applications (which imply determinism and often isochronous behavior) cannot be satisfied by
legacy consumer market technologies, mainly ZigBee or Wi-Fi.

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1.INTRODUCTION

Communication Systems can be Wired or Wireless and the medium used for communication can be
Guided or Unguided. In Wired Communication, the medium is a physical path like Co-axial Cables,
Twisted Pair Cables and Optical Fiber Links etc. which guides the signal to propagate from one point to
other. Wireless Communication is a method of transmitting information from one point to other, without
using any connection like wires, cables or any physical medium.

Wireless communication systems. Different from the channels of wired communications, wireless
channels are very complex, dynamic and time-varying, depending on the environment and mobility of
users. User environment can be either cities with high buildings or suburbs with hills, lakes, flat
grounds, etc. Users of wireless communications can be summarized into three categories: quasistatic
indoor users, low-speed pedestrian users, and high-speed car (train) users. The diversity of environments
and the mobility of mobile users make it necessary to study the characteristic of wireless channels.

Wireless Communication is the fastest growing and most vibrant technological areas in the
communication field. Wireless Communication is a method of transmitting information from one point
to other, without using any connection like wires, cables or any physical medium.

Generally, in a communication system, information is transmitted from transmitter to receiver that are
placed over a limited distance. With the help of Wireless Communication, the transmitter and receiver
can be placed anywhere between few meters (like a T.V. Remote Control) to few thousand kilometers
(Satellite Communication).

We live in a World of communication and Wireless Communication, in particular, is a key part of our
lives. Some of the commonly used Wireless Communication Systems in our day – to – day life are:
Mobile Phones, GPS Receivers, Remote Controls, Bluetooth Audio and Wi-Fi etc.

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2.LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 WIRED NETWORK:

A wired network uses cables to connect devices, such as laptop or desktop computers, to the Internet or
another network. A wired network has some disadvantages when compared to a wireless network.In
computing terminology, the term "wired" is used to differentiate between wireless connections and those
that involve cables. A wired setup uses physical cables to transfer data between different devices and
computer systems. The cables can be copper wire, twisted pair or fiber optic. Wired network is used to
carry different forms of electrical signals from one end to the other. Most wired networks use Ethernet
cables to transfer data between connected PCs. Ethernet works or operates in a narrow range and it is
little bit difficult to configure as compared to wireless networking technologies.

2.2 WIRELESS NETWORK:

Wireless network refers to the use of infrared or radio frequency signals to share information and
resources between devices. Wireless technologies are designed to reduce the time and different type of
obstacles created by the cables. Wireless network does not use wires for data or voice communication; it
uses radio frequency waves as mentioned above. Many types of wireless devices are available today;for
example, cellular mobile, handheld PCs, satellite receivers, laptop, PDAs, wireless sensors etc.

3. BLOCK DIAGRAM

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3
3.1 EXPLANATION:
There are two basic modes of the communication :

 Point -to-Point
 Broadcast

Point-to-Point:

In Point-to-Point communication mode, communication takes place over a link between a single
transmitter and a receiver. Telephony is an example of such a mode of communication.

Broadcast:

In broadcast mode , there are a large number of receivers corresponding to a single transmitter. Radio
and television are examples of broadcast mode of communication.

Basic terminology used in Communication system:

a) Transducer: Any device that converts one form of energy into another can be termed as a
transducer. Converts physical variable (pressure, displacement, force, temperature etc ) into
corresponding variations in the electrical signal at its output.
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b) Signal: Information converts in electrical from and suitable for transmission is called signal.

c) Noise: Noise reference to the unwanted signals that tend to disturb the transmission and
processing of message signals in a communication system.

d) Transmitter: A transmitter processes the incoming messages signal so as to make it suitable for
transmission through a channel and subsequent reception.

e) Receiver: A receiver extracts the message signals from the channel output.

f) Attenuation: The loss of strength of signal while propagating through a medium is known as
attenuation.

g) Amplification: It is process of increasing the amplitude of a signal using an electronic circuit

called the amplifier.

h) Range: It is the largest distance between a source and a destination up to which the signal is
received with sufficient strength.

i) Bandwidth: Bandwidth refers to the frequency range over which an equipment operates or the
portion of the spectrum occupied by the signal.

j) Modulation: The original low frequency message/information signal cannot be transmitted to

long distances. Therefore, at the transmitter, information contained in the low frequency message
signal is superimposed on a high frequency wave, which acts as carrier of the information.

k) Demodulation: The process of retrieval of information from the carrier wave at the receiver is
termed demodulation.

l) Repeater: A Repeater is combination of a receiver and a transmitter

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4. WIRELESS CHANNELS

Wireless channels have a great impact on the system performance. Thus, a good understanding of
wireless channels lays the foundation for the design of wireless communication systems. Different from
the channels of wired communications, wireless channels are very complex, dynamic and time-varying,
depending on the environment and mobility of users. User environment can be either cities with high
buildings or suburbs with hills, lakes, flat grounds, etc. Users of wireless communications can be
summarized into three categories: quasistatic indoor users, low-speed pedestrian users, and high-speed
car (train) users. The diversity of environments and the mobility of mobile users make it necessary to
study the characteristic of wireless channels.

Wireless communication systems transmit data via electromagnetic waves. Fig. 1.2 shows the typical
propagations of electromagnetic waves in wireless communications. Generally, electromagnetic waves
in wireless communications can be classified into several categories as follows:

1. Direct waves: These are the direct propagation of electromagnetic waves without any
obstructions, which are the main propagation modes of ultrashort waves and microwaves.
The signal strength via direct waves is the strongest.
2. Reflection waves: These are the received signals reflected by buildings or other reflectors.
Their signal strengths are weaker than that of direct waves.
3. Diffracted waves: These are the electromagnetic waves after diffraction that occurs when
electromagnetic waves encounter large buildings, hills, or other objects.
4. Scatter waves: These occur after electromagnetic waves pass ground and sky. The signal
strength is weak generally.

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 5. ADVANTAGES

1. Freedom from wires : Can be configured with the use of any physical connection.
2. Easy to setup : Wireless network is easy to expand and setup
3. Better or global coverage : It provides global reach by providing networking in places such as
rural areas, battlefield, etc… where wiring is not feasible.
4. Flexibility : Wireless network is more flexible and adaptable compared to wired network.
5. Cost-effectiveness : Since it is easy to install and doesn’t require cables, wireless network is
relatively cheaper.
6. Mobile and portable : Wireless network is easy to carry and re-install in another place
7. Mobility -: It has good mobility of usage.

6. DISADVANTAGES

1. As communication is done through open space, it is less secure.

2. Unreliability
3. More open to interference.
4. Increased chance of jamming.
5. Transmission speed is comparably less.
6. it has a limited amount of bandwidth for communication and breaches of network security.
7. Wireless networks can be easily hacked.
8. Wireless networks require a careful radio frequency when they are installing.

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 7. APPLICATIONS

1. Satellite system
2. Television remote control
3. Wi-Fi
4. Paging system
5. Wi-MaxE
6. Security systems
7. Cellphones
8. Computer interface devices
9. Bluetooth
10. GPS
11. GSM

8. FUTURE SCOPE

1. Future wireless networks will support 100 Gbps communication between people, devices, and
the “Internet of Things,” with high reliability and uniform coverage indoors and out.
2. Major role in development of technology
3. High speed data transfer
4. Data transfer over large area or distance
5. Eco friendly and non-hazardous ways have to be found out
6. Has to be made more secured

9. CONCLUSION

Wireless communications has a lot of benefits and can make the world a lot more efficient.
Wireless technology will be very important in the near future where the need for wires connecting
individual devices seems to be coming to an end.

Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of
electrical conductors or "wires". It encompasses various types of fixed, mobile, and portable twoway
radios, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and wireless networking. Wireless

8
communications begin with a message that is converted into an electronic signal by a device called a
transmitter. The encoded electronic signal is then sent as a radio wave. Devices known as receivers
decode or demodulate the radio waves and reproduce the original message over a speaker. There are 4
types wireless communication; they are Infrared Wireless Transmission, Broadcast Radio, Microwave
Radio, Communications Satellites. Wireless communication is employed for a wide range of
applications such as Broadcasting services, Mobile communications of voice and data, Fixed Services,
Satellite, Cellular telephones and pagers, Global Positioning System , Cordless computer peripherals,
Wireless gaming, Security systems, Wi-Fi, Wireless energy transfer. Therefore wireless communication
is advantageous over the wired communication as we can work without the hassles of wires and network
cables and enhance overall productivity and also at a higher speed.

10.REFERENCE

1. Tse, David, and Pramod Viswanath. Fundamentals of wireless communication.

Cambridge university press, 2005.
2. Halldórsson, Magnús M., and Roger Wattenhofer. "Wireless Communication is in
APX." International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming. Springer,
Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009.
3. Andrea, Goldsmith. Wireless communication. 2017.
4. Zhou, Shidong, et al. "Distributed wireless communication system: a new architecture for
future public wireless access." IEEE Communications Magazine 41.3 (2003): 108-113.