GUIPOS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Pob. Guipos, Zamboanga del Sur

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN MATHEMATICS 7

Quarter 3 – Week 1
Basic Concepts in Geometry

Learning Competency/ Objectives:

After going through this worksheet, you are expected to:
a. Represent points, lines, and planes using concrete and pictorial models;
b. Illustrate subsets of a line; and
c. Classify the different kinds of angles

BACKGROUND LESSON
LESSON 1: Points, Lines and Planes
Undefined Terms

The word geometry was derived from two Greek words, geo and metron, which mean “earth” and “measure”,
respectively. Geometry literally means earth measurement. Euclid, often called as the “Father of Modern Geometry” made
a very significant contribution to study of Geometry.

Geometry, just like any other mathematical system is based on undefined terms, unproven statements (postulates
and assumptions), and theorems.

The undefined terms in geometry are point, line, and plane. Even though these terms are left undefined, they
are used together with ordinary words as basis to define other geometric terms. Space, for example, is defined as a set of
all points.

Undefined Description Representation Naming Other Concrete and

Terms Information Pictorial Model
A point is named It has no
● by using a dimension.
B capital letter. Has no length, tip of a needle
Point a specific The two points width, or
location are named point thickness.
● B and point D.
D

a set of ● It is named by Has length, but edge of a ruler

continuous B using any two no width, and no
Line points that points on the thickness.
extend line with a line It will always
indefinitely in ● over the two mean a straight
two opposite D letters or by line.
directions m using a small
letter. The line in
the illustration is
named as DB ´
´
or BD or line m

set of points It is named by It has infinite

●A
contained in a using a capital width and infinite
flat surface letter placed at length but no flat screen
that extends ●C one point of its thickness.
Plane television
infinitely in all ●B corners or by
directions P three points, not
on a line but are
on the plane.
Thus, plane P
can also be
named plane
ABC.

Relationship between and among Points, Lines and Planes

Postulate is a statement which accepted as true without proof. A statement that needs to be proven is called
theorem. A corollary is a direct consequence of another theorem.

Postulate 1. Line Postulate

Two points determine exactly one line.
A B
l ● ●
 Points A and B determine exactly one line l. This means that there is one and only one line l that contains points
A and B.
Theorem 1. Two distinct lines intersect at one point

l1 l1 P
P
Q
l2 l2

The term lines in the theorem means straight lines. If lines l 1 and l 2 can intersect at more than one point P, say P
and Q, then there will be two lines containing P and Q. This assumption contradicts Postulate 1. As shown in the second
figure, l 2 and l 2 can intersect at P and Q only if at least one of them is not a straight line.

Postulate 2. Three collinear points are contained an at least one plane and three non-collinear points are contained in
exactly one plane.

●A P
●B ●C ●

Postulate 3. If two distinct planes intersect, then their intersection is a

line.

Postulate 4. If two points of a line are in a plane, then the line is in the plane.

A B
● ●
E

Theorem 2. If a line not contained in a plane intersects the plane, then the intersection contains only one point.

●Q

Theorem 3. Exactly one plane contains a given line and a point not on the line.

●R

Theorem 4. Exactly one plane contains two intersecting lines.

LESSON 2: Subsets of a line

Subsets of a Line

In the figure below, the part of line l from point A to point B is called segment.
A B
● ● l

A segment is a subset of a line consisting of two endpoints and all the points in between. A and B are called the
endpoints of the segments. In the above illustration, the length of AB is the distance between A and B. It is denoted by
AB.

3 cm 4 cm

A P B
 ● ● ●

Definition of Congruent Segments

Segment AB is congruent to segment CD if and only if the length of AB is equal to the length of CD . In symbols,
AB ~¿ CD if and only if AB = CD.
Illustration

Since, PQ is 7 cm and RS is also 7 cm long, then PQ ~

¿ RS .
P 7 cm Q
● ●
R
● 7 cm
S
●
Definition of Midpoint of a Segment
M is the midpoint of AB if and only if
a. M lies between A and B, and A M B
b. AM = MB ● ● ●
2 8 14

A ray is another subset of a line. A ray starts at one point of a line and goes on indefinitely in one direction.
P Q R
● ● ●
Ray PQ, denoted by ⃗ PQ , starts from point P and goes on indefinitely to the right. P is called endpoint of ⃗ PQ .
Definition of a Ray
Ray PQ is the union of ⃗
PQ and all points R such that Q is between P and R.

In the figure below, ⃗

EF and ⃗
ED are opposite rays.
D E F
● ● ●

⃗
EF and ⃗ ED are described as opposite rays if and only if they are subsets of the same line and have a common
endpoint. ⃗
EF and ⃗
ED have a common endpoint E.
LESSON 3: Kinds of Angles

Kinds of Angles
The word angle comes from a Latin word ‘angulus’ which means ‘corner’. The figure below are examples of
angles. In each figure, there are two non collinear rays sharing a common endpoint. The common endpoint is called the
vertex of the angle, and the two rays are called sides.
A ● D● G●

C F I
B ● ● E ● ● H ● ●

An angle is the union of two non-collinear rays with a common endpoint.

Naming an Angle
In the figure below, point A is the vertex and ⃗AB and ⃗
AC are the sides of the angle.

B ●

1 C
A ● ●

The symbol for an angle is ∠. The given angle can be named ∠ BAC ,∠ CAB ,∠ A ,or ∠ 1.

Exterior A ●
●P
Q ● ●R
Interior

● ●
B C
Exterior
Measuring an Angle
A protractor can be used to draw an angle of a given measure. Angles are measured in units called degrees.
A
 The measure of
∠ ABC is equal
to 50 degrees.

C
B

Two angles are congruent if and only if their measures are equal. In symbols,
~
∠ A ¿ ∠ B, if and only if m∠ A=m ∠B .
Identifying Angles according to Measures

Angle Name of the Angle Measure of the Angle Classification

1 ∠1 Less than 90˚ Acute Angle

●

∠2 Equal to 90˚ Right Angle

2
●
Greater than 90˚ but less
∠3 than 180˚ Obtuse Angle
3
●

Here’s another Kinds of Angles according to measures

Angle Name of the Angle Measure of the Angle Classification

∠4 Equal to 180˚ Straight Angle

●
4

5 Greater than 180˚ but less

● ∠5 than 360˚ Reflex Angle

∠0 Equal to 360˚ Full Angle

0 ●

Activity 1: What am I?
Directions: Determine whether the objects represent point, line or plane.

1. edge of beam of a building -

2. surface of the page of a notebook -
3. string on a guitar -
4. ceiling of a room -
5. ray of light -
6. broomstick -
7. floor -
8. electric wire -
9. tip of a hair strand -
10. rope -

Activity 2: What’s my Angle?

Directions: Find the angle formed between the hour and minute hands of each clock.

1._______ 2._______ 3._______

4._______ 5._______ 6._______