PRACTICAL EXERCISES MANUAL

Unit Ref.: FME-02 Date: July 2002 Pg: 1 / 13

INDEX
7 PRACTICAL EXERCISES MANUAL ..................................................................................... 2
7.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE EQUIPMENT ......................................................................................... 2
7.1.1 Description of the equipment................................................................................................................... 2
7.1.2 Practical possibilities ................................................................................................................................ 4
7.1.3 Specifications ............................................................................................................................................ 4
7.1.4 Dimensions and weight ............................................................................................................................. 4
7.2 THEORETICAL BASIS.................................................................................................................... 5
7.3 LABORATORY PRACTICAL EXERCISES ................................................................................. 6
7.3.1 Practical exercise 1: Rectangular weir in a thin wall ............................................................................ 6
7.3.2 Practical exercise 2: V-shape weir in a thin wall ................................................................................. 10
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7 PRACTICAL EXERCISES MANUAL

7.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE EQUIPMENT

7.1.1 Description of the equipment

The equipment has many elements that are used in combination with the
Hydraulic Bench.

- A special mouthpiece that is coupled to the outlet mouthpiece for water

in the Hydraulic Bench.

- Two soothing screens that, together with the previous element, they
provide a slow current in the channel.

Soothing
screens

Mouthpiece

Figure 1.1.1

Note: This equipment CAN NOT be used with the Hydraulic Group,
FME00B.
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- A level meter consistent in a " nonius " that is adjusted in a mast, where
the heights are pointed out in a caliber coupled to it.

- A small hook or a point, are coupled to the inferior base of the mast to
carry out the measures.

- Two drains of rectangular neckline and in a V-shape that are assembled

in a support joined to the final part of the channel of the Hydraulic
Bench.

Level meter

Hook

Point
Weir

Figure 1.1.2
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7.1.2 Practical possibilities

- Demonstration of the flow characteristics through a weir of rectangular

neckline and a V-shape weir.

- Determination of the unloading coefficient.

7.1.3 Specifications

- Dimensions of the weirs: 230 x 4 x 160mm.

- Neckline angle in the V-shape weir: 90º

- Dimension of the rectangular notch: 30 x 82mm.

- Scale of the level meter: from 0 to 160 mm.

7.1.4 Dimensions and weight

- Approximate dimensions: 400 x 160 x 600mm.

- Approximate volume: 0.22m3.

- Approximate weight: 10kg

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7.2 THEORETICAL BASIS

The flow through a rectangular orifice is given by the expression:

3
2
Q  m b 2  g  h 2
3

where:

m is the unloading coefficient

b is the width of the neckline or the width of the weir

h is the height of the load or the height of the water on the crest or
weir threshold.

For the V-shape weir, the expression that lets us to obtain the liquid flow
that circulates through it is:

8  25
Q   m  2  g  tg  h
15 2

where: m is the unloading coefficient

/2 is the vertex semi-angle of the neckline

h is the load height.

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7.3 LABORATORY PRACTICAL EXERCISES

7.3.1 Practical exercise 1: Rectangular weir in a thin wall

7.3.1.1 Objective

 Study of the flow characteristics through a rectangular neckline,

made on a thin wall with a sharp threshold.

7.3.1.2 Necessary equipment

 Hydraulic Bench FME00

 Flow over weir equipment FME02 (board with a rectangular

neckline)

 Chronometer

Figure 3.1.1
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7.3.1.3 Procedure

Assemble the equipment (screen, mouthpiece and weir board) as it is

indicated in figure 3.1.1.

Place the support with the nonius at the half, approximately, of the distance
between the weir and the screen.

Figure 3.1.2

Supply water to the channel until it unloads through the weir.

Close the supply control valve and stop the pump.

Let the water level in the channel to stabilize.

Once a minimum precise contact between the point of the lancet, or the
tangency point of the hook, and the free surface of water, has taken place, adjust and
immobilize the nonius of the caliber to zero.

Supply water to the channel adjusting the flow control valve to obtain,
successively, step increments of the load height, h.

In each step increment of the flow, and once the regimen conditions are
stabilized, measure and note down the value of the load height, as well as the flow
using the scales in the volumetric tank and the chronometer.

With the values obtained in the practice, complete the following table.
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(Take values first for the lancet and then for the hook).
Volume Time Flow Height
Q2/3 log Q log h h/b m
m3 S m3/s M

Table 3.1.1

To make the calculus, it will be necessary to measure first the width of the
neckline, b.

Make, at a convenient scale, the following graphs:

 Q2/3 in function of h

 Log Q in function of log h

 m in function of h

7.3.1.4 Questions

C.1 In this weir, does the value of m stay constant?. If m is variable, suggest
a relational function between m and h/b
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C.2 Estimate an average value in the test interval.

C.3 The relation between Q and h, can be expressed with a formula of the type
Q = Khn ?. In an affirmative case, determinate the values of K and n.
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7.3.2 Practical exercise 2: V-shape weir in a thin wall

7.3.2.1 Objective

 Study of the flow characteristics through a weir with a V-shape

neckline, made on a thin wall and with a sharp threshold.

7.3.2.2 Necessary equipment

 Hydraulic Bench FME00

 Flow over weir equipment, FME02 (board with a V-shape neckline)

 Chronometer.

Figure 3.2.1
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7.3.2.3 Practice development

Assemble the equipment, (screen, mouthpiece and weir board) as it is

indicated in figure 3.2.1.

Place the support of the nonius at the half, approximately, of the distance
between the weir and the screen.

Figure 3.2.2

Supply water to the channel until it unloads through the weir.

Close the supply control valve and stop the pump.

Let the water level in the channel to stabilize.

Once a minimum precise contact between the point of the lancet, or the
tangency point of the hook, and the free surface of water, has taken place, adjust and
immobilize the nonius of the caliber to zero.

Supply water to the channel adjusting the flow control valve to obtain,
successively, step increments of the load height, h.

In each step increment of the flow, and once the regimen conditions are
stabilized, measure and note down the value of the load height, as well as the flow
using the scales in the volumetric tank and the chronometer.

Determine the angle , in the vertex of the neckline to, together with the
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data obtained in the practice, complete the following table.

(take values first for the lancet and then for the hook)

Figure 3.2.3.

Volume Time Flow Height

Q2/5 h5/2 m
m3 s m3/s M

Table 3.2.1

2
Make, at a convenient scale, the graph of the function Q 5  h and try to
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determine the value of m from the gradient of the line represented.

7.3.2.4 Questions

C.1 In this weir, does the value of m along the experiment stay constant?

2
C.2 What advantages or disadvantages has tracing the graph Q  h instead
5

 25 
of tracing Q    h  ?
 