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Researchpaper 1-Electronicsyringepump
Researchpaper 1-Electronicsyringepump
Researchpaper 1-Electronicsyringepump
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Sameed Tehami
Electrical Engineering & Information Technology
Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt
Ingolstadt, Germany
Abstract— Delivering medications and fluids intravenously is a enough to feed a patient at required flow rate [3]. In infants,
common practice in modern medical procedures. Administering concentrated drugs are mostly delivered using low infusion
medications or fluids directly into a patient’s blood circulation rates (0.5 – 2 ml/h) to avoid volume overload and under such
results in a predictable and immediate absorption of the drug or conditions minor variations of flow rate can cause serious
fluid administered, this may play a vital role in the treatment of
hemodynamic instability.[4] [5] [6] [7]. There are different
certain acute conditions which require immediate action by
drugs or fluids. methods for flow measurement including volumetric [8],
Syringe Pumps are highly useful in delivering a precise quantity gravimetric [8] [9] [10] [11] and automatic [12] [14].
of the substance at specific periods of time as required. This Automatic technique simply needs infusion line connected to
research presents a proposal to create a cost effective working an inlet port and display volume readings and flow rate on the
prototype of syringe pump for variable and low delivery rates for screens [12] [13].
the administration of small volumes. The presented Syringe
Pump utilizes a lead-screw mechanism that is driven by a stepper Safety of patient is one of the most significant features in the
motor which itself is controlled by an electronic circuit based on development of syringe pumps and in past many functional
an 89S52 microcontroller that works as the brain of the system failure of syringe pumps have been reported [14] [15] [16].
and controls all other peripherals like LCD, Keypad and other Statistical results show that 39% errors occur while
components. Due to the possibility of the complete prototyping of administering drugs, 10% errors arise in pharmacy and 38%
the syringe pump locally from the electronic hardware designing
errors are made when infusing drugs, 13% due to some other
to the code writing and to the mechanical assembly designing and
fabrication it allows us in future to modify this design in reasons [17]. Hence this error can be minimized by integrating
accordance to the need of any related industry at home letting off control systems with syringe pumps via specialized controller
the dependency on manufacturers from other parts of the world or computer which permits partial automation of human
and may even allow us to export this cheaper product abroad. interaction [18]
Index Terms—Syringe pump, Lead screw mechanism, delivery B. Objective and Scope
rates, 89S52 microcontroller.
Drugs have been administered intravenously since more
I. INTRODUCTION than hundred years using different kinds of needles and
A. Background syringes. Early intravenous devices were manual, crude and
needed manual monitoring by the medical staff. The manual
Syringe pump or drug delivery system is a small infusion devices could not be generally used without direct medical
pump used to slowly administer small amounts of fluid supervision and assistance of the medical staff. The objective
(without or with medication) to a patient [1]. There are of this research work is development of a cost effective
different types of drug delivery system including fixed and microcontroller based Syringe Pump that is capable of
continuous delivery system. Continuous infusion usually delivering volumes as small as 0.1ml to as large as 12ml at
delivers small pulses of infusion, commonly between 500 delivery rates as small as 0.1ml/hr to delivery rates as large as
nanoliters and 10000 microliters per hour [2] whereas the fixed 999.9ml/hr with extra-ordinary accuracy and precision with
drug delivery system contains peristaltic pump that is large respect to both flow rate and volume
Fig. 1. Flowchart representing Methodology Steps Fig. 3. Simulated Design of Syringe Pump
Th
REFERENCES
[1] N. A. Kshirsagar, ―Drug Delivery Systems‖, Department of
ClinicalPharmacology, Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2000.
Fig. 8. Mechanical Assembly
[2] Didier Maillefer, Stephan Gamper, ―High Performance Silicon
Micropump for Disposable Drug Delivery System‖,
B. Mechanical Assembly Institute of Microsystems, IEEE, 2001.
The materials used in the fabrication of the mechanical [3] P. K. Gaur, S. Mishra, ―Transdermal Drug Delivery System‖, Asian
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, Volume2,2009.
assembly of the syringe pump have been shown in fig. 8.
[4] Capes DF, Dunster KR, Sunderland VB, McMillan D, Colditz PB,
Aluminum blocks are used for the purpose of holding the McDonald C., ―Fluctuations in syringe pump infusions: association with
syringe and as a holder for the plunger to be moved by the blood pressure variations in infants.‖,Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1995
actuator. Polished and anodized aluminum plate is used as the Aug 1;52(15):1646-53.
base for the complete mechanism to provide the slide [5] Schulze KF, Graff M, Schimmel MS, Schenkman A, Rohan P.
mechanism with reasonable stability. Mild Steel Rod is used ―Physiologic oscillations produced by an infusion pump‖, J Pediatr
1983; 103: 796–8.
to make a screw for the proposed lead-screw mechanism. The
diameter of the rod selected in 6mm with the Pitch of the [6] Capes DF, Dunster KR, Sunderland VB, McMillan D, Colditz PB,
McDonald C. ―Fluctuations in syringe pump infusions: association with
screw being 1mm. Bushes are used for smooth movement. blood pressure variation in infants‖, Am J Health-Syst Pharm 1995; 52:
Bushes present in the Moving Block of syringe pump are 1646–53
made up of brass. Brass, usually copper alloyed with zinc, is [7] Klem SA, Farrington JM, Leff RD. ―Influence of infusion pump
easily shaped, stamped and deep drawn. It has excellent operation and flow rate on hemodynamic stability during epinephrine
forming and drawing properties and good strength. Three infusion‖, Crit Care Med 1993; 21: 1213–7
Thumb Screws are fabricated of Brass, two for tightening the [8] ECRI Institute 2008 Inspection and Preventive Maintenance for General
Purpose Infusion
Stainless Steel Plate that holds the Finger Tabs of the syringe Pumps Biomedical Benchmark™©
and one for tightening of the Thumb Tab on the moving block [9] ISO/IEC 60601-2-24 1998 Medical electrical equipment: Particular
whereas moving block slides over the rods which are made up requirements for the safety of infusion pumps and controller
of stainless steel. [10] D.M.Clarkson,‖ Accuracy estimations of testing of infusion devices
using weighing balances‖, Medical Engineering & Physics .
VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 2002 Volume 23, Issue 3, Pages 229–235
This report actually covers all the procedures of Research [11] Ilfeld B, Morey TE ,Kayser Enneking F ―The delivery rate accuracy of
portable infusion pumps used for continuous regional analgesia‖ Anesth
and Development of a Syringe Pump that started with the analg 2002 Nov; 95; 1331-1336
brainstorming of the concepts and comes to end with an [12] Fluke Corporation 2005 Operators Manual IDA4 Plus Infusion Pump
effective prototyping of a syringe pump. After fabrication of Analyzer
syringe pump it has been tested via clinical surveys where it [13] Bio-Tek Instruments INC 1997 IDA2 Plus: Operators Manual
was proved that it is capable of delivering volumes as small as [14] Wilkinson DA, Schofield NM. ―A potential hazard with Graseby 3000
0.1ml to as large as 12ml at delivery rates as small as 0.1ml/hr syringe pumps. ―, Anaesthesia, October 2003, vol. 58,1030.
to delivery rates as large as 999.9ml/hr with extra-ordinary [15] Christodoulou C. ―Incident with a Baxter AS40A syringe pump:
accuracy and precision with respect to both flow rate and vigilance is warranted‖, Can J Anaesth, 2004; vol. 51:185-6.
volume. [16] Derrick JL, Ho AM, Cho AM. ―Consequences of syringe size sensor
malfunction in a modern infusion pump‖, Anaesth Intensive Care,
There are several more ideas that are intended to be made 2003;31:75-9
into reality as far as the future perspective is concerned. The [17] Cardinal Health― info presentation „Pyxis Barcode Strategy―, 2004
first and the foremost is to add an option to select between [18] http://www.bbraunusa.com/images/bbraun_usa/Outlook_300_Sheet_RD
several syringe sizes that is required usually by the users. The 3.pdf. Last time viewed 2007 02 05.
second thing to be added is a Serial EEPROM in the project
that it may store the data in its memory and can be restored
even after the syringe pump is turned off. The third important