Chapter 3 Forces and Energy

Unit 3.1 Density

Mass: Mass is the amount of matter or substance that makes up an object.

● Unlike weight, mass doesn’t change due to changes in gravity. A huge block of ice, for
example, weighs much less in space because of lower gravity, but its mass is always
the same
● Formula: Mass = volume × density.

Volume: How much space an object or substance takes up.

● formula for volume: length × width × height.
● When calculating the volume for a regulator shape you must multiply each side
with each other.
● When calculating the volume for an irregular shape you must place the object in a
measuring cylinder filled with water, the increase in volume of water is the volume of
the object.
● The unit will always be cm^3 because the measuring cylinder measures in cm^3.

Density: How much space an object or substance takes up (its volume) in relation to the
amount of matter in that object or substance (its mass). The amount of mass per unit of
volume
● If an object is heavy and packed together , it has a high density. If an object is light
and takes up a lot of space, it has low density.
● Formula for Density: Mass divided by Volume
● Important example: If the mass is in G and the volume is in cm^3, then the density
will be “g/cm^3

Comparing Densities

● Gases have the lowest density.

● If particles in a material get packed closer together, the density increases.
● Solids have the highest density.
● In elements, the density increases as the atomic number increases .

Floating and sinking

● If something is more dense than water, it will float in water.
● If something is less dense than water, it will float in water.
● Density changes when mass or volume changes.

Liquids of different density

● Less dense will float on the more dense liquids.

Gases and liquids

● Carbon dioxide has the density of 0.002 g/cm^3.

Gases of different density

● Not all gases have the same density.

● Helium is one of the least dense gases.
● Hydrogen is less dense than helium.
● Solids and liquids and hard to compress.
● Gases are not hard to compress because their particles are far apart.
● Heat causes gas to expand.