Battery

Rulebook Constraints
• Teams must use a battery of Maximum Rated voltage 144V and Maximum Capacity
of 150AH. Teams have the choice to use the Li ion & SMF battery pack.
• The firewall must separate the electrical transmission from the driver. Battery cover
must be designed and manufactured by the teams.
• The cover material must be fire and electric proof and properly insulated by fiber.
Flexible rubber or plastic sheets are not allowed to be used as covers.
• Also, the battery cover should be made up of rigid plastic/glass fiber/sheet metal, with
an insulating coating.
• It should be mounted rigidly during the event, nylon ties, strings or wire of any kind is
not allowed for mounting.
• The casing of the battery should be fixed/welded/fastened (using locknuts) with the
chassis. If a power storage pack is capable of spilling dangerous liquids when
damaged, there must be a spill-proof barrier between that storage pack and solar car
occupants.
• The cover should be the de-attachable Type, if required then it can be easily removed
from batteries.
Load Consideration

• Total tractive force on our vehicle at maximum speed is 120.49 N

• At maximum speed ,it requires a power of 2242.575 W
• We have used BLDC motor of 2.25KW ,48V/60V operable with 87% efficiency

Design Considerations

• N cells connected in series, V = nV0.

• M cells connected in parallel, I=mI0
• n (no of cells in series of V0=4.2V) = 13
• m (no of cells in parallel of I0=2.5Ah) = 44
• Cell type in lithium ion battery : Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide
(LiNiMnCoO2) — NMC

Component Selection

We have selected Li- ion battery of 48V/110Ah because of following

reasons:
• We are using a 2.25kW BLDC motor of efficiency 87%, therefore to meet its energy
and power requirements 48V / 110 Ah li ion battery is best suited.
• So the current required is 46.875 A. As we need to run our car for 1.09 hour so
energy required is 51.09 A-H. The 48V motor needed 2.45kW-h power.
• As mentioned that motor is 87% efficient so power required is 2.82kW-h.
• Now let’s consider the acceleration factor as 10% so required power is 3.10kW-h.
• We are considering a safety factor of 30% so motors require 4.03kW but our battery
is 85% efficient so final power, which we need to supply is 4.74 kW-h. And our
battery can provide 5.148 kW-h in single charge without any other help.
• So our battery of 48V/ 110Ah can successfully cater all load requirements
• It can provide optimum torque and rpm to our motor.

Circuit Design

Figure 8.2: Battery pack circuit diagram

Formulation and Calculation

V=nVo
Where,
V : Nominal Voltage
n : no of cells in series = 13
V0 : voltage of single cell in series = 4.2V

I = mI0
Where,

I : Cell capacity
m : no of cells in parallel = 44
V0 : current rating of single cell in parallel = 2.5Ah

Calculating Energy storage capacity of battery

Nominal energy storage capacity of battery = Nominal voltage * Cell capacity

= (nV0)*(mI0)
= (13*3.6V)*(44*2.5Ah)
= 5148 W-h

Cell specification

ITEM SPECIFICATION

Capacity 2500mah

Nominal voltage 3.6 V

Charge voltage 4.2 V

 Discharge ending voltage 2.75 V

Energy density 184Wh/Kg

Max. charge current 1c(2500mA)

Max . discharge current 3c(7500mA)

BMS TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

●Discharge Current 250A

●Charge: Charging Voltage 54.6V, Charging Current 110A
●Over Charge Protection: Voltage 4.25±0.05V
●Detection Delay Time 600ms, Release Voltage 4.15±0.05V
●Cell Balancing: Detection Voltage 4.18V
●Release Voltage 4.18V, Current 200±30mA
●Over Discharge Protection: Detection Voltage 2.7±0.1V
●Detection Delay Time 600ms
●Release Voltage 3.0±0.1V
●Overcurrent Protection: Detection Voltage 200mV.
●Detection Delay Time 9ms.
●Overcurrent Protection Condition : Disconnect the Load
●Detection Delay Time 1S
●Release Condition : Disconnect The Load
Short Circuit Protection: Condition- Short Circuit of external load , Detection Delay
Time 250microS , Release condition-Off load
●Temperature Protection:338K or 348K : Cutoff

BATTERY SPECIFICATIONS

• Energy storage capacity of battery: 5148W-h. Battery nominal Voltage: 48.1 V

• Battery Capacity: 110A
• Continuous discharge current: 100A Instantaneous Discharge
current: 250A