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Different Types of Diseases/disorders of The Nervous System.
Different Types of Diseases/disorders of The Nervous System.
MSc in Neuroscience
from “Sophia College For
https://www.youtube.com/chann
Women”, Mumbai. el/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA
Parkinson’s Disease (PD)
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)
https://images.app.goo.gl/fJ5HFiuGHSJXsR4j7
Symptoms https://images.app.goo.gl/KN2gAr6F7N1aaPHm8
https://images.app.goo.gl/fkR5xB
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https://images.app.goo.gl/pW8bSvxc5rTwC7Xi7
❑ Mutations in the SMN1 gene cause all types of spinal muscular atrophy.
❑ The number of copies of the SMN2 gene modifies the severity of the
condition and helps determine which type develops.
❑ The SMN1 and SMN2 genes both provide instructions for making a protein
called the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein.
❑ The SMN protein is one of a group of proteins called the SMN complex,
which is important for the maintenance of motor neurons.
❑ Motor neurons transmit signals from the brain and spinal cord that tell
skeletal muscles to tense (contract), which allows the body to move.
❑ Most people with spinal muscular atrophy are missing a piece of
the SMN1 gene, which impairs SMN protein production. A shortage of
SMN protein leads to motor neuron death, and as a result, signals are not
transmitted between the brain and muscles. Muscles cannot contract
without receiving signals from the brain, so many skeletal muscles become
weak and waste away, leading to the signs and symptoms of spinal muscular
atrophy.
https://images.app.goo.gl/pFX9FF9usonkekGP7
https://images.app.goo.gl/pFX9FF9usonkekGP7
What Is Duchenne Muscular
Dystrophy?
❑ It affects the muscles, leading to muscle wasting
that gets worse over time.
❑ They occur primarily in males, though in rare
cases may affect females.
❑ It is caused by an alteration (mutation) in a gene,
called the DMD gene.
❑ It encodes for the muscle protein, dystrophin.
❑ Boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy do not
make the dystrophin protein in their muscles.
❑ There is no known cure for DMD, there are
treatments that can help control symptoms.
Progressive Muscle Weakness That Gets Early Signs May Include
Weakness Worse Over Time. Delayed Ability To Sit, Stand,
Or Walk And Difficulties
Enlarged Calf Muscles
Learning To Speak.
(Pseudohypertrophy)
(Increased size of calf SYMPTOMS
muscles) Using hands to get up off
the floor (Gower's
Loss (Atrophy) Of Both Most children with maneuver)
Skeletal And Heart DMD use a wheelchair
Muscle by their early teens.
https://images.app.goo.gl/Qr7NyGFMdaK9nJ4Y6
TREATMENT:
❑ Some cases of neuropathy can be easily treated and
sometimes cured.
https://images.app.goo.gl/YWVim74kNdidg5nH7
❑ Not all neuropathies can be cured.
▪ Parkinson disease: MedlinePlus Genetics. (n.d.). https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/parkinson-disease/#synonyms
▪ Spinal muscular atrophy | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program. (n.d.).
https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7674/spinal-muscular-atrophy
▪ Spinal muscular atrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics. (n.d.). https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spinal-muscular-atrophy/#inheritance
▪ Duchenne muscular dystrophy | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program. (n.d.).
https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6291/duchenne-muscular-dystrophy
▪ Huntington disease: MedlinePlus Genetics. (n.d.). https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/huntington-disease/
▪ Huntington’s Disease Information Page | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (n.d.). https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-
Disorders/Huntingtons-Disease-Information-Page
▪ The Basic Neurobiology of Huntington’s Disease (Text and Audio) – HOPES Huntington's Disease Information. (n.d.). HOPES Huntington’s Disease
Information. https://hopes.stanford.edu/the-basic-neurobiology-of-huntingtons-disease-text-and-audio/
▪ Basal Ganglia (Section 3, Chapter 4) Neuroscience Online: An Electronic Textbook for the Neurosciences | Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy - The
University of Texas Medical School at Houston. (n.d.). https://nba.uth.tmc.edu/neuroscience/m/s3/chapter04.html
▪ Multiple sclerosis. (n.d.). https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000737.htm
▪ Dr. Stephen Hawking: A Case Study on Using Technology to Communicate with the World | AccessComputing. (n.d.).
https://www.washington.edu/accesscomputing/dr-stephen-hawking-case-study-using-technology-communicate-world
▪ Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Fact Sheet | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (n.d.)
.https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Amyotrophic-Lateral-Sclerosis-ALS-Fact-Sheet
▪ Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. (n.d.). ALS | Lou Gehrig’s Disease | MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html
▪ Peripheral Neuropathy Fact Sheet | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (n.d.). https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-
Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Peripheral-Neuropathy-Fact-Sheet
▪ Neuropathy (Peripheral Neuropathy). (n.d.). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14737-neuropathy