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Scheme-Of-Work Friedrich
Scheme-Of-Work Friedrich
Scheme-Of-Work Friedrich
Potato Pancakes
Friedrich is looked after by the narrator’s mother. Friedrich and the narrator play together.
On bathing Friedrich, the narrator’s mother exclaims ‘Well, Fritzchen, you look like a little Jew.’
(p.6)
Snow
Friedrich and his mother play in the snow. The language ‘happy’, ‘carefree’ and ‘playful,’ suggests
Friedrich enjoys a happy childhood.
Herr Resch, the landlord, leans out of the window and shouts to Friedrich ‘Will you leave my roses
in peace, you dirty Jewboy you!’ (p.12)
The narrator’s mother, not wanting to become involved, instructs her son to move away from the
window.
Point to note
Herr Resch associates Jews with uncleanliness.
Work
1. Who is Herr Resch?
2. Why does he call Friedrich a ‘dirty Jewboy?’
3. Why does the narrator’s mother tell him to move away from the window?
Grandfather
The narrator’s grandfather supports the family financially, as his father is unemployed.
The grandfather objects strongly to the narrator playing with a Jew. He tells his grandson that he
dislikes Jews because ‘the Jews crucified our Lord […] I do not wish the boy to associate with this
Jew!’
¾ What happened?
¾ How did you feel?
¾ Why do you think you were treated this way?
¾ Was it acceptable?
Friday Evening
Friedrich’s mother prepares for the Sabbeth. Even though the narrator is not Jewish, he is invited
to join the feast.
School Begins
On their first day at school, both the narrator and Friedrich receive a present. The families enjoy a
visit to the funfair; the food and ride tickets are shared between them.
Point to note
The narrator’s family and Friedrich’s family enjoy spending time together. One family is German
and one Jewish, but that is of little importance.
Work
Describe a memorable day that you have spent with your family. It may have been a day out, a
party, or simply an ordinary day that holds some special memory for you.
Remember to structure your account, including a clear beginning, middle and end.
The protestor who campaigns ‘Don’t buy from Jews,’ (p.30) also threatens those who defy his
instructions. The actions of the protestor seem so ludicrous that we believe that this hatred will not
prevail, but it does. The ‘bystanders’ that gather and ‘laughed out loud’ hint at the widespread
support that will allow this victimization to continue.
Pleased that he is invited to the gathering, Friedrich proudly wears a scarf that is tied with a
swastika. The irony is apparent, Friedrich is forced to recite the lines declaring hatred of the Jews,
yet he is Jewish. Both children are innocent, they are not consumed by hatred, and see this
venture as no more than a club to which to belong. The narrator wishes to emulate his father, and
Friedrich wants to be ‘a good German.’
The narrator attends the meetings, staying until the end, but he is unable to make the link, to
realize that the Jews that the Jungvolk despise, are the same as the Jew that he befriends.
Perhaps it is his childlike perspective on the world that leads him to believe that Friedrich may
eventually be able to reveal his identity to the party and be accepted as a Jew once they know him
a little better.
Work
The following vocabulary has appeared in the novel, or can be used to describe what has
happened so far.
Write out each word in your exercise book. Next to it write down in your own words what it means.
Use the word in a sentence.
The Ball
Friedrich and the narrator are playing with a ball in the street when the narrator accidentally
smashes a shop window. Despite the narrator admitting full responsibility, the shop owner
repeatedly blames ‘the Jewboy.’ (p.40)
Even the policeman blames Friedrich, choosing to ignore the narrator’s admission, saying ‘you
know he is a Jew […]. You can’t trust them; they’re sneaky and they cheat.’ (p.40). The
protestations are futile, and Friedrich’s father ‘pay[s] for the damage at once.’ (p.42).
Herr Schneider
Herr Schneider is ‘forced to retire,’ because he is a Jew.
Work
Look back over the last three chapters:
• The Ball
• Conversation on the Stairs
• Herr Schneider
Describe how Friedrich’s family have been treated by the shop owner, the police, Herr Resch, Herr
Schneider’s employers and the narrator’s family.
Useful vocabulary
1) ignorance 2) persecution 3) racism 4) hatred
The Hearing
The case between the German landlord, Herr Resch, and the Jewish tenant, Herr Schneider,
reaches court. Herr Resch wants the family evicted as ‘I [he] cannot tolerate a Jew in my house !’
(p.53) The judge is not convinced by the reason that Herr Resch has given, and rules in favour of
Herr Schneider. Comforting Friedrich, who is crying, the judge assures him ‘I am here to see that
justice is done.’(p.54)
Work
1. What is ‘the claim that every German must be granted?’ (page 49)
2. What party does Herr Resch belong to? (page 50)
3. Who is the Chancellor of the party? (page 50)
4. Why does Herr Resch want the Schneiders to leave? (page 51)
5. What two things does Herr Resch claim that the Jews will ruin? (page 52-53)
6. Why is Herr Schneider frightened when he learns that the narrator’s father belongs to The
Jungvolk? (page 58)
7. Why is Herr schneider ‘no longer smiling?’ (page 59)
The Teacher
After school, all the children are invited to stay behind by Herr Neudorf. He tells the children how
throughout the ages Jews have been persecuted and isolated from society. He defends the Jews,
telling the children that ‘people don’t understand them well enough.’ (p.62). Herr Neudorf asks the
children to reflect on the fact that ‘Jews are human beings, human beings like us!’ (p.63). The
speech in which he describes the Jews as ‘able’ people culminates in the revelation that Friedrich
must leave to attend a Jewish school.
Herr Neudorf asks that the children remain friends with Friedrich. In a touching display of
comradeship, Herr Neudorf ‘turned Friedrich around by the shoulder’ and told him ‘I wish you all
the best.’ (p.64).
Work
Goodbye letters
Imagine that you are Friedrich, and you are ready to leave the school. Write a letter to your friends
and teacher thanking them for their kind words and support. You should include your thoughts on
leaving, and your hopes and fears for the future.
Diary
Imagine that you are Friedrich and you have kept a diary over the past year. Write a selection of
entries that cover the weeks leading up to your final day, and the weeks that follow your departure.
Friedrich copyright © Hans Peter Richter
This resource is available at www.teachit.co.uk. Copyright © 2000 Teachit. fdscheme.doc 6
The Cleaning Lady
The narrator’s father has found work, and has been promoted because he is a member of the
Jungvolk party.
In a further attempt to ostracize the Jews, the state decides that Germans can no longer work for
Jews. As a result, Frau Penk is no longer allowed to work as a cleaner for the Schneiders. The
narrator’s mother ‘didn’t understand what was going on.’ (p.66). This is because the narrator’s
mother views the Jews as ‘human beings like us.’ (p.63).
Seeking to curtail the freedom of the Jewish people, the Nazi Party dissolves all German – Jewish
marriages. Physical violence against the Jews also appears acceptable, as we are told that there
is a ‘young woman’ who is paraded through the town wearing a sign which says;
Increasing measures that have been taken to restrict the freedom and the rights of Jews.
Work
Frau Penk knows that she and her husband ‘ought to be careful not to do anything wrong.’ (p68).
Imagine that when the narrator’s father returns home from work, the narrator’s mother tells him
about the situation with Frau Penk and the Schneiders.
Write out the conversation that follows as a dialogue. Remember that although the narrator’s family
are friendly with the Schneiders, they will be concerned for their own safety too. The narrator’s
father is a member of the party whose slogan is ‘The Jews are our affliction.’ (p.37).
Reasons
The narrator’s father tells Herr Schneider that he has joined the Jungvolk in order to secure work.
He pleads with Herr Schneider to understand;
The chapter is fraught with tension as the narrator’s father tries to explain his decision to join a
party that actively seeks to drive out his friend and neighbour, Herr Schneider.
The narrator’s father predicts that it is going to become harder for Jews to survive in Nazi
Germany, and he pleads with Herr Schneider ‘Think of your family, Herr Schneider, and go away!’
Work
1) Why does the narrator’s father find it ‘difficult’ to talk? (p.69)
2) What reason does the narrator’s father give for joining the NSDAP? (p.70)
3) What does the narrator’s father suggest that Herr Schneider does, and why? (p.71-72)
4) What does Herr Schneider ask of the narrator’s father if anything should happen to him?
(p.72-73)
5) How do you feel about the narrator’s father’s decision to join the party? Do you think that
he made the correct choice? Why?
Even when Friedrich tries to help a boy whose bike has been stolen, he is told ‘Aren’t you the Jew
[…]. You don’t think the police would believe you, do you?’ (p.78).
Work
Imagine that you are Friedrich’s friend, the narrator. Write an account of this incident from your
point of view.
¾ Perhaps you are disgusted that one of your own countrymen could treat a child in this way.
¾ Maybe you feel guilty that you don’t speak out, and tell them that Friedrich is a good friend to
you, that he shouldn’t be treated as an outcast just because he is Jewish.
¾ Are you scared? Do you wonder what will happen to the Jews if this persecution continues? Do
you fear for your own safety?
The Festival
In this chapter, Friedrich celebrates his Bar Mitzvah, the Jewish festival that marks the transition
from childhood to adulthood.
Herr Neudorf had no reason to attend the ceremony, but by doing so, and risking his reputation,
the author suggests that people who have day to day contact with the Jewish people do not hate
them. Such people sympathize with the Jews, and actively seek to offer them support, and to make
their existence more pleasant.
Work
• Friedrich describes the Bar Mitzvah celebration in detail. Describe an occasion that you
celebrate. Explain its significance and the activities that take place.
• Alternatively, choose a celebration / festival from another culture or religion and research
its significance and the way in which it is celebrated. It would be a good idea to explain
your chosen celebration to the class.
If there is time, the class could work in groups to produce a detailed project of different celebrations
from one particular culture or religion. It would be useful if you could borrow items that relate to the
celebration. For example, a tallis (prayer shawl), a black hat and a long black coat would have
particular significance for the Jews.
The Encounter
The narrator tells us of Herr Schuster, the P.E. teacher who is very strict. He recalls how if anyone
disobeyed him he was ‘forced to do knee bends until he collapsed.’ (p. 85). In an attempt to
discipline the boys, he fills their briefcases with bricks and forces them to march whilst singing anti
- Jewish songs. The songs linked Jews with the ‘traitors’ who had ‘defrauded’ and ‘enslaved’ the
German nation. The rising of the German people was, Herr Schuster believes, brought about by
the birth of ‘a fuhrer’ who restored ‘hope and faith’ to the nation.
It is coincidence that during the march, the boys meet a class from the Jewish school. It is
Friedrich’s class. Herr Schuster sees Friedrich, a former pupil, and this stirs within him an urge to
express his hatred of the Jews, and his belief that the Germans are superior to the Jews. Referring
to them as ‘inferior Jews,’ he instructs the boys not to allow themselves to be ‘ridiculed.’ Herr
Schuster orders the boys to sing a song in which the Jews are referred to as ‘crooked’. It is ironic
that the song says that there will be peace when the ‘waves close over them [the Jews],’ as the
Jews appear peaceful here. It is the German hatred of the Jews that results in the unrest.
The narrator is invited to take part in the destruction of his friend’s house, but he chooses to ‘slink
downstairs.’ It is here that he meets his mother and they both begin to weep.
Work
In this chapter it is clear that the threat to the Jews, and those who support them is very real.
The narrator’s mother wants to call the police, but her son tells her ‘The police don’t do anything.
(p.94) Imagine that the narrator and his mother talk about what they can do to help the Schneiders.
Write out the conversation.
Points to consider
¾ The narrator’s family want to help their friends, but are risking their own safety in doing so.
¾ If the anti – Jewish supporters find out that the narrator’s family are helping their Jewish
neighbours, the narrator’s father may lose his job and his highly respected position in the
Jungvolk Party. They could not afford to support themselves if this happened.
¾ Frau Schneider is gravely ill. How can they send immediate assistance when the Schneiders’
house is occupied by Germans?
Work
Imagine that you are a journalist who is writing for the German newspaper Die Berliner Zeitung,
write a front page article breaking the news of the destruction of the Jewish homes. Remember that
as a German reporter, you must be seen to sympathize with the German ideals.
The Death
A doctor is called to treat Frau Schneider who is dying. The narrator’s family help the doctor by
allowing him to sterilize the needle, and lending the Schneiders their table lamp.
At the close of this chapter, we learn that ‘Herr Resch has given us [the Schneiders] notice.’
Realizing the seriousness of the situation, and fearing discovery, Herr Schneider pleads with the
narrator ‘Don’t give us away; otherwise, they’ll take even the little we have left.’ (p.103).
Work
‘I didn’t know this Friedrich at all.’
Describe what has happened for the narrator to feel this way. Consider the following points;
¾ The vandalism of Friedrich’s house, and the sadness that this causes the narrator and his
mother
¾ The Schneiders having to resort to mending lamps to earn a living – the increasing gap in
Friedrich’s and the narrator’s lifestyles
¾ The notice to quit that Herr Resch has given Friedrich and his father.
The Movie
Friedrich and the narrator go to the movies to watch a film called ‘Judd Suss’ (Sweet Jew).
Friedrich manages to get in to see the film, but on being asked for his identification card, he claims
that he has left it at home, as he knows that Jews are no longer allowed in the cinema. Trying to
hide his true identity, Friedrich pleads to be able to leave without any more fuss. The usherette
however, suspects that there is something wrong, and grabs Friedrich’s identity card.
Despite the embarrassment that the narrator felt as ‘everyone’s eyes followed us [them],’ (p.108),
he stands by Friedrich and tries to protect him. ‘We belong together,’ he tells the usherette. Even
when the usherette realizes that Friedrich is a Jew and leads him to the door, the narrator chooses
to leave the cinema too. It would have been so much easier and in keeping with current prejudice
to disown Friedrich, and stay in the cinema, but he doesn’t. The narrator shows that he is a loyal
friend, prepared to risk his own safety to help his friend.
Work
Imagine that you are Friedrich. Write a letter to Helga explaining the reasons why you can no
longer keep in touch with her.
The Rabbi
The narrator delivers a sack of potatoes to the Schneiders’ house. Scared of being found, they
refuse to open the door. Herr Schneider confides in the narrator that he ‘is upset […] I’m afraid. I’m
dying of fear!’ (p.115)
On learning that the Schneiders are hiding a Rabbi, the narrator is put under a colossal amount of
pressure. The Rabbi tells the narrator that his presence and the narrator’s knowledge, puts the
Schneiders at risk of being discovered. ‘I know […] what will happen to you if you don’t inform
against us,’ (p.117) the Rabbi warns the narrator.
The narrator is honest about the doubts that he has as he tells the Schneiders ‘I don’t know what to
do.’ The narrator questions where his loyalties lie. As he points out, it is not just his problem. ‘What
about my mother and father? [..] Might I endanger myself and them for the sake of a stranger?’
(p.117) This hesitation is not, I think, a sign that the narrator is deserting his friends. It is rather the
natural feeling of fear that anyone in the same position would feel.
Stars
Jews are forced to wear yellow stars so that they can be easily identified. They are no longer
allowed to leave their houses without permission.
Work
Friedrich is absent from the house at the time of the police raid, and has not been captured.
Imagine that after witnessing this event, the narrator’s family go back inside. The narrator’s mother
and father decide to rescue Friedrich, but the narrator has doubts. Write out the conversation that
follows.
Vultures
Friedrich returns home to find Herr Resch in the apartment and all the family’s possessions
stacked up ready for removal. This angers Friedrich, and he spits in Herr Resch’s face and
screams ‘vulture’ at him. It is sickening enough that Herr Resch informed on the Schneiders, but he
is not content with evicting them, he wants all their possessions too. The narrator calls to Friedrich,
but he does not hear. Friedrich leaves the house as Herr Resch shouts ‘Jew! – Stop him! Police!’
The Picture
The narrator’s family have packed their belongings and are ready to go in to the air-raid shelter
when Friedrich arrives at their apartment.
Realizing the danger that he faces, Friedrich refuses to disclose his hiding place even to his closest
friends. Whilst he is lucky to have escaped the arrests, Friedrich is not much better off. He
describes his hideout as being ‘terrible – so lonely.’ He is alone now, even the memories of his
mother and father are no longer able to offer him any comfort. He tells the narrator;
The End
Herr Resch steps out of the shelter to survey the damage. His self – centred attitude is obvious as
he picks up his garden gnome, which has its head missing His only concern is to find the missing
head and ‘glue it back on.’ (p.137).
Herr Resch’s lack of concern for Friedrich contrasts sharply with his attitude towards caring for his
gnome . His ‘mocking smile,’ when he thinks that Friedrich has fainted gives way to an
unspeakable act of anger as he ‘lifted his foot and kicked [Friedrich].’ (p.138) Far from feeling any
remorse for his actions, Herr Resch tells the narrator’s family that it was ‘His luck that he died this
way.’
‘If today, or tomorrow you should see Jews being mistreated, reflect on
one thing – Jews are human beings, human beings like us! (Herr
Neudorf’ p.63).
Are the Jews of Nazi Germany treated as human beings in the novel
Friedrich?
1. Do your research!
2. Plan your essay
4. Write it up neatly!
Now have a look at the format of an essay below and try to follow it in your own
essay
ESSAY PART 1 Write about how the jews are victimised in the novel.
(at least 3 paragraphs) Organise your thoughts into paragraphs and use
evidence to support your points.
ESSAY PART 2 Write about the support the jews are given in the
(at least 3 paragraphs) novel. Again, organise your thoughts into paragraphs
and use evidence to support your points.