UDAYANCAREI

NFORMATI
ONTECHNOLOGYPROGRAM

Gr
aphi
c&Pr
intDesi
gn

Gr
aphi
cdesi
gni
ng

Graphi
c design i
s a cr eat
ive process t hatreaches i
nto everyt
hing we do these
days—fr
om websi testoapplicat
ioni nt
erfacestoproductpackaging,thetal
ent
edhand
ofthegraphi
cdesignerisseenev erywhere.Itcanbear ewar
ding,chall
engi
ngcareer.

Howt
obecomeagoodGr
aphi
cDesi
gner
?

Fi
rstwehav
etounder
standt
hef
undament
alsofgr
aphi
cdesi
gn:
-

 Bef
orechoosi
nganar
eaofgr
aphi
cdesi
gn,y
ouhav
etomakesomedeci
sions
l
i
ke:
-ar
eyoui
nter
est
edi
nsket
chi
ng,
drawi
ngset
c.webdev
elopment
,mul
ti
medi
a,
pr
intdesi
gnet
c,t
hesecanal
lbeconsi
der
eddi
ff
erentf
ormsofgr
aphi
cdesi
gn.

 Goodcommandi
nuseoft
ool
s:-I
t’
snotj
ustt
obecomeanexper
tinpr
ogr
ams
l
i
kePhot
oshopandI
ll
ust
rat
or,buty
ouhav
etol
ear
nhow t
ouset
hesev
aluabl
e
t
ool
sinconj
unct
ionwi
thdev
elopi
ngamar
ket
abl
edesi
gnsense.

 Col
lectr
eadi
ngmat
eri
al:-Focusonbookst
hatt
eachdesi
gnf
undament
als,
then
st
udyast
hroughy
ouwer
etaki
ngacol
l
egecour
se,i
nst
eadofwor
kingf
ora
gr
ade,
howev
er,
yourr
ewar
dwi
l
lbeacar
eert
haty
oul
ove.

 I
nvol
vement
:-Geti
nvol
vedwi
tht
hedesi
gncommuni
ty,Keepy
ouregoi
ncheck
andt
aket
het
ipsser
iousl
y,i
t'
simpor
tantt
oseewhatot
herpeopl
ear
edoi
ngso
t
haty
ou'
reexposedt
omor
ethanj
ustoneort
wost
yles.Aswi
thanybusi
ness,
net
wor
kingi
simpor
tanti
ngr
aphi
cdesi
gn,especi
all
yify
oui
ntendt
ofr
eel
ance.
Makef
ri
ends,
keepi
ntouch,
bewi
l
li
ngt
olear
n,andy
oumi
ghtj
ustgetwor
koutof
i
t.

Secondwehav
etodev
elopourst
yle:
-

 Dowhat
every
oul
i
ke,i
fyoul
ovet
omakedesi
gnswi
thuseoff
lor
idscr
iptand
 br
ightcol
ors,f
ocusont
hat
.Ify
oul
ovet
hatst
yle,f
ocusondev
elopi
ngt
hatdesi
gn
sense.I
fyourpassi
on i
sfort
he cl
ean,wel
lbal
anced l
i
ne,wi
th si
mpl
e col
or
schemesandpower
ful
graphi
csmakei
tyourown.

 Readgr
aphi
cdesi
gnbooks,t
heycanber
eal
l
yhel
pfulandwi
l
lspeedupt
he
pr
ocessofy
oureducat
ion.

 Huntdownanddev
ourt
hedesi
gnsf
eat
uredi
nnewspaper
,magazi
nes,I
nter
net
andany
wher
eel
sey
ouspotgr
aphi
cdesi
gn,Al
way
sdr
aw i
nspi
rat
ionandor
igi
nal
concept
swi
thusi
ngofy
ourowncr
eat
ivi
ty.

 Resear
chaboutf
ont
s.

 Al
way
sst
artwi
thr
esear
chbef
oremaki
nganydesi
gn,whet
heri
t'
sat
-shi
rt
,a
pamphl
et,af
oodl
abel
,apost
car
d,orapost
er,col
l
ectany
thi
ngandev
ery
thi
ngt
hat
exci
tesandi
nspi
resy
ou.

 Redesi
gnot
herpeopl
e'
swor
kaf
terseeat
err
ibl
edesi
gnsomewher
e.

 Cr
eat
eapor
tfol
i
o.

Cr
ispt
ipst
obecomeagoodgr
aphi
cdesi
gner
:-

 Al
way
sremembert
hatcr
eat
ivi
tyi
sthebestdesi
gnt
ool
youhav
e.

 Nodesi
gnappeal
stoev
ery
one,
sor
esear
chwhaty
ourt
argetmar
keti
sli
kel
yto
f
indappeal
i
ng.

 Usedi
ff
erentt
ypesofsof
twar
e.

 Vi
sual
l
yexpl
orer
efr
eshi
ngi
deas,
andr
eint
erpr
etexi
sti
ngst
yles.

Pr
inci
plesofdesi
gns

Pr
inci
pleofdesi
gnshel
psdesi
gner
stoor
gani
zet
hei
magesandt
ypeont
hepage,so
t
hati
tfeel
smor
ecomf
ort
abl
etov
iewer
sandmakesagr
eat
eri
mpact
.

1. Bal
ance:-Bal
ancei
sanequaldi
str
ibut
ionofwei
ght
.Int
ermsofgr
aphi
cs,t
his
appl
i
est
ovi
sualwei
ght
.Eachel
ementonal
ayouthasv
isualwei
ghtt
hati
sdet
ermi
ned
byi
tssi
ze,
dar
knessorl
i
ght
ness,
andt
hicknessofl
i
nes.Bal
ancei
svi
talt
othesuccess
ofadesi
gn.

Ther
ear
etwomai
nty
pesofbal
ance:
-

A} Sy
mmet
ri
calBal
ance:-Sy
mmet
ri
calbal
ancei
sanar
rangementofel
ement
sso
t
hatt
heyar
eev
enl
ydi
str
ibut
edt
othel
eftandt
other
ight
,ort
opandbot
tom ofcent
er.

B} Asy
mmet
ri
calBal
ance:-Asy
mmet
ri
calbal
ancei
sanar
rangementofunl
i
ke
obj
ect
sofequalwei
ghtoneachsi
deoft
hepage.Col
or,v
alue,si
ze,shape,andt
ext
ure
canbeusedasbal
anci
ngel
ement
s.

2. Pr
oxi
mit
y:-Thebasi
cpur
poseofpr
oxi
mit
yist
oor
gani
ze.Bysi
mpl
ygr
oupi
ng
r
elat
edel
ement
stoget
heri
ntocl
oserpr
oxi
mit
yaut
omat
ical
l
ycr
eat
esor
gani
zat
ion.I
f
t
he i
nfor
mat
ion i
s or
gani
zed,i
tis mor
eli
kel
yto be r
ead and mor
eli
kel
yto be
r
emember
ed.

El
ement
sofDesi
gns

Wr
ong Ri
ght

3. Al
ignment
:-Thebasi
cpur
poseofal
i
gnmenti
stouni
fyandor
gani
zet
hepage.

 Beconsci
ousofwher
eyoupl
acet
heel
ement
s(l
i
ne,
image,
type)

 Al
way
sfi
ndsomet
hingel
seont
hepaget
oal
i
gnwi
th,
eveni
fthet
woobj
ect
sar
e
 phy
sical
l
yfarawayf
rom eachot
her
.

 Av
oidusi
ngmor
ethanonet
extal
i
gnmentont
hepage(
thati
s,don'
tcent
ersome
t
extandr
ight
-al
i
gnot
hert
ext
).

Acr ossRajpathi nCent ral Acr ossRaj pathinCent ral

Del hiattheeast ernendi s Del hiatt heeast er nend
l
ai dahuge  archway  
that i
s l
aid a
i
smadeofst oneandi sa huge  archway  
that i
s
pridet hatr
esembl es madeofst oneandi sa
victory.Themonumenti s pride t hat r esembles
raisedt oahei ghtof42 victory.
Themonumenti s
met er
sandi sf ormer l
y raisedt oahei ghtof42
knownasI ndiaGat e. met er
s and i sf ormerly
knownasI ndiaGat e.

4. Repet
it
ion:-ThePr
inci
pleofRepet
it
ionst
ates,"
Repeatsomeaspectoft
he
desi
gnt
hroughoutt
heent
ir
epi
ece.
"Ther
epet
it
iveel
ementmaybeabol
dfont
,at
hick
l
i
ne,acer
tai
nbul
l
et,col
or,desi
gnel
ement
,par
ti
cul
arf
ormat
,spat
ialr
elat
ionshi
p,et
c.I
t
canbeany
thi
ngt
hatar
eaderwi
l
lvi
sual
l
yrecogni
zeasbei
nga“
theme.
”Repet
it
ioncan
bet
houghtofasconsi
stency-i
tisaconsci
ousef
for
ttouni
fyal
lpar
tsofadesi
gn.

5. Cont
rast
:-Cont
rasti
sthemostef
fect
ivewayt
oaddv
isuali
nter
estt
oyourpage.
Addcont
rastt
hroughy
ourt
ypef
acechoi
ces,l
i
net
hicknesses,col
ors,shapes,si
zes,
space,
etc.ThePr
inci
pleofCont
rastst
ates,
"Ift
woi
temsar
enotexact
lyt
hesame,
then
maket
hem di
ff
erent
.Real
l
ydi
ff
erent
."

El
ement
sofDesi
gns

TheEl
ement
sofGoodGr
aphi
cDesi
gnar
ethecomponent
sorpar
tsofawor
kofar
tor
desi
gn.Mor
esi
mpl
yput
,theyar
ethei
ngr
edi
ent
sofar
t.

1.Li
ne:-Li
nes,
ingr
aphi
cdesi
gn,
canbeusedf
orawi
der
angeofpur
poses:st
ressi
ng
awor
dorphr
ase,
connect
ingcont
ent
,cr
eat
ingpat
ter
nsandmor
e.

2.Text
ure:-Text
urer
elat
est
othesur
faceofanobj
ect
.Usi
ngt
ext
urei
ngr
aphi
c
desi
gnaddsdept
handv
isuali
nter
est
.Thi
scanbeappl
i
edgr
aphi
cal
l
yint
hef
orm of
pat
ter
nort
hrought
hechoi
ceofpr
int
abl
esur
face.

3.Col
or:-Col
ori
sused t
o gener
ate emot
ions,def
inei
mpor
tance,cr
eat
evi
sual
 i
nter
estanduni
fybr
andi
ng.SeeourpostonCol
orPsy
chol
ogyf
ormor
edet
ail
.

4.Si
ze:-I
ngr
aphi
cdesi
gn,si
zei
susedt
oconv
eyi
mpor
tance,at
tractat
tent
ionand
cr
eat
econt
rast
.

5.Shape:-Thet
hreebasi
cshapet
ypesar
eGeomet
ri
c(Ci
rcl
es,Squar
es,Tr
iangl
es
et
c.)
,Nat
ural(
leav
es,t
rees,peopl
e et
c.)and abst
ract(
icons,st
yli
zat
ions and
gr
aphi
crepr
esent
ati
ons)
.Usecar
eful
l
ytocr
eat
eav
isual
l
ypl
easi
ngdesi
gnandey
e-
cat
chi
ngdesi
gn.

6.Val
ue:-Val
uei
showl
i
ghtordar
kanar
eal
ooksi
nadesi
gn.I
tisev
ery
thi
ngf
rom t
he
dar
kestofbl
ackst
hrought
othebr
ight
estofwhi
tes.Usedcor
rect
lyi
twi
l
lcr
eat
e
dept
h,cont
rastandemphasi
s.

7. Space:-Av
italpar
tofanygoodgr
aphi
cdesi
gn,Spacei
sthear
eaar
oundt
he
el
ement
sinadesi
gn.I
tcanbeusedt
osepar
ateorgr
oupi
nfor
mat
ion.Usei
t
ef
fect
ivel
ytogi
vet
heey
ear
est
,def
inei
mpor
tanceandl
eadt
heey
etowher
eyou
wanti
ttot
rav
el.

Col
ort
heor
y

Col
ordef
ini
ti
ons:
-

 Huei
sanot
herwor
dforcol
or=ct
rl
+U

 Chr
omai
sthei
ntensi
tyorpur
it
yofcol
or.

 Ti
nti
sacol
ormi
xedwi
thwhi
te.

 Tonei
sacol
ormi
xedwi
thgr
ay.

 Shadei
sacol
ormi
xedwi
thbl
ack.

Col
orwheel
s:-

 Anal
oguescol
orsar
egr
oupoft
hreecol
orst
hatar
enextt
oeachot
heront
he
col
orwheel
,wi
thonebei
ngt
hedomi
nantcol
or,whi
cht
endst
obeapr
imar
yor
 secondar
ycol
or,
andoneonei
thersi
deoft
hecol
or.

Red–or
ange

Red–v
iol
etar
etheexampl
es

 Compl
ement
arycol
orsar
eopposi
teont
hewheelandpr
ovi
deshi
ghcont
rast–i
f
y
ouwantt
obenot
icedwearcompl
i
ment
arycol
ors.

Redandgr
eenar
eexampl
e

 War
m col
ors:-war
m col
orsar
efoundont
her
ightsi
deoft
hecol
orwheel
.They
ar
ecol
orsf
oundi
nthef
ir
eandsun.

 Theymakeobj
ect
slookcl
oseri
napai
nti
ngordr
awi
ng.

 Red,
orangeandy
ell
owar
etheexampl
e.

 Coolcol
ors:
-coolcol
orsar
efoundont
hel
eftsi
deoft
hewheel
,foundi
nsnow
andi
ceandt
endst
orecedei
nacomposi
ti
on.

 Vi
oletandbl
ue,
green,
(pur
ple)exampl
e.

 Col
ori
ndesi
gn:
-

 Label
orshowhi
erar
chy

 Usecol
ort
orepr
esentori
mit
ater
eal
i
ty.

 Touni
fy,
separ
ate,
oremphasi
ze

 Todecor
ate

 Toconsi
stent
ly

 Col
orofemot
ions

 Red:
-of
ten associ
ated wi
th ev
il
,danger
,ener
gy, v
ital
i
ty,speed and
cour
age.I
tisdy
nami
cwhenusedi
nadesi
gn.
  Bl
ue:
-A cal
m,smoot
hing,andt
ranqui
lcol
orhar
monyandser
eni
ty,of
di
vi
nei
nspi
rat
ionsomet
imesassoci
atedwi
thsadnessordepr
essi
on.

 Yel
low-Acheer
ycol
ort
hatembodi
esl
i
ghtandwar
mth.I
sthecol
oroft
he
mi
nd.Acr
eat
iveener
gywhi
chi
sjoy
ful
andupl
i
fti
ng.

 Bl
ack:
-Associ
atedwi
thbadl
uck,
mour
nful
,st
arkdr
amat
ic.

 Pur
ple:
-A sy
mbolofr
oyal
tyorweal
thandst
andsf
ort
hepur
estand
hi
ghesti
deal
.Issophi
sti
cat
edandcr
eat
ive.

 Gr
een-Si
gni
fi
esl
i
feorhopei
snat
ure’
smostabundantcol
or.I
tist
he
bal
anceb/
wwar
m andcool
andt
hesy
mbol
off
ri
endshi
p.

 Or
ange-bl
endswi
tht
hephy
sical
ener
gyofr
ed(
wit
hphy
sical
ener
gyofr
ed)
wi
tht
hei
ntel
l
ect
ual
inf
luenceofy
ell
ow.

 Whi
te-Sy
mbol
i
zespur
it
y,t
rut
h,i
nnocencel
i
ght
.

Fi
lef
ormat
s

 Jpeg/
jpg-(
Joi
ntPhot
ogr
aphi
cExpor
tsGr
oup)

 I
tisal
ousycompr
essi
ont
echni
quewhi
chmeans,
somei
nfoi
slostwhi
l
e
dur
ingcompr
essi
on.

 Fi
l
esi
zecanber
educedupt
o5%oft
heact
ualsi
zewi
tht
hel
ossofsome
det
ail
s.

 Most
lyusedf
orst
ori
ngandsendi
ngphot
ogr
aphsont
hei
nter
net
.

 Fi
l
eext
ensi
onsofJoi
ntphot
ogr
aphi
cexpor
tsgr
oupar
ejpegg,
jpg,j
fi
f,j
pe,
j
i
f.

 Jpeg f
il
es ar
e bad f
orl
i
ne dr
awi
ngs orl
ogos orgr
aphi
cs,as t
he
compr
essi
on makes t
hem l
ook,“
bit
mappy
”(Jagged l
i
nes i
nst
ead of
st
rai
ght
)
  GI
F-(
Graphi
cInt
erchar
ge,
for
mat
)

 Compr
essedt
hei
magebutl
ossl
ess.

 Ext
remel
yli
mit
edcol
orr
ange,
sui
tabl
e,f
ort
hewebbutnotf
orpr
int
ing.

 Nev
erusedf
orphot
ogr
aphy
,butf
orani
mat
ions.

 PNG-(
Por
tabl
eNet
wor
kGr
aphi
cs)

 I
tal
l
owsf
oraf
ull
rangeofcol
orandbet
tercompr
essi
on.

 I
twascr
eat
edasanopenf
ormatt
orepl
aceGI
F,t
oav
oidl
i
censef
ee.

 I
t’
susedal
mostexcl
usi
vel
yforwebi
mages,
nev
erf
orpr
inti
mage.

 I
tcr
eat
esl
argerf
il
ethanofj
pegdonotbet
tert
hanj
pegbutf
ori
mages
wi
tht
ext
,orl
i
near
t,i
tsbet
ter
,becauset
hei
magel
ookl
ess“
bit
mappy
”

 TI
FF/
TIF-(
TaggedI
mageFi
l
eFor
mat
)

 TI
FFi
magescr
eat
esv
eryl
argef
il
esi
ze.

 TI
FFi
magescr
eat
esv
eryl
argef
il
esi
ze.

 TI
FFi
magesar
euncompr
essedandt
huscont
ainal
otofdet
ail
edi
mage
dat
a.

 Theyar
eext
remel
yfl
exi
blei
nter
msofcol
ors,andcont
ent(
lay
er,i
mage
t
ags)

 Commonl
yusedi
nPhot
oshop.

 EPS-(
Encapsul
atedPostScr
ipt
)

Pi
xel
s:-Thewor
d“pi
xel
”meansapi
ctur
eel
ement
.Ev
eryphot
ogr
aph,
indi
git
alf
orms,
is
madeupofpi
xel
s.Theyar
ethesmal
l
estuni
tofi
nfor
mat
iont
hatmakesupapi
ctur
e.
Resol
uti
on:-Resol
uti
on i
sthe numberofpi
xel
scont
ained on a di
spl
aymoni
tor
,
expr
essedi
nter
msoft
henumberofpi
xel
sont
hehor
izont
alaxi
sandt
henumberont
he
v
ert
ical
axi
s.
Bal
ance:-
Desi
gnsi
nbal
ancehav
ethei
rpar
tsar
rangementpl
anned,
keepi
ngacoher
ent
v
isual
pat
ter
n(col
or,
shape,
space)
.
Emphasi
s:-Maki
ngaspeci
fi
cel
ementst
andoutordr
awat
tent
iont
otheey
e.Emphasi
s
canbeachi
evedi
ngr
aphi
cdesi
gnbypl
aci
ngel
ement
sont
hepagei
nposi
ti
onswher
e
t
heey
eisnat
ural
l
ydr
awn,byusi
ngot
herpr
inci
plessuchascont
rast
,repet
it
ion,or
mov
ement
.
Pr
opor
ti
on:-Thi
sindi
cat
est
her
elat
ivev
isualsi
zeandwei
ghtofpar
ti
cul
argr
aphi
cal
el
ement
sinadesi
gncomposi
ti
on.

Whati
sPhot
oshop?

Ans. Phot oshop i

si mage editi
ng soft
ware devel
oped by Adobe.Phot
oshop is
consideredoneoftheleadersinphotoedit
ingsoft
ware.Thesoft
wareall
owsusersto
manipulate,cr
op,r
esi
ze,andcorrectcol
orondigi
tal
photos.Thi
ssoft
warei
spart
icul
arl
y
usefulforprof
essi
onalphot
ographersandgraphi
cdesi
gners.

Dev
elopedby
: 
Adobe

I
nit
ialr
eleasedat
e: 
19Febr
uar
y1990

St
abl
erel
ease:
 2021(
22.
4.3)
Q.
2 Whati
stheext
ensi
onnameofPhot
oshop?

Ans. Theext
ensi
onnameofPhot
oshopi
s.psd