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9
Mathematics
Quarter 4,Wk. 7

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Math- Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4,Wk. 7
First Edition, 2020

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Mathematics
Quarter 4,Wk. 7, Module 7 – Law of
Cosines

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities.
We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education
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Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
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 Table of Contents

What This Module is About........................................................................................................................i

What I Need to Know...................................................................................................................................ii
How to Learn from this Module................................................................................................................ii
Icons of this Module....................................................................................................................................iii

What I Know.................................................................................................................................................iii

Lesson 1:
Law of Cosines..................................................................................................................................1
What I Need to Know......................................................................................................1
What I Know......................................................................................................................1-2
What’s New........................................................................................................................2-3
What Is It.............................................................................................................................4-7
What’s More......................................................................................................................7-9

What I Have Learned......................................................................................................9-10

What I Can Do..................................................................................................................10

Summary
Assessment: (Post-Test)
Key to Answers........................................................................................................................................12-13
References.................................................................................................................................................14
This page is intentionally blank
What This Module is About
What I Need to Know
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
Knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

II
 Pre-Assessment

Let us find out how much you have already learned about this module. Answer the following problems as much
as you can by writing on your answer sheet the letter or word that you think is the correct answer.

1. Which of the following statements is true about Law of Cosines?

i. The Law of Cosine sate that square of the length of one side is equal to the sum of the squares
of the other two sides minus the product of twice the two sides and the cosines of the angle
between them.
ii. The Law of Cosines can be used if the measures of the two sides and the included angle are
given.
iii. The Law of Cosines can be used if the measures of all sides are given.
iv. The Law of Cosines can also be applied in solving problems about Right Triangles.

a. i,ii,iii only b. i and ii only c. iii and iv only d. all of the above

2. Obtuse triangles and acute triangles are classified as oblique triangles. True or False?

3. An oblique triangle is a triangle that contains one right angle. True or False/

4. Marissa is walking through a level path toward a hill. The measure of the angle of elevation to the peak
of a hill from one point is 38. From another point 1200ft. closer, the angle of elevation is 42. How high
the hill?
a. 758ft. b. 380ft c. 1501ft d. 1080ft

5. XYZ is a non-right triangle. If XY measures 20cm, XZ measures 15cm and Z measures 35 ⁰, what is
the measure of Y?
a. 25.84⁰ b. 24.85⁰ c. 25.48 d. 24.58⁰

6. Which of the following triangles is not an oblique triangle?

a. b.
40°
45°

35° 45°

c. d.

65°

30° 60°

a. A b. B c. C d. D

7. In the triangle below, solve for the measurement of side d. Round off your answer
up to 2 decimal places.
12
A D
40⁰
50⁰

d=?

M
 a. 8.71 b. 12.53 c. 7.71 d. 22.58

8. A triangular parcel of land D, B, M was to be fenced. No data for the length of

sides DB and BM are available as shown in the figure below. Determine the
perimeter of the entire triangular lot.

52
⁰ 15 m

83° 40°
B M

a. 30.6m b. 59.4m c. 27.51m d. 37.6m

9. Referring to the triangle below, find the measurement of A applying Law of

Cosine.

14
12
3

A
24

a. 21⁰ b. 24⁰ c. 31⁰ d. 15⁰

10. A portion of land is triangular and has sides 60ft, 50ft and 38ft. what are
measures of the angles between the sides? Express your answer to the nearest
degree.
a. 43.1⁰, 51.2⁰ and 85.7⁰ b. 39.1⁰, 56.1⁰ and 84.8⁰
b. 62.3⁰, 32.5⁰, and 85.2⁰ d. 35.1⁰, 65.1⁰ and 79.8⁰
 This page is intentionally blank

Lesson

1 Law of Cosines

What I Need to Know

In this lesson, you will learn that oblique triangles can also be solved using the Law
of Cosines.

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to illustrate the Law of Cosines and its
different cases and apply it in real-life situations.

What I Know

Activity 1: Complete Me!

1
 Solve the missing parts of an oblique triangle. Show all your solutions. Round
off your answers to two decimal places. X

1.
A 2. 114 °
y
z=43
c b

58°
Y x = 58 Z
BC

A = _______________ X = _______________
B = _______________ Y = _______________
C = _______________ Z = _______________
a = _______________ x = _______________
b = _______________ y = _______________
c = _______________ z = _______________

Guide Questions:
1. How did you complete the values of each oblique triangles?
2. What are the mathematical concepts did you use to solve the problem?
3. Have you encountered any difficulties in solving the problems? If yes, what are your plans
to overcome these?

In Activity 1, you were able to solve the missing parts of an oblique triangle using the Law
of Sines and theorem on the sum of the measures of interior angles. And also, the
problems in the activity 1 are the cases that can be solved using the Law of Sines.

Recall: Law of Sines

A
sinA sinB sinC a b c
In any ∆ ABC , = = or = = .
a b c sinA sinB sinC

c b

BC

These are the following cases that can be solved Using Law of Sines.
1. SAA Case - Given two angles and one side of an oblique triangle.
2. ASA Case – Given two angles and one included side of an oblique triangle.
3. SSA Case - Given two sides and one angle not included of an oblique triangle.

In the next section, you will explore on the use of Law of Cosines in solving oblique triangle
and identify the following cases that it can be used.
 2
What’s New

LAW OF COSINES
In symbols, A

¿ any ∆ ABC ,

a 2=b2 +c 2−2 bc (CosA )

c b
b 2=a2 +c 2−2 ac ( CosB )
2 2 2
c =a + b −2 ab (CosC)

BaC

Above is the formula of Law of Cosines.

In this Activity, you will solve the missing parts of an oblique triangle.

Activity 2: Complete Me!

Complete the missing parts of a triangle. Show your solutions. Round off the final answer to two decimal
places.

Worked Examples : Your Tasks:

Let us use ∆ ABC to illustrate the Law of
Cosines.
1. 1.
A
A
c = 10 b c=5 b
60 ° 60 °
B a= 7 C
B a= 14 C
Given: Two sides and the included angle. Given: ____________________________________
c= 10, a= 14, B= 60 ° __________________________________________

Solutions: Solutions:
To solve for b,
b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac(cos B)
b2 = 142 + 102 -2(14)(10)(cos 60)
b2 = 196 + 100 – 140
b2 = 156
b = √ 156
b = 12.49

To solve for A,

Cos A =
b2 +c 2−a 2
2 bc
12.492+10 2−142
=
2(12.49)(10)
156+100−196
=
249.8
60
=
249.8
A = 76.10

To solve for C,
mmmC = 180
76.10 + 60 + mC = 180
mC = 180 – 136.10
mC = 43.9⁰
2. 2.
B C
26
c a=8 14 110⁰

B A
A 78⁰
C
b = 12

Given: Two sides and one included angle.

a = 8, b = 12, C = 78⁰

Solutions:
To solve c,
c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab(cos C)
c2 = 82 + 122 – 2(8)(12)(cos 78)
c2 = 642 + 1442 – 39.92
c2 = 168.08
c = √ 168.08
c = 12.96

To solve for B,
2 2 2
Cos B =
a +c −b
2 ac
8 +12.962−122
2
Cos B =
2(8)(12.96)
64+167.96−144
Cos B =
207.36
87.96
Cos B =
207.36
B = 64.9⁰

To solve for A,
mmmC = 180
m
m
m⁰
 3. B 3. B

c = 12
a = 10 7
6

A C A
C
b = 15 8
Given : Three sides
a = 10, b = 15 and c =12

Solutions:
To solve for A,

Cos A =
b2 +c 2−b 2
2 bc
15 + 122−102
2
Cos A =
2(15)(12)
225+144−100
Cos A =
432
269
Cos A =
432
A = 51.49⁰

To solve for B,
2 2 2
Cos B =
a +c −b
2 ac
2 2 2
10 + 12 −15
Cos B =
2(10)(12)
100+144−225
Cos B =
240
19
Cos B =
240
B = 85.46⁰

To solve for C,
mmmC = 180
51.49 + 85.46 + mC = 180
mC = 180 – 136.96
mC = 43.05⁰

Guide Questions:
1. How did you solve the problems?
2. What are the conditions that we can use Law of Cosines in finding the missing parts of an oblique triangle?
3. Have you encountered any difficulties in solving the missing parts of the oblique triangles? If yes, what are
your plans to overcome these?

In Activity 2, you have tried to solve the missing parts of an oblique triangles using Law of Cosines. Let me ask
you, how will you apply Law of Cosines in solving real-life problems? What essential conditions are needed to
satisfy in order to apply the Law? In the next section, let us now deepen your understanding on the use of Law
of Cosines in finding the missing parts and how to apply it in real-life situations.
 What Is It

The Law of Cosines states that the square of one side of a triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of the other
two sides minus twice the product of these two sides and the cosine of their included angle.

In symbols,

Law of Cosines

In any ABC, C

a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc (cos A) a b

b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac (cos B)
B c A
c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab (cos C)

The Law of Cosines is used in the following situations:

• Two sides and the included angle are known
• Three sides are known

If the third form of the Law of Cosines is solved for Cos C, it yields an expression for cos C in terms of a, b, and
c, the three sides of the triangle:
4

Cos C =
a2 +b2 −c 2
2 ab

Cos A =
b2 +c 2−a 2
2 bc

Cos B =
a2 +c 2−b 2
2 ac

If the lengths of all three sides are given, you can find two of the missing angle measures by applying this form
of the Law of Cosines twice. The third angle can be found by using the fact that the sum of the measures of the
angles of a triangle is 180.

Illustrative Example:
1. Solve for the missing parts of the oblique triangle. Let us use ABC to illustrate the Law of Cosines.
C

b = 12 80⁰ a=8

A B

Given: two sides and the included angle

a = 8, b = 12 and C = 80

Solutions:
To solve for c,
c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab(cos C)
c2 = 82 + 122 – 2(8)(12)(cos C)
 c2 = 642 + 1442 – 192(0.1736)
c2 = 208 + 33.3312
c2 = 174.6688
c = √ 174.6688
c = 13.22

To determine the measure of 

b2 +c 2−a 2
Cos A =
2 bc

122+13.222−82
Cos A =
2(12)(13.22)

144+174.77−64
Cos A =
317.28

254.77
Cos A =
317.28
A = 36.58⁰

Since the measure of  C is given and the measure of A is now known, the measure of B can be computed
using equation  C = 180

 C = 180
36.58 + 

⁰

The triangle with its complete parts is shown

C
80°
b = 12
a=8

36.61° 63.39°
A
c = 13.22

2. Determine the missing parts of ABC.

Illustrative Example 2:

Given: three sides

a = 15, b = 10, c =20 A

c = 20
b = 10

B
C a = 15
Solutions:
To solve for A,

Cos A =
b2 +c 2−a 2
2 bc
2 2 2
10 + 20 −15
Cos A =
2( 10)(20)

100+400−225
Cos A =
400

275
Cos A =
400
A = 46.57⁰

Using the formula cos B =

a2 +c 2−b 2 and following the steps used above, let’s find the measure of 
2 ac

a2 +c 2−b 2
Cos B =
2 ac
15 + 202−102
2
Cos B =
2( 15)(20)
225+400−100
Cos B =
600
525
Cos B =
600
B = 28.96⁰

Since two angles are already known, substitute their values in the equation C = 180 to solve for
C.
C = 180
C = 180 – 75.53
C = 104.47⁰

Below is the triangle with its complete parts.



c = 20
b = 10
104.47°

C 15 B=28.96 

Now you have learned the conditions when to use the Law of Cosines in finding the missing parts of an oblique
triangle. In the next section, you will answer more problems that uses Law of Cosines.

What’s More
 Your goal here is to apply the Law of Cosines in solving oblique triangles.

7
Activity 3: Practice Makes Perfect
Solve each triangle. (If answers are not exact, round off to the nearest hundredth).

1. C

108°
B 9 A

2.

A B

4 120° 4

3.
C

7 3

A 8 B

3. A

130°
8 5

B C

Questions:
1. Were you able to solve the given triangles? How?
2. In the given triangles, what are the cases involved?
3. Explain how you applied the cases in solving the problems.

Your goal at this point is to create a short story using the concept you have learned.
Activity 4: Sketch Me If You Can
Draw the triangle that best describes each of the situations given below. Label the given parts.

1.In ∆PQR, PQ is 7 cm long, QR is 5 cm, and the angle between them measures 52°.
2. XYZ is an isosceles triangle. Its vertex angle Y measures 35° and each leg is 8 cm long.
3. In ∆ABC, AB is 15 cm long, BC is 4 cm long and makes an angle measuring 138° with AB.
4.In ∆ABC, all sides measure 10 cm
5.∆PQR is isosceles. ∠Q is the vertex angle and it measures 55° and one leg is 7 cm long.

Guide Questions:
1. How do you find Activity 2?
2. What should you keep in mind if you are to draw the diagrams yourself? Why?

You are now ready to take the evaluation and assess what you have learned in this lesson.

What I Have Learned

Activity 5: Yes I Can!

A. Write an equation to solve for the indicated side. Do not solve the equation.
B
1.
a=?
10

C
A 6
2. R

10 12

Q P=?
22

B. Solve for the length of the missing side of each triangle. Round the answer to two decimal places.

1. D = 110, e = 13, f = 23, d = ?

2. M = 108, b = 8, a = 18, m =?

C. Solve for each triangle using a specific measure of an angle. Round your answer to the nearest degree.

1. m = 9, n = 12, p = 15, M = ?
2. x = 14, y = 18, z = 25, Y = ?

D. Find all the missing parts of the triangle ABC, given,

C = 35, a = 20 and b = 18
 Being able to illustrate a problem through diagrams will help you connect with the problem which will
make solving easier. The previous activity provided you this skill. In the next activity, illustrations based
on real-life situations are already provided. You task is to apply the Law of Cosines to solve the problems.

9
What I Can Do

Activity 6: Find Me Please

Below are sketches depicting real-life situations. Your task is to find the missing part indicated in each sketch.

Questions:
1. How did you solve the problem in situation 1? In situation2?
2. Did the illustrations help you in solving the given triangles? How did they help you?

SUMMARY:
This lesson deals with solving word problems involving oblique triangles by using the Law of Cosines.
Different activities regarding this concept are given to ensure that students can apply the concept in solving
problem situations in real life. Through the given activities, students will have opportunities to develop their
critical thinking skills which play a vital role in solving problems we encounter in the real world.

Assessment: (Post-Test)
Let us find out how much you have learned in this module. Answer the following problems by writing on your
answer sheet the letter or word that you think is the correct answer.

1. Which of the following statements is true about Law of Cosines?

 i. The Law of Cosine sate that square of the length of one side is equal to the sum of the squares
of the other two sides minus the product of twice the two sides and the cosines of the angle
between them.
ii. The Law of Cosines can be used if the measures of the two sides and the included angle are
given.
iii. The Law of Cosines can be used if the measures of all sides are given.
iv. The Law of Cosines can also be applied in solving problems about Right Triangles.

a. i,ii,iii only b. i and ii only c. iii and iv only d. all of the above

2. Obtuse triangles and acute triangles are classified as oblique triangles. True or False?

3. An oblique triangle is a triangle that contains one right angle. True or False?

4. Marissa is walking through a level path toward a hill. The measure of the angle of elevation to the peak
of a hill from one point is 38. From another point 1200ft. closer, the angle of elevation is 42. How high
the hill?
a. 758ft. b. 380ft c. 1501ft d. 1080ft

5. ∆XYZ is a non-right triangle. IF XY measures 20cm, XZ measures 15cm and Z measures 35 ⁰, what is
the measure of Y?
a. 25.84⁰ b. 24.85⁰ c. 25.48⁰ d. 24.58⁰

6. Which of the following triangles is not an oblique triangle?

a. b.
40°
45°

35° 45°

c. d.

65°

30° 60°

a. A b. B c. C d. D

7. In the triangle below, solve for the measurement of side d. Round off your answer
up to 2 decimal places.
12
A D
40⁰
50⁰

d=?

a. 8.71 b. 12.53 c. 7.71 d. 22.58

8. A triangular parcel of land D, B, M was to be fenced. No data for the length of

sides DB and BM are available as shown in the figure below. Determine the
perimeter of the entire triangular lot.

52
⁰ 15 m
 83° 40°
B M

a. 30.6m b. 59.4m c. 27.51m d. 37.6m

9. Referring to the triangle below, find the measurement of A applying Law of

Cosine.

14
12
3

A
24

a. 21⁰ b. 24⁰ c. 31⁰ d. 15⁰

10. A portion of land is triangular and has sides 60ft, 50ft and 38ft. what are
measures of the angles between the sides? Express your answer to the nearest
degree.
a. 43.1⁰, 51.2⁰ and 85.7 ⁰ b. 39.1⁰, 56.1⁰ and 84.8⁰
c. 62.3⁰, 32.5⁰, and 85.2⁰ d. 35.1⁰, 65.1⁰ and 79.8⁰

Key to Answers

Pre- Test and Post Test

1.a
2. True
3. False
4. d
5. c
6. b
7. c
8. d
9. a
10. b

Activity 1. Complete Me

1. A= 50⁰
B= 72⁰
C= 58⁰
a=65
b= 80.7
c= 72
 2. X= 114⁰
Y= 23. 37⁰
Z= 42.63⁰
x= 58
y= 25.18
z= 43

Activity 2: You Complete Me Too

1. To solve for b:

b2 = a2 + 2c -2ac(cosB)
b2 = 72 + 52 - 2(7)(5)(cos60⁰)
b2= 39
b= 6.25

To solve for A:

Cos A =
b2 +c 2−a 2
2 bc
2 2 2
6.25 + 25 −49
Cos A =
2(6.25)(5)

CosA = 0.241
A= 76.05⁰

To solve for C:

A+ B+ C= 180

76.05 + 60 + C= 180
C= 180 – 136.05
C= 43. 95⁰

2.

To solve for c:

c2 = a2 +b 2 -2ab(cosC)

c2 =142 +26 2 -2(14)(26)(cosC)

c2 = 872- (-248.99)

c2 = 1120.99
c= 33.48
To solve for A:

2 2 2
Cos A =
b +c −a
2 bc
2 2 2
26 +33.48 −14
Cos A =
2(26)(33.48)
1600.9104
Cos A =
1740.96
Cos A= 0.919556107
A= 23.14⁰

To solve for B:
A+ B+ C= 180
 23.14+ B + 110= 180
 B= 180- 133.14
 B= 46.86⁰
3.
A= 78.58⁰
B= 75.52⁰
C= 28.9⁰

Activity 3: Practice Makes Perfect

108°
B A

To solve for a:

a2 = b2 +c 2 -2bc(cosA)

a2 = 32 + 92 -2(3)(9)(cos108)

a2 = 9+81-54cos108

a2 = 106.6869177

a= 10.33

To solve for B:

2 2 2
Cos B=
a +c −b
2 ac

10.332+ 92−32
Cos B =
2(10.33)(9)

106.71+ 81−9
Cos B =
185.94

178.71
Cos B =
185.94

B= 16.03⁰

To solve for C:
A+ B+ C= 180
108+16.03+ C= 180
 C= 180- 124.03
 C= 55.97

Activity 4: Sketch Me If You Can

1.

7 52⁰ 5

P R

2. Y

35⁰
8 8

X Z

3.
B
15 138⁰ 4

A C

B
4.

10 10

C
A
10

Q
5.

7 55⁰

P R
References:
• Merden L. Bryant et al. Mathematics 9 Learner’s Manual, Department Of Education-
Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (DepEd- IMCS), Pasig City, Philippines

• Worktext in Mathematics III, Don Bosco Technical Institute- Makati