Mastery Test 1,2 and 3 – Answer key

1. What is the bearing accuracy requirement as set out under IMO Resolution MSC.192 (79) on radar
equipment? within 1.0⁰
2. What is the best course alteration in order for the others to recognize your intentions when navigating under
zero visibility and observing target(s) only on radar or arpa. Not less than 30⁰ angle
3. What is the principal use of history? Observer can check if target has maneuvered
4. What is the second aim of the IMO on ARPA where it should to improve the standard of collision
avoidance at sea? provide continuous, accurate and rapid situation evaluation
5. How many targets that ARPA is able to update continuously either automatically or manually as specified
in IMO Performance Standards Res.A823(19) annex? 20
6. How many consecutive scans ARPA should be able to track an acquired target and is clearly
distinguishable on the display? 5 out of 10 scans
7. Own ship steering 163°T, speed 22 knots, at 1100 a radar echo bore 163°T range 8.0 nmiles, 12 minutes
later same echo bore 163°T, range 5.6 nmiles, what is the relative speed of the target? 12 knots
8. Which Colreg Rule says, any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances
of the case admit, be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar.
rule 8B
9. What is the other type of azimuth stabilization that ARPA should be able to operate on relative motion
display? course-up
10. Which IMO resolution that IMO Resolution A.823(19) superseded? A422(XI)
11. Which means the process of selecting a target or targets and initiating their tracking? acquisition
12. Which nautical ranges of scale the ARPA facilities at least should be made available? 3, 6 and 12 nm
13. What is the direction of motion of a target relative to own ship’s position expressed as angular displacement
from north. relative course
14. What ARPA/RADAR facility that a particular fixed navigational mark which is being tracked is to be used
as a ground stabilized reference? echo reference
15. Which mode of radar/arpa display whereby own ship and all targets are referenced to the sea using gyro
heading and single axis log water speed inputs? sea stabilization
16. How many percent probability values does an ARPA should present within three minutes of steady state
tracking the motion of a target? 95%
17. Which methods in ARPA will have the tendency to acquire spurious targets, and also over- acquire?
Automatic acquisition
18. When tracking targets in ARPA or ATA, which facility that operator is able to determine the target’s CPA
and TCPA by extending the vector? relative vector
19. Which date the IMO performance Standards defined the standards for automatic tracking aid? 1 July 2008
20. On a vector triangle, which below is the resultant of target’s true course and speed? e – m vector
21. What ARPA facility that observer is able to simulate the effect on all tracked targets if own ship will
maneuvers? trial maneuver
22. On a vector triangle, which below signifies the target’s new relative course and speed? r1m vector
23. What conclusions a radar observer glean from these values when the EBL relative bearing stays constant
and the VRM distances steadily decrease by 0.5 NM each six-minute interval? collision course
24. Which line is the target’s relative path? RML
25. What is the resultant vector of target’s new course and speed? e-m1
26. Which type of ARPA display in which the azimuth orientation relative to a nominated true bearing is fixed?
azimuth stabilized display
27. What mode does target pips are painted at their measured distances and in their true (compass) directions
from own ship, north being maintained UP of the screen. north-up mode
28. What rule in Colreg states, “proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational, including
long-range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision”? rule 7B
29. Which date IMO Resolution A.823(19) was adopted? 23 Nov 1995
30. What mode of display without azimuth stabilization in which the line connecting the center with the top of
the display indicates own ship’s heading? head-up mode
31. Which below is an area set up by the observer within which targets are not acquired? suppressed area
32. Which situation that incoming radar data for a tracked target becomes incorrectly associated with another
tracked target or a non-tracked radar echo? target swop
33. What is defined as the navigational facility whereby the observer can define lines to indicate channels or
Traffic Separation Schemes? map lines
34. Which rule states, “a vessel which detects by radar alone the presence of another vessel shall determine if a
close quarters situation is developing and/or risk of collision exists”? Rule 19d
35. Which rule states, “assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, especially scanty
radar information”? Rule 7C
36. What does it indicates when a target history dots spacing has changed? Target changed speed
37. What rule states “alteration of course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the beam shall be avoided”?
Rule 19D(ii)
38. What is the main disadvantage when using north-up orientation?
Echoes can be misleading on S’ly course
39. What RADAR/ARPA presentation is best suited to avoid smearing of echoes during course change?
Course-up
40. What is the meaning of this ARPA symbol? Lost target

41. What is the meaning of this ARPA symbol? Performance test

42. The range performance when the ground rises to 6 meters is: 7 nautical miles
43. The range performance when the coastline or ground rises to 60 meters is: 20 nautical miles
44. The range performance for surface objects for a vessel of 5000 grt is: 7 nautical miles
45. The form of acquisition where specified areas for detection is used: Automatic acquisition by area
46. The protuberance of an acquired target points to the direction is called: True direction only
47. What method alerts a mariner that he has come close to a navigational hazard? Guard zone
48. What is a feature in ARPA that can be displayed on request and with at least 4 equally time spaced dots that
enables an observer to check whether the target has maneuverer? Tracking history
49. Which of the following refers to ACQUISITION?
I. It is used to describe the process whereby target tracking is culminated
II. It is used to describe the process whereby target tracking is initiated
III. It is used by the ARPA operator either manually or automatically
All I, II and III
50. Which methods in ARPA that when in practice will have the tendency to acquire spurious targets, and also
over –acquire. Automatic acquisition
51. What results to automatic acquisition method of ARPA?
I. acquire multiple targets
II. acquire spurious targets
III. overly acquire targets
All I, II and III
52. In ARPA, what minimizes the likelihood of target swap and improve capability to track targets through
rain and sea clutter? Rate aiding
53. Which is a function of an Echo average RADAR/ARPA facility? All of the above
54. Why does off-centering moves the sweep origin afar? to expand the view field
55. Which feature in ARPA can be displayed on request and with at least 4 equally time-spaced dots?
Tracking history
56. How is manual acquisition done in ARPA? The target is acquired and tracked
57. What is the term used in notification failure on ARPA when all tracking channels are used?
Tracks full
58. What is the radar range acceptable error if range scale in use is 24n miles according to IMO performance
Standards? ±.24n mile
59. What is the first thing to consider when operating radar/ARPA? Check for any obstructions
60. The following are applications of Radar to COLREG Rule 5. (Look-out). Which is NOT part of the
application? When using two radars suggestion is to set radar screen on same ranges
61. Why is parallel indexing used? In order to maintain and follow a particular course
62. When tracking targets in ARPA or ATA, which type of vector that is extended the operator is able to
determine the target’s CPA and TCPA? Relative vector
63. The IMO performance Standards defined the standards for automatic tracking aid which covers for vessels
built after: 1 July 2008
64. A feature in ARPA that can be displayed on request and with at least 4 equally time spaced dots that
enables an observer to check whether the target has maneuvered. tracking history
65. When performing trial maneuver in the ARPA, which distinctive indication does it displays? Letter “T”
66. It is likely to occur when two targets respond within the tracking gate at the same time, the tracker may
becomes confused and the vector(s) may transfer to the wrong target. Target swap
67. The ARPA operator can either used it manually or automatically, and the term is used to describe the
process whereby target tracking is initiated. Acquisition
68. Which methods in ARPA that when in practice will have the tendency to acquire spurious targets, and also
over-acquire. Automatic acquisition
69. In ARPA, in order to minimize the likelihood of target swap and improve capability to track targets
through rain and sea clutter is called: Rate aiding
70. What Radar/ARPA facility suppresses sea clutter; stable targets appear almost at the same position and
unstable echoes appear at random position? Echo average
71. What is the process of moving the sweep origin afar to expand the view field? Off-centering
72. Which feature in ARPA that can be displayed on request and with at least 4 equally time- spaced dots?
tracking history
73. Which ARPA facility has a fixed width of 0.5nm in the radial direction and is adjustable only within 3 to
6nm from own ship? Guard zone
74. What attracts the operator’s attention for a target automatically acquired in the guard zone area?
Both a and c
75. What does this ARPA symbol means? Own ship

76. Which below is/are Radar/ARPA IMO Performance Standards carriage requirements applicable to new
installations from 2008 of 10,000 grt ships/crafts? minimum acquired target capacity 40
77. What this ARPA symbol means? Origin mark

78. It is alternately shows and erases parallel index lines. Index lines
79. What is the basic principle of Parallel indexing? In order to maintain and follow a particular course
80. What situation the officers usually use parallel indexing except: Closing in to a navigational danger
81. When the officer sets of parallel indexing on starboard side about 3miles. And 10minutes later, the island
has crossed into a parallel indexing set at 3 miles. Where does this ship get wind? Port side
82. “True mode” presentation, what can be easily obtain by the operator?
Predicted development of encounter
83. Safe speed rule, which below is not a factor to be considered? Depth of the water
84. In a relative vector mode, what can be easily determined from its length? Relative speed of target
85. The CPA which would suggest that the encounter be deemed ‘close quarters will depend upon except:
Geographical position of the ships
86. What does this ARPA symbol signifies? Tracking initial stage

87. What navigation equipment is IMO Resolution A.823(19) Performance Standards? ARPA only
88. How many targets in auto acquisition are prioritized by ARPA? 20
89. What is the most appropriate setting of T-CPA on ARPA? Not ˂20 minutes
90. What is that point in which the observing ship should steer at her present speed in order for a collision to
occur? Predicted Point of Collision