Importance of Water

 Water has always been an issues in the history.

 All civilizations were near rivers: Mesopotamia ( Mesopotamia is a place situated in the middle
of Euphrates and the Tigris rivers which is now a part of Iraq). , Indus Civilization: Indus river.
 Religious important: Muhammad quotation, Karbala situation.
 Hazrat mussa's nation became slave because they did not have the food. This was because Fron
had the control water the Neil river...!
 Thousand have lived without love but none without water- WH Auden

Water issue for decades in Pakistan.

After partition and Radcliffe Award, Pakistan’s headworks remained in India: Ferozpur and Madhupur

Canals were in Pakistan; control was in the hand of India. Govt of eastern and western Punjab signed a
standstill agreement which expired on April 1, 1948 since then India stopped water supply to depalpur
and central bari doab canal. It resulted in severe water crisis in eastern Punjab: wheat crises Under
Section 550 of the Mutual Security Act and under the Famine Relief Act, US gave special wheat aid to
Pakistan to avert the famine.

Signed Inter-Dominion Award. Making compulsory for Indian to continue the supply till Pak
manages alternate arrangements.

we approached WB because there was not canal and river system in Pakistan.

India also becuase knew its river has low water as compare to Indian river; thus, it wanted to get some
water from Pakistan's river.

WB- 12 Articles and some annexes.

Annex c: Although western rivers are of Pakistan, it can use it some portion of water for its own
agriculture.

Annex D: India can make hydropower projects but a caveat is attached to it that it cannot store.

India claim: It is run of river; operating on the flow of the river without modification by upstream storage
run-of-river power plant.

Also a mountaious gorge: is a narrow valley with steep, rocky walls located between hills or mountains.

This cause silting. If not storage, it is difficult to clean it.

It is run of river; operating on the flow of the river without modification by upstream storage run-of-
river power plant.

Also a mountainous gorge: is a narrow valley with steep, rocky walls located between hills or mountains.

This cause silting. If not storage, it is difficult to clean it.

Annexure G= Arbitration
Annexure F= Neutral Expert

Article 8: One commissioner from both side in case of dispute. If fail to resolve the issue, they will go
towards neutral expert. If it also fails, they will go for international arbiter court.

Current Pakistan Commissioner for Indus Waters, Syed Muhammad Mehar Ali Shah- hydro engineer,
worked in naspak but can a technical person negotiate well? Indian= Mr. A.K pal since 17 years- He is
an expert of water tunneling. how to disappear the river from one place and make another from it

Old Jammat ali shah-heavily criticized for speaking in favor of India; left Pakistan and never came back

pakal dul project on cheenab river; but same meeting was in feb but no conclusion.

1970 IWT ineffective because funding was stopped.

ISSUES WITH INDIA

Modhi after URI " Blood and water cannot move together"

After Pulwama; water minister- " we will stop water of Pakistan"

After 2019 they have the capability to stop water; they have 24 projects on cheenab- very important for
Pakistan agriculture..

Same with Jehlum: bagliar dam, wullar dam etc

Indus: kishanganga

Parvaid Iqbal Cheema: Problems And Politics Of Water Sharing And Management In Pakistan How To
Obtain Top Grade

India has built 62 structues on Pakistani side.

A GREAT WATER WAR HAS BEEN LAUNCHED AGAINTST PAKISTAN- WHICH PAKISTAN IS TOTALLY
UNAWARE.

WHAT SHOULD BE THE POLICY OF Pakistan

4-5 thousand litter per person per day was available when Pakistan got independence. Today 4 to 5
hundred.

Policy aspects for water irrigation” organised by the Department of Agriculture Economics, University of
Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF) on Monday, he pointed out that in 1951, per capita water availability was
5,600 cubic metres but now it has decreased to 1,000 cubic metres. In 2025, water availability will
decrease even further and stand at 800 cubic metres.

We are always late to discuss; when they are done making, then we go and discuss.
" A policy should start from Glacier- Mountain gorges- rivers-aquifer- domestic use- then my tap"

Enemy is the best teacher. If you are not learning from the enemy, you will lose the next battle.- Sun tzu

India has made rain harvesting; they have revived their pounds; installed solar panel on canals also
reducing the evaporation; because they have water policy!

8% water domestic; 23 % industrial; 69% agriculture.

We only focus on 8%! tweet of minister of water

CONCERNS OF PAKISTAN:
POPULATION EXPLOSION: 6TH MOST populous country ; 36 crore in 2050; 6-fold
since 1951 increase
UNREGULATED EXPLOITATION OF GROUND WATER:
UNCHECKED URBANIZATION: Karachi among worlds least liveable citites in 2021-
Global Liveability Ranking 2021; UN report 50% will be living in urban 2025
COLONIAL IRRIGATION SYSTEM; resulting in the wastage of water; 29MAF of
flood water is wasted
FINANCIALLY UNSUSTAINABLE OPERATION OF IRRIGATION SYSTEM : ABIANA
COVERS ONLY 24% OF OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE COSTS
PLANTATION OF WATER INTENSIVE CROPS: Sugarcane, cotton, and rice are highly
water-intensive crops, which consume 57% of the annual water use.
DETERIORATING PER CUBIC METER WATER AVAILABILITY: 1000 PER CUBIC; SOON
780
SOME SHOCKING DATA OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
WB country director for Pakistan: “ water security in Pakistan is reaching a critical pint
that demands urgent attention and reforms”
NASA” Indus basin is one of the most overstressed and rapidly depleting system in the world
Pakistan 4th highest water use in world
Less storage capacity; see notes….!

Economic dimension- agriculture!!! Mangoes 50% less production; south punjab agriculture badly
impacted; wheat crises; rice crops of sindh and south punjab impacted; This policy

Political dimension: Pakistan's Water Apportionment Accord of 1991- division of water among provinces
Why; Punjab is upper repparian; others are lower

punjan 46% below punjant water is not going

sindh 42% below kotri, guddu barrage water not growing 36% production reduced.

balochsitn 3% because it is not agricultural - depend on animals and minerals; two canals. Also decied
that one more canal( kirchi) 30% work done but not completed. But now dont have water. canal will be
given to it so that 4 disticts will get water and they will able to flourish land.

other kpk

Techical issues; when water was divided data was taked 78-82 and water was divived. Now the water is
already reduced in water. When water is not available in the system how it will be divivded.

Research lag; glaciers are melting; out of 6k, 3k glaciers are lost! washingtonpost We do not even have
data.

Infighting " why nation fails"- political polarlization

Food insecurity: National Security Policy; barry buzan- non traditional security threats!

bullay shah *panj arkan islam day thay chata buleeya "tuk" - food ; tuk na howay thay panjo jande muk.

Water- impacting the food!

When there is no surplus food, the downfall of the nation begins

Molecular Red: Theory for the Anthropocene, McKenzie Wark " Time has come to give new narrative
because the facts have changed. " Similarly, Pakistan needs to change the narrative on water as the facts
have changed drastically.

Geo-political dimension: As QA said Pakistan is the Juglar vein of Pakistan. Jugular is the vein which
collect the blood from the skull. Similarly, Kashmir has all the water- coming towards Pakistan.

We need to make Aquifer water monitoring commission similar to ISRA WAPDA?(DAM )

Conservative setup to monitor glacier

because we have the availability from there.