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Class 12 - Biology

Evolution Test 01

1. Evolution of modern man is most interesting and appears parallel evolution of:
a. Body height and weight
b. Human brain and language
c. Human brain and height
d. Height and body hairs
2. Natural selection is a process in which heritable variations enabling better survival are enabled to:
a. Grow faster in a new habitat
b. Reproduce and leave a greater number of progeny
c. Grow slower in a new habitat
d. Reproduce and leaves less number of progeny
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3. Initial fossils in the phylogenic history of the horse is:
a. Eohippus
b. Equus
c. Mesohippus
d. Merychippus
4. The first animal domesticated by man was:
a. Horse
b. Dog
c. Pig
d. Cow
5. Branching descent and natural selection are the two key concepts of ________.
a. Weismann theory
b. Darwin’s theory of evolution
c. Oparin and Haldane theory
d. Lamarckian theory of evolution
6. Assertion: Australopithecus is called a southern ape and it is a missing link.

Reason: It had both human as well as ape characters.

a. Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
b. Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
c. Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
d. Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
7. Assertion: Due to continental drift, when South America joined North America, South American mammals resembling
horse, hippopotamus, bear, rabbit, etc. were overridden by North American fauna.

Reason: It occurred due to competition from other mammals.

a. Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
b. Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
c. Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
d. Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

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8. Assertion: In the beginning of earth formation, the source of H2 and oxygen were water.

Reason: The UV rays from the sun broke up water into hydrogen and oxygen.
a. Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
b. Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
c. Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
d. Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
9. State True or False:
i. Ear muscles close external ears during excessive noise.
a. True
b. False
ii. New life comes only from the preexisting life.
a. True
b. False
iii. The earth originally had a reducing atmosphere.
a. True
b. False
10. Fill in the blanks:
a. When the original drifted population becomes founders then the effect is called _______.
b. p2 + q2 + 2pq = _______.
c. According to Hardy Weinberg principle allele frequencies in a population are ________ and is constant from
generation to generation.
11. Among Ramapithecus, Australopithecines and Homo habilis -  who probably did not eat meat?
12. When we talk of functional macromolecules (e.g. proteins as enzymes, hormones, receptors, antibodies etc), towards
what are they evolving?

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13. Name the different theories of the origin of life.
14. State the significance of the study of fossils in evolution.
15. Discovery of lobefins is considered very significant by evolutionary biologists. Explain.
16. What are the key concepts in the evolution theory of Darwin?

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Class 12 - Biology

Evolution Test 01

Solution

1. (b) Human brain and language

Explanation: Among the stories of the evolution of individual species, the story of the evolution of modern man is most
interesting and appears to parallel the evolution of the human brain and language. Homo habilis has brain size 650cc-
800cc which evolved to 1400cc in Homo sapiens.
2. (b) Reproduce and leave a greater number of progeny

Explanation: Natural selection is a process in which heritable variations enabling better survival are enabled to
reproduce and leave a higher number of progeny in the habitat to increase in number faster than other species.

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material for CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8 App to create similar
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3. (a) Eohippus

Explanation: Eohippus
4. (b) Dog

Explanation: Dog
5. (b) Darwin’s theory of evolution

Explanation: Darwin’s theory of evolution

6. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.

Explanation: Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
7. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.

Explanation: Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
8. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.

Explanation: Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
9. State True or False:
i. (b) False

Explanation: False
ii. (a) True

Explanation: True
iii. (a) True

Explanation: True
10. Fill in the blanks:
a. Founder effect
b. 1
c. Stable
11. Homo habilis did not eat meat.
12. Functional macromolecules are evolving towards living forms.
13. Following are a few of the theories of Origin of life:
i. Theory of special creation (God made us)
ii. Theory of Spontaneous generation (Abiogenesis or autogenesis)
iii. Theory of Extraterrestrial or cosmic origin (Panspermia)
iv. Theory of Biogenesis (Modern theory suggesting chemical evolution)

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14. The fossils support organic evolution. Study of fossils in different sedimentary layers indicates the geological period in
which they exist.

- The fossil records have helped in building the broad historical sequence of biological evolution.
15. Lobefins (Coelacanth) were the ancestors of modern-day frogs and salamanders.

Lobefins are the fish with stout and strong fins, could move on land and go back into the water. They lived about 350
mya and become extinct.

In 1938, a fish (Coelacanth) was caught in South Africa. As no specimen of these are left with us, they evolved as the
first amphibians.

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16. Branching descent and natural selection are the two key concepts of Darwinian Theory of Evolution.
The novelty and brilliant insight of Darwin was this: He asserted that variations, which are heritable and which
make resource utilisation better for few (adapted to habitat better) will enable only those to reproduce and leave
more progeny. Hence for a period of time, over many generations, survivors will leave more progeny and there
would be a change in population characteristic and hence new forms appear to arise.
The fitness, according to Darwin, refers ultimately and only to reproductive fitness. Hence, those who are better
fit in an environment, leave more progeny than others. These, therefore, will survive more and hence are selected
by nature. He called it natural selection and implied it as a mechanism of evolution.

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