Item 1
 When a later statute contains
provisions so contrary to irreconcilable
with those of the earlier law that only
one of the two statutes can stand in
force.
Correct answer: Implied Repeal
Item 2
 Which of the following describes
Predestined Interpretation?
Correct answer: Takes place when
the interpreter makes the text
subservient to his preconceived
views and desires.
Item 3
 Which of the following is/are
categories of repeal by implication?
A. Where provision in the two acts on
the same subject matter are in an
irreconcilable conflict.
B. If the later act covers the whole
subject of the earlier one and is clearly
intended as a substitute – to be a
complete and perfect system in itself.
Correct answer: Both A and B
Item 4
 Which of the following describes
Unrestricted Interpretation?
Correct answer: Proceeds the
general principles of interpretation
in good faith.
Score: 1 out of 1 Yes
Item 5
 Statutory construction is the art of
seeking the intention of the legislature
in enacting a statute and applying it to
a given state of facts.
Correct answer: True
Item 6
 To which does a statute start with?
Correct answer: Bill
Item 7
 Which of the following can repeal a
law?
Correct answer: Law
Item 8
 Which of the following describes
Extravagant Interpretation?
Correct answer: Substitutes meaning
evidently beyond the true one.
Item 9
 The situs of construction and
interpretation of written laws belong to
the legislative department.
Correct answer: False
Item 10
 Res ipsa loquitor _____
Correct answer: The thing speaks for
itself
Item 11
 Which of the following is a generic
term describing statutes which require,
and not merely permit a course of
action?
Correct answer: Mandatory Statute
Item 12
 Which of the following defines Local
Law?
Correct answer: Relates or operates
over a particular locality instead of
over the whole territory of the state
Item 13
 Sui generis _____
Correct answer: of its own kind
Item 14
 Which of the following is defined in
this statement: A rule of conduct
formulated and made obligatory by
legitimate power of the State?
Correct answer: Law
Item 15
 Which of the following is a requisite in
construing the law?
Correct answer: There is ambiguity in
the law involved in the controversy.
Item 16
 Which of the following BEST
describes the Enacting Clause in a
Statute?
Correct answer: Part of statute which
declares its enactment and serves to
identify it as an act of legislation
proceeding from the proper legislative
authority.
Item 17
 Ejusdem Generis _____
Correct answer: Of the same kind
Item 18
 When should the Court apply the law
and not interpret it?
Correct answer: When it is clear and
unequivocal
Item 19
 Which branch of the government
passes statutes?
Correct answer: Legislative
Item 20
 Which of the following directs the
doing of an act, or declares what shall
be done in contrast to a negative
statute which is one that prohibits the
things from being done, or declares
what shall not be done?
Correct answer: Affirmative Statute
Item 21
 Ignorantia legis neminem excusat
_____
Correct answer: Ignorance of the law
excuses no one
Item 22
 Only the Legislative body has the
power to construe the written laws.
Correct answer: False
Item 23
 Which of the following describes a
bill?
Correct answer: Draft of a proposed
law from the time of its introduction in
a legislative body through all the
various stages in both houses.
Item 24
 Which of the following does NOT
describe a Statute?
Correct answer: It is an act of the
executive department as an organized
body
Item 25
 What is the importance of a
Separability Clause in a statute?
Correct answer: It provides that if one
or more provisions or unconstitutional,
the remaining provisions shall still be
in force.
Item 26
 Statues or act may be said to be
vague when it lacks comprehensible
standards those men “of common
intelligence must necessarily guess at
its meaning and differ as to its
application.
Correct answer: True
Item 27
 Which of the following defines
Remedial Statute?
Correct answer: Provides means or
method whereby causes of action may
be effectuated, wrongs redressed, and
relief obtained.
Item 28
 To whom is the Judicial Power
vested?
Correct answer: The Supreme Court
and the Lower Courts
Item 29
 The body is the part of statute
explaining the reasons for its
enactment and the objects sought to
be accomplished.
Correct answer: False
Item 30
 Mens rea _____
Correct answer: guilty mind
Item 31
 Which of the following describes
Limited Interpretation?
Correct answer: Influenced by other
principles than the strictly hermeneutic
ones.
Item 32
 It is the abrogation or annulling of a
previously existing law by the
enactment of a subsequent statute
which declares that the former law
shall be revoked and abrogated.
Correct answer: Express Repeal
Item 33
 Prima Facie _____
Correct answer: at first glance
Item 34
 Dura Lex Sed Lex _____
Correct answer: The law is harsh, but
it is the law.
Item 35
 Which of the following defines
Retrospective Law?
Correct answer: Looks backward or
contemplates the past.
Item 36
 Which of the following best describes
legal hermeneutics?
Correct answer: The systematic body
of rules which are recognized as
applicable to the construction and
interpretation of legal writings.
Item 37
 Which of the following defines Penal
Statute?
Correct answer: Defines criminal
offenses specify corresponding fines
and punishments.
Item 38
 Which of the following defines
General Law?
Correct answer: Affects the community
at large. That which affects all people
of the state or all a particular class.
Item 39
 Which of the following is NOT a
constitutional test in the passage of a
bill?
Correct answer: Every bill passed by
the Congress shall, before it becomes
a law, be presented to the Judiciary.
Item 40
 The saving clause announces the
effective date of the law.
Correct answer: False
Item 41
 Verba legis non est decendendum
_____
Correct answer: From the words of the
law there can be no departure
Item 42
 Which of the following is/are common
subjects of construction and
interpretation?
Correct answer: All of the above
Item 43
 Which of the following defines Penal
Statute?
Correct answer: Defines, regulates,
enforces, and administers
relationships among individuals,
associations and corporations.
Item 44
 Which of the following is NOT a
purpose of constitutional requirements
in the passage of a bill?
Correct answer: To prevent the
clogging of cases in the Courts.
Item 45
 Which of the following defines Public
Law?
Correct answer: A general
classification of law, consisting
generally of constitutional,
administrative, criminal, and
international law.
Item 46
 Which of the following is NOT a test
whether an ordinance is valid?
Correct answer: Must be general and
consistent with public and private
policy.
Item 47
 To which is the situs of construction
and interpretation of written laws
belong to?
Correct answer: Judiciary
Item 48
 Construction and interpretation of law
comes before it is demonstrated that
application is impossible or inadequate
without them.
Correct answer: False
Item 49
 Ambiguity exists if reasonable
persons can find different meanings in
a statute, document, etc.
Correct answer: True
Item 50
 Ambiguity exists if reasonable
persons can find different meanings in
a statute, document, etc.
Correct answer: True
Item 51
 Actus reus _____
Correct answer: guilty act
Item 52
 When is a statute considered
ambiguous?
Correct answer: When it is subject to
two or more meanings
Item 53
 Which among the following is/are
NOT a duty of the Courts of Justice?
Correct answer: To settle disputes
between and among the other
branches of the government.
Item 54
 A statute is repugnant to the
Constitution if:
A. It leaves law enforcers unbridled
discretions.
B. It violates due process for failure to
accord persons fair notice of conduct
to avoid.
Correct answer: Both A and B
Item 55
 Which of the following BEST
describes Statutory Construction?
Correct answer: It is the art or process
of discovering and expounding the
meaning and intention of the authors
of the law with respect to its
application to a given case
Item 56
 Write down the Steps of How a Bill
Becomes a Law. 2 points for each step
– one point for the sequence, another
point for the correct step. (20 points)
Response: How a Bill Becomes a Law
1. The proposed bill may be introduced
by a member of the National Assembly
to the Secretary of the National
Assembly, who will schedule it for the
first reading.
2. In the first reading, the bill is read by
its number and title only.
3. Following the first reading, the
Speaker refers the bill to the
appropriate committee to further
review. The appropriate committee will
hold public hearings at this point. The
committee must next decide whether
or not to report the bill favorably or
whether a substitute bill should be
considered after the public hearings. If
the committee issues an unfavorable
report, the proposed bill is dead.
4. After the committee's approval, the
bill is returned to the National
Assembly and scheduled for a second
reading.
5. In the second reading, the bill is
read in its entirety.
6. Immediately after the second
reading, the bill is set for open debates
where members of the assembly may
propose amendments and insertions to
the proposed bill.
7. After the approval of the bill in its
second reading and at least three (3)
calendar days before its final passage,
the bill is printed in its final form, and
copies thereof are distributed to each
of the members.
8. After then, the bill is scheduled for a
third and final reading. No
amendments will be permitted at this
time. The bill's title is read first followed
by a vote in the National Assembly.
After the third and final reading in one
House, where the bill originated, it will
be transmitted to the other House,
going through the same procedure.
9. After the bill has been passed, it will
be submitted to the President for
approval. If he approves, he shall veto
it and return the same with his
objections to the National Assembly
where it is originated, and if approved
by two-thirds of all its members, shall
become a law. Under the present set-
up, if the originating house will agree
to pass the bill, it shall be sent,
together with the objections to the
other house by which it shall be
likewise be considered and must be
approved by two-thirds of the votes.
10. Every bill passed by Congress
shall be acted upon by the President
within thirty (30) days from receipt
thereof. Otherwise, it shall become a
law.
Score: 10 out of 20 
Teacher comment:
 use your own words next time
Item 57
 Which of the following BEST
describes the Body of a Statute?
Correct answer: Main and operative
part of the statute containing its
substantive and even procedural
provisions.
Item 58
 To whom is the Legislative Power
vested?
Correct answer: Senate and the House
of Representatives
Item 59
 If the law is clear and unequivocal, the
Court has no other alternative but to
apply the law and not to interpret.
Correct answer: True
Item 60
 Why should an ordinance not
contravene a statute?
Correct answer: Because local
councils exercise only delegated
legislative powers conferred on them
by the Congress.
Item 61
 Which of the following describes
construction?
Correct answer: The drawing of
conclusions with respect to subjects
that are beyond the direct expression
of the text.
Item 62
 Which of the following defines Special
Law?
Correct answer: Designed for a
particular purpose or limited in range
or confined to a prescribed field of
action on operation.
Item 63
 Which of the following passes an
Ordinance?
Correct answer: Local Legislative Body
Item 64
 Res Judicata _____
Correct answer: A cause of action may
not be relitigated once it has been
judged on the merits or finality
Item 65
 Ignorantia facti excusat _____
Correct answer: mistake of fact
excuses
Item 66
 Why should the intention to repeal a
law be clear and manifest?
Correct answer: To be construed as a
continuation, and not a substitute for
the first act.
Item 67
 Statutes are those passed by the
Philippine Commission, the Philippine
Legislature, the Batasang Pambansa,
and the Office of the President.
Correct answer: False
Item 68
 When is judicial function required in
statutory construction?
Correct answer: When a statute is
invoked and different interpretations
are in contention.
Item 69
 Which of the following describes
Extensive Interpretation?
Correct answer: Adopts a more
comprehensive signification of the
words
Item 70
 Which of the following BEST
describes the Repealing Clause in a
Statute?
Correct answer: Announces the prior
statutes or specific provisions which
have been abrogated by reason of the
enactment of the new law.
Item 71
 Obiter Dictum _____
Correct answer: that which is said in
passing
Item 72
 Which of the following does describes
interpretation (as opposed to
construction)?
Correct answer: The process of Item 80
discovering the true meaning of the  Reddeddo Singula Singulis _____
language used.
Correct answer: By referring each to
Item 73 each
 Expressio Unios Est Exclusio Alterius
_____ Item 81
 Which of the following describes
Correct answer: To express one is to Close Interpretation?
exclude others
Correct answer: Taking the words in
Item 74 their narrowest meaning.
 To whom is the Executive Power
vested?
Correct answer: The President of the
Philippines

Item 75
 The title is usually prefixed to the
statute in the summary of its contents.
Correct answer: True

Item 76
 The executive department determines
whether or not there has been a grave
abuse of discretion amounting to lack
or excess of jurisdiction on the part of
any branch or instrumentality of the
government.
Correct answer: False

Item 77
 Stare Decisis _____
Correct answer: To stand by things
decided

Item 78
 The power to make laws is lodged in
the judiciary.
Correct answer: False

Item 79
 It is the duty of the Courts of Justice to
settle actual controversies involving
rights which are legally demandable
and enforceable
Correct answer: True
Item 1
 This doctrine simply means that for
the sake of certainty, a conclusion
reached in one case should be applied
to those that follow if the facts are
substantially the same, even though
the parties may be different.
Correct answer: Stare Decisis
Item 2
 Which of the following is also used to
clarify what has already been said, and
in such cases, means “in other words,”
“to wit,” or “that is to say.”
Correct answer: Or
Item 3
 Which of the following is an example
of the doctrine expressio unius est
exclusion alterius?
Correct answer: weekends and public
holidays excluding
Item 4
 In section 3(19) of the Endangered
Species Act of 1973 Congress has
specifically defined the word "take."
This word then becomes a key term
under the Act which is used to
describe specific activities that are
prohibited relative to "endangered" and
"threatened" species. Specifically, this
sub-section states that:
[t]he term ‘‘take’’ means to harass,
harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill,
trap, capture, or collect, or to attempt
to engage in any such conduct.
Which of the linguistic rules of
statutory construction (discussed
supra) among the following choices is
LEAST LIKELY to be applied under
these circumstances to construe the
E.S.A.s' definitions of both the words
"take" and "plants" so as to achieve a
consistent interpretation of what
Congress may have actually intended
by enacting both of these definitions?
Correct answer: Ejusdem generis.
Item 5
 This doctrine is used to interpret
loosely written statutes.
Correct answer: Ejusdem generis
Item 6
 Which of the following words
emphasizes mandatory character and
means imperative, operating to impose
a duty which may be enforced?
Correct answer: Shall
Item 7
 If a statute is clear, plain and free from
ambiguity, it must be given its literal
meaning and applied without
attempted interpretation.
Correct answer: Verbal legis
Item 8
 This doctrine requires courts in a
country to follow the rule established in
a decision of the Supreme Court
thereof.
Correct answer: Stare Decisis
Item 9
 In the interpretation of a statute, the
Court should start with the assumption
that the legislature intended to enact
an effective statute.
[INTERPRETATION OF STATUTE]
Correct answer: True
Item 10
 A cardinal rule in statutory
construction is that when the law is
clear and free from any doubt or
ambiguity, there is no room for
construction or interpretation. There is
only room for application.9 As the
statute is clear, plain, and free from
ambiguity, it must be given its literal
meaning and applied without
attempted interpretation. (Bolos v.
Bolos, G.R. No. 186400, 20 October
2010) _____
Correct answer: VERBA LEGIS
Item 11
 What is the ratio decidendi of a case?
Correct answer: The reasons for the
decision
Item 12
 Which among the following is not true
regarding the doctrine of casus
omissus is-
Correct answer: Omission in a statute
can be supplied by construction
Item 13
 This literally “of the same kind or
class.
Correct answer: Ejusdem generis
Item 14
 Which of the following generally
recognized "canons" of statutory
construction would be MOST
appropriate to aid the court in
determining the proper meaning of this
statutory phrase?
“Licensees may hunt moose, deer,
geese, and ducks which are not on the
endangered species list.”.
Correct answer: Expressio unius est
exclusion alterius
Item 15
 In the absence of implied repeal, a
subsequent law cannot be construed
as repealing a prior law unless an
irreconcilable inconsistency and
repugnancy exists in terms of the new
and old laws.
[IMPLIED]
Correct answer: False, EXPRESS
Item 16
 Presumption against undesirable
consequences were never intended by
a legislative measure
[PRESUMPTION]
Correct answer: True
Item 17
 It is a settled rule of statutory
construction that the express mention
of one person, thing, act, or
consequence excludes all others.
Where a statute, by its terms, is
expressly limited to certain matters, it
may not, by interpretation or
construction, be extended to others.
The rule proceeds from the premise
that the legislature would not have
made specified enumerations in a
statute had the intention been not to
restrict its meaning and to confine its
terms to those expressly mentioned.
(DBP v. COA, G.R. No. 221706, 13
March 2018) _____
Correct answer: EXPRESSIO UNIUS
EST EXCLUSIO ALTERIUS
Item 18
 Wherever possible, the words used in
the Constitution must be given their
ordinary meaning except where
technical terms are employed.
Correct answer: Verbal legis
Item 19
 Philippines as democratic and
republican state adopts the generally
accepted principles of international law
as part of the law of the land and
adheres to the policy of peace,
equality, justice, freedom, cooperation,
and amity with all nations.
[INTERNATIONAL LAW]
Correct answer: True
Item 20
 The law should never be interpreted in
such a way as to cause injustice as
this never within the legislative intent.
Correct answer: Presumption against
injustice
Item 21
 Intrinsic aids are resorted to only if
there is deficiency.
[DEFICIENCY]
Correct answer: False, AMBIGUITY
Score: 2 out of 2 Yes
Item 22
 A person, object or thing omitted from
an enumeration must be held to have
been omitted intentionally.
Correct answer: Casus omissus
Item 23
 A statute provides that the President
“may not deport foreigners except
upon investigation”.
a. Can the President, pending
arrangements for the deportation, also
detain the undesirable alien for a
reasonable period of time? Explain.
(10 pts.)
b. Explain the legal maxim verbal legis
in connection with the statement. (10
pts.)
Response: a. The same case was
shown in Borovsky vs. The
Commissioner of Immigration [G.R.
No. L-2852, June 30, 1949]. Whereas,
Borovsky prays for release from the
custody of the Director of Prisons who
holds him for purposes of deportation.
The President of the Philippines
ordered the petitioner's deportation as
an undesirable alien. Thereafter, he
was temporarily released pending
further arrangements for his
banishment. Furthermore, the
petitioner confined in New Bilibid
Prisons is not exactly a prisoner. On
the other hand, there is no question as
to the validity of the deportation
decree. This must be accepted that
temporary detention is necessary for
the process of exclusion or expulsion
of undesirable aliens and that the
government or the President has the
right to detain the undesirable alien for
a reasonable period of time.
b. In this case, according to
precedence, too long of detention may
justify the issuing of a writ of habeas
corpus. The meaning of "reasonable
period of time" is unclear and this is
where Verba Legis is being carried
out. Reasonable time varies
depending on the circumstances,
including the difficulty in getting a
passport, transportation availability,
diplomatic arrangements with the
governments concerned, and the
efforts made to deport the deported.
Relating to the case, the government
is really trying to expedite the
expulsion of this petitioner. And unless
it is shown that the deported is being
indefinitely imprisoned under the
pretense of awaiting a chance for
deportation.
Item 24
 It is a rule of legal herneneutics that
where general words follow an
enumeration of persons or things, by
words of a particular or specific
meaning, such general words are not
to be construed in their widest extent,
but are to be held as applying only to
persons or things of the same general
class as those specifically mentioned.
(City of Manila, et.al., v. Entote, G.R.
No. L-24776, 28 June 1974) _____
Correct answer: EJUSDEM GENERIS
Item 25
 To which is stare decisis practiced?
Correct answer: Common law legal
system
Item 26
 What is the Latin meaning for "stare
decisis"?
Correct answer: Let the decision stand
Item 27
 This doctrine enjoins adherence to
judicial precedents. That decision
becomes a judicial precedent to be
followed in subsequent cases by all
courts in the land. The is based on the
principle that once a question of law
has been examined and decided, it
should be deemed settled and closed
to further argument. (Fermin v. PP,
G.R. No. 157643, 28 March 2008)
_____
Correct answer: STARE DECISIS
Item 28
 What is a decision made by a judge
which states that a legal rule in an
earlier case is wrong
Correct answer: Overruling
Item 29
 What is the term that describes 'things
said in passing'?
Correct answer: Obiter Dicta
Item 30
 “Must” means conjunction connecting
words or phrases expressing the idea
that the latter is to be added or taken
along with the first.
[MUST]
Correct answer: False, AND
Item 31
 The purpose of the rule on ejusdem
generis is to give effect to both the
particular and general words, by
treating the particular words as
indicating the class and the general
words as including all that is embraced
in said class, although not specifically
named by the particular words. This is
justified on the ground that if the
lawmaking body intended the general
terms to be used in their unrestricted
sense, it would have not made an
enumeration of particular subjects but
would have used only general terms.
(National Power Corporation v. Angas,
G.R. Nos. 60225-26, 18 May 1992)
_____
Correct answer: EJUSDEM GENERIS
Item 32
 Presumption against ineffectiveness
states that statutes must receive a
sensible construction such as will give
effect to the legislative intention so as
to avoid an unjust and absurd
conclusion.
[PRESUMPTION AGAINST
INEFFECTIVENESS]
Correct answer: False,
PRESUMPTION AGAINST
ABSURDITY
Item 33
 The "granting of government
scholarship to poor but deserving
students" was omitted in Sections 100
(c) and 272 of the Local Government
Code. (COA v. Province of Cebu, G.R.
No. 141386, 29 November 2001)
_____
Correct answer: CASUS OMISSUS
Item 34
 Under the rule of statutory
construction, there is no ground to
order the COMELEC to prosecute
private respondents for alleged
violation of Section 232 of B.P. Blg.
881 precisely because this is a non-
criminal act.
"It is a settled rule of statutory
construction that the express mention
of one person, thing, or consequence
implies the exclusion of all others.”
(Malanias v. COMELEC, G.R. No.
146943, 4 October 2002) _____
Correct answer: EXPRESSIO UNIUS
EST EXCLUSIO ALTERIUS
Item 35
 In the case of two conflicting decisions
of the Court of Appeal, which decision
must lower courts in the hierarchy
follow:
Correct answer: Either decision
Item 36
 The advantage(s) of precedent would
be –
Correct answer: all of the above
Item 37
 A precedent is:
Correct answer: where a decision of a
court in an original case establishes a
legal principle that may be applied to
future cases
Item 38
 In computing a period, the first day
shall be excluded, and the last day
included.
[FIRST DAY]
Correct answer: True
Item 39
 We interpret and apply the law in
consonance with justice.
[INTERPRET]
Correct answer: True
Item 40
 Where a particular word is equally
susceptible of various meanings, its
correct construction may be made
specific by considering the company of
terms in which it is found or with which
it is associated.
[VARIOUS MEANINGS]
Correct answer: True
Item 41
 A binding precedent:
Correct answer: is a legal principle that
must be followed by lower courts in the
same court hierarchy in similar cases
Item 42
 When the laws speak of years,
months, days or nights, it shall be
understood that years are of three
hundred sixty five days each; months
of thirty days; days of sunset to
sunrise.
[SUNSET TO SUNRISE]
Correct answer: False, TWENTY-
FOUR HOURS
Item 43
 Which of the following gives the
correct meaning for stare decisis?
Correct answer: When a court makes
a decision in a case then any courts
which are of EQUAL or LOWER status
to that court MUST follow that previous
decision if the case before them is
'similar' to that earlier case.
Item 44
 This states that where general words
or phrases follow a number of specific
words or phrases, the general words
are specifically construed as limited
and apply only to persons or things of
the same kind or class as those
expressly mentioned.
Correct answer: Ejusdem generis
Item 45
 Which of the following is the word
used in introducing a proviso?
Correct answer: Provided
Item 46
 Article 8 of the Civil Code of the
Philippines provides that, Judicial
decisions applying or interpreting the
laws or the Constitution shall form a
part of the legal system of the
Philippines. _____
Correct answer: STARE DECISIS
Item 47
 The Court is not convinced that the
Framers simply failed to adjust the
aforesaid constitutional provision, by
sheer inadvertence, to their decision to
shift to a bicameral form of legislature.
Even granting that there was, indeed,
such omission, this Court cannot
supply the same. A case omitted is to
be held as intentionally omitted, this
Court cannot under its power of
interpretation supply the omission
even if the same may have resulted
from inadvertence or it was not
foreseen or contemplated for to do so
would amount to judicial legislation.
(Umali v. JBC, G.R. No. 228628, 25
July 2017) _____
Correct answer: CASUS OMISSUS
Item 48
 Which maxim operates only if and
when the omission has been
clearlyestablished, and in such a case
what is omitted in the enumeration
may not, by construction, be included
therein.
Correct answer: Casus omissus
Item 49
 The legislature is presumed to know
the meaning of the words, to have
used words advisely, and to have
expressed its intent by the use of such
words as are found in the statute.
Correct answer: Verbal legis
Item 50
 In construing a doubtful or ambiguous
statute, the Courts will presume that it
was the intention of the judiciary to
enact a valid, sensible and just law,
and one which should change the prior
law no further than may be necessary
to effectuate the specific purpose of
the act in question.
[JUDICIARY]
Correct answer: False, LEGISLATIVE
Item 51
 We look to the language of the
document itself in our search for its
meaning. We do not of course stop
there, but that is where we begin. It is
to be assumed that the words in which
constitutional provisions are couched
express the objective sought to be
attained. They are to be given their
ordinary meaning except where
technical terms are employed in which
case the significance thus attached to
them prevails. (J.M. Tuason & Co., Inc.
v. Land Tenure Administration) _____
Correct answer: VERBA LEGIS
Item 52
 Extrinsic aids are resorted to after
exhausting all the available intrinsic
aids and still there remain some
ambiguity in the statute.
[EXTRINSIC AIDS]
Correct answer: True
Item 53
 Presumption against implied repeals
states that the law should never be
interpreted in such a way as to cause
injustice as this never within the
legislative intent.
[PRESUMPTION AGAINST IMPLIED
REPEALS]
Correct answer: False,
PRESUMPTION AGAINST
INJUSTICE
Item 54
 What is the doctrine of stare decisis?
Correct answer: A doctrine of
precedent
Item 55
 Laws are presumed constitutional.
Correct answer: True

Item 56
 Which of the following statements
best describes the judicial act of
distinguishing a case?
Correct answer: Distinguishing occurs
when a court indicates that the
material facts of a previous case and
those of the instant case are different.