My CBC

COMPETENCY BASED CURRICULUM
SECTOR METALS AND ENGINEERING
QUALIFICATION SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING NC II

TITLE
UNIT OF WELD CARBON STEEL PLATES AND PIPES USING

COMPETENCY SMAW
MODULE TITLE WELDING CARBON STEEL PLATES AND PIPES

USING SMAW
NAME OF SCHOOL DON CARLOS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Date developed: JULY 8-9, Document # 1

CBC FOR G- 2017
11-12 Developed by: Issued at Page
STUDENTS Jaime M. Leguid Jr. Revised # 1 of 24
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Marichu B. Pangasi-an
Cristobal B. Opalla
HOW TO USE COMPETENCY- BASED CURRICULUM
Welcome to the module in “Welding Carbon Steel Plates and Pipes

Using SMAW.”
The unit of competency, “Weld Carbon Steel Plates and Pipes using
SMAW”, is one of the competencies of SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING NC
II, a course which comprises the knowledge, skills and attitudes required for
a TVET Trainer to possess.
The module, Welding Carbon Steel Plates and Pipes using SMAW,
contains training materials and activities related to identifying learner’s
requirements, preparing session plan, preparing basic instructional
materials and organizing learning and teaching activities for you to
complete.
In this module, you are required to go through a series of learning
activities in order to complete each learning outcome. In each learning
outcome are Information Sheets, Self-Checks, and Task Sheets. Follow
and perform the activities on your own. If you have questions, do not
hesitate to ask for assistance from your facilitator.
Remember to:
 Work through all the information and complete the activities in each
section.
 Read information sheets and complete the self-check. Suggested

references are included to supplement the materials provided in this
module.
 Most probably, your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager.
He is there to support you and show you the correct way to do things.
 You will be given plenty of opportunities to ask questions and practice
on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills during regular
work shifts. This way, you will improve your speed, memory and your
confidence.
 Use the Self-Checks, Task Sheets at the end of each section to test
your own progress. Use the Performance Criteria Checklist or

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
Procedural Checklist located after the sheet to check your own
performance.
 When you feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, ask
your Trainer to evaluate you. The results of your assessment will be
recorded in your Progress Chart and Accomplishment Chart.
You need to complete this module before you can perform the next
module.
LIST OF COMPETENCIES
No. Unit of competency Module Title Code No.
BASIC COMPETENCIES
1 Participate in Workplace Participating in Workplace 500311105

Communication Communication
2 Work in Team Working in Team 500311106
Environment Environment
3 Practice career Practicing career 500311107
Professionalism professionalism
4 Practice occupational health Practicing occupational 500311108
and safety procedures health and safety
procedures
COMMON COMPETENCIES
5 Apply Safety Practices Applying Safety Practices MEE722201

6 Interpret Drawings and Interpreting Drawings and MEE721202
Sketches Sketches
7 Perform Industry Calculations Performing Industry MEE721203
Calculations
8 Contribute to Quality System Contributing to Quality MEE721204
System
9 Use Hand Tools Using Hand Tools MEE721205
10 Prepare Weld Materials Preparing Weld Materials MEE721206
11 Setup Welding Equipment Setting up Welding MEE721207
Equipment
12 Fit up Weld Materials Fitting up Weld Materials MEE721208

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
13 Repair Welds Repairing Welds MEE721209
CORE COMPETENCIES
14 Weld Carbon Steel Plates Welding Carbon Steel MEE721306

and Pipes Using SMAW Plates and Pipes
Using SMAW
MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Weld Carbon Steel Plates and Pipes

using SMAW
MODULE TITLE : Welding Carbon Steel Plates and Pipes

Using SMAW
DESCRIPTOR : This unit covers the skills, knowledge,

attitudes required in welding carbon steel
Plates and pipes using SMAW process.
NOMINAL DURATION : 320 HOURS
QUALIFICATION LEVEL: NC II
Upon completion of this module, you must be able to:
LO 1. Perform root pass.

LO 2. Clean root pass.
LO 3. Weld subsequent/ filling passes.
LO 4. Perform capping.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
• Performed root pass in accordance with Welding Procedure Specification

(WPS) and/or client specifications.

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
• Visually checks weld for defects and repaired, as required.
• Weld is visually acceptable in accordance with applicable codes and
standards
• Root pass is cleaned and free from defects and discontinuities
• Subsequent/ filling passes is performed in accordance with approved
Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)
• Capping is performed in accordance with Welding Procedure
Specification (WPS) and/or client specifications.
LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY
Learning Outcome # 1 Perform root pass.

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
CONTENTS:
1. Materials and consumables (Electrodes, Base Metal).
2. Handling welding materials and consumables.
3. Handling welding tools and equipment.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
• Performed root pass in accordance with Welding Procedure
• Visually checks weld for defects and repaired, as required.
• Weld is visually acceptable in accordance with applicable codes and
standards
• Root pass is cleaned and free from defects and discontinuities
• Subsequent/ filling passes is performed in accordance with approved
Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)
• Capping is performed in accordance with Welding Procedure
CONDITION:
STUDENTS MUST BE PROVIDED WITH THE FOLLOWING:
1. Workplace Location.
2. Welding Machine, tools and materials.
3. Training Materials such as CBLM.
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
 Written/oral
 Interview
 Direct observation
LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome #1: Perform root pass.
Learning Activities Special Instruction

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
Read Information In this learning Outcome you shall prepare
sheet 1.1-1 the tools and materials needed to perform tack and
bevel.
To be able to do this, you need to identify the
Answer self-check different Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS).
1.1-1 Go through the information sheets and
answer the self-check and compare your answer to
the answer key to ensure that you understand the
WPS.
Read information In this learning Outcome you shall identify and

sheet 1.1-2 demonstrate how to bevel and tack the steel pipes.
bevel and tack procedures.
Answer self-check Go through the information sheets and answer
1.1-2 the self-check and compare your answer to the
answer key to ensure that you understand process
of beveling and tacking.
Do Task sheet 1.1-2 The output of your practice in this learning
outcome is the beveled and tacked steel pipe.
Read information In this learning Outcome you shall demonstrate how

sheet 1.1-3 to perform root pass on steel pipe.
Answer self-check Open root pass welding techniques.
1.1-3 Go through the information sheets and answer
the self-check and compare your answer to the
answer key to ensure that you understand process
Do Task sheet 1.1-3 of root pass.
The output of your practice in this learning
outcome is the steel pipe that has root pass.

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-1
SMAW 6G Fixed Pipe Welding Procedure Specifications
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
After reading this information sheet, you must be able to:
a. Identify the different SMAW 6G fixed Pipe Welding
Procedure Specifications.
b. Prepare the materials needed in 6G position

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS)
 Welding Process. SMAW
 Position. 6G Fixed Position
 Weld Progression. Up
 Backing. No
 Current/Polarity. DCEP
 Root Opening. 1/8 or 3.2 mm
 Grove Angle 60 degrees
 Material/Spec. mild steel plates and pipes
 Thickness. (pipe/tube): Groove (in) .56
 Notes. Sch. 80 Pipe
 Filler Metal Class. E6011 root pass
 Other Filler Metal Class. E601
SELF-CHECK 1.1-1
MATCHING TYPE:
Match column A to Column B. Write the letter of your answer on your

answer sheet.

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
A B
______1. Welding Process A. Sch.80 Pipe
______2. Filler Metal Class B. 60 degrees
______3. Position C. SMAW
______4. Grove Angle D. 6G fixed position
______5. Notes E. E6010
______6. Current F. 1/8 or 3.2 mm
______7. Welding Progression G. mild steel
______8. Materials Spec. H. Up
______9. Root Opening I. DCEP
______10. Backing J. No
ANSWER KEY 1.1-1
1. C

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
2. E
3. D
4. B
5. A
6. I
7. H
8. G
9. F
10. J
How To Bevel and Tack Steel Pipes
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
a. Identify the different Steps in bevel and tack procedures.
b. Perform bevel and tack.
BEVEL Procedures
1. Cut steel pipe in half on a power hacksaw or hacksaw.
2. Beveled it on a pipe beveling machine.
3. Grind off the oxidation from where the bevel was cut.

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
4. Grind the mill scale off of the outside of the pipe a minimum of one inch
back, then the inside of the pipe about a quarter of an inch back.
5. Check the bevel angles with a protractor.
TACK Procedures
The set-up of the pipe coupons was done on a V Block. Basically you
need to use an angle iron to lay the pipe coupons on. It keeps the pipe
coupons inline and makes it easier to tack. Then it needs a 1/8 cutting
wheel to set the root opening. Once the pipe was aligned properly put in the
first tack. Now once the tack cooled the pipe was out of alignment, used a
hammer to get the root opening even again. The tack welds will mainly
shrink on the keyhole side of the tack. The next tack was done on the

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
opposite side of the pipe. Tap the pipe a few times to get it to line up
properly, kept repeating this until it had four tacks. The first tack is in the
12 o’clock position, the second in the 6 o’clock position, the third in the 3
o’clock position and the fourth in the 9 o’clock position. All of the tacks were
about 3/4 of an inch long. Finally, checked to root opening with the 1/16
or1/8 cutting wheel and as usual the tack welds shrank, used the cutting
wheel to open up the root opening. This is one of those tricks that not a lot
of people will tell you about setting up open root welds. The cutting wheel
will almost always make a perfectly even root opening! That is the main trick
to passing any open root welding test! After being happy with the tacks and
root opening, feathered all of the tacks edged with the same cutting wheel.
Once the pipe coupons are tacked up put them in the arm that holds
the pipe in place. Took a level and set the pipe at 45 degrees. Next, set the
height of the pipe to where you wanted to weld it. It is preferred to weld the
bottom half of the pipe on knees and that also gives more stability than
standing.
SELF-CHECK 1.1-2
TRUE OR FALSE:
Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false.

Write your answer on the space provided.

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
_____1. The set-up of the pipe coupons was done on a V Block.
_____2. Grind off the oxidation from where the bevel was cut.
_____3. Check the bevel angles with a ruler.
_____4. Beveled it on a pipe beveling machine.
_____5. Set the height of the pipe to where you wanted to weld it.
_____6. The first tack is in the 3 o’clock position.
_____7. All of the tacks were about 1/2 of an inch long.
_____8. Cut steel pipe in half using a bolo.
______9. Once the pipe coupons are tacked up put them in the arm that
holds
the pipe in place
______10. It is preferred to weld the bottom half of the pipe on knees and
that
also gives more stability then standing.
ANSWER KEY 1.1-2
1. T
2. T

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
3. F
4. T
5. T
6. F
7. F
8. F
9. T
10. T
TASK SHEET 1.1-2
Title: Perform Bevel and Tack on Steel Pipe.
Performance Objective:
Task is performed in accordance with Welding Procedure Specification

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
Materials: E6011, carbon steel pipes, grinding and cutting disc
Equipment: PPE, Welding Machine, Power hacksaw / Hacksaw, Beveling

Machine,
Electric Grinder.
Procedures:
Phase 1. Bevel
1. Cut steel pipe in half on a power hacksaw or hacksaw.
2. Beveled it on a pipe beveling machine.
3. Grind off the oxidation from where the bevel was cut.
4. Grind the mill scale off of the outside of the pipe a minimum of one inch
back, then the inside of the pipe about a quarter of an inch back.
5. Check the bevel angles with a protractor.
Phase 2. Tack
1. Set-up of the pipe coupons was done on a V Block.
2. Tack the 12 o’clock position, next the 6 o’clock, next the 3 o’clock and
finally the 9 o’clock.
Assessment:
1. Written Test
2. Demonstration
3. Oral Questioning

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 1.1-2
CRITERIA YES NO
Root pass is performed in accordance with Welding
Procedure Specification (WPS) and/or client
specifications.
Task is performed in accordance with company or

industry requirement and safety procedure.
Weld is visually checked for defects and repaired, as

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
required
Weld is visually acceptable in accordance with applicable

codes and standards
Root pass is cleaned and free from defects and

discontinuities
Subsequent/ filling passes is performed in accordance

with approved Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)
Capping is performed in accordance with Welding

Procedure Specification (WPS) and/or
client specifications

Open Root Pipe Welding Procedure
Learning Objective:
a. Identify the Open Root Pipe Welding Techniques and basic
trouble shooting guidelines.
b. Demonstrate the skill in performing root pass in steel pipe in
6G position.
The 6G open root was done with a 1/8 E6011 electrode at 83 amps using
a whipping technique. Most of the time dragging at about 5 degrees while
pointing the rod to the center of the pipe. If you do not always point your
rod to the center of the pipe and keep the keyhole centered you will get a
lack of fusion. In the event that the keyhole is closing up you need to
lead the rod at about 5 to 10 degrees. The hard part of the root is the
bottom half of the pipe.

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
`
Below are some basic guidelines for trouble shooting open root welds. Above
all, when you are not sure about the root, STOP WELDING at once!
Keyhole Getting to Big
 Increase the angle of the electrode.
 Lower the amperage.
 Start to whip the rod in longer motions.
Keyhole Closing Up
 Start pushing the rod forehand toward the direction of travel.
 Increase the angle of the push.
 Raise the amperage.
Concave Root or Suck Back On the Inside Of The Pipe
 Push the rod inside the pipe so the arc is in the inside when welding.
The sound of the electrode burning should be coming from the inside
of the pipe.
 Slow down your travel speed.
 Start to use a Very tight whip that is almost a slow steady motion. You
want to give the electrode enough time to properly fill the root.
 Lower your amperage.
 Keep the keyhole smaller.
Excessive Root Weld Reinforcement
 Increase your travel speed.
 Use a longer whipping motion.
 Pull your electrode further out of the root when welding.
 Lower the amperage.
Restart Trouble or Tie in Lacks Fusion.
 Feather all tacks and restarts with a grinding wheel.
 Piggy Back all restarts and tie ins at least a 1/4 of an inch.
 Pause for a second on all feathered edges to burn in properly.
 When tying in don’t stop welding until you have penetrated the tack
and covered most of it.

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
How to Do an Open Root Pipe Weld in the 6G Position
1. The first part of root is from the 6 o’clock to the 9 o’clock position.
2. The second part of the root is from the 9 o’clock to the 12 o’clock position.
3. Next root pass is from the 6 o’clock to 3 o’clock position.
4. My final root pass was done from the 3 o’clock to 12 o’clock position.

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
SELF-CHECK 1.1-3
MULTIPLE CHOICES:
Choose the letter that corresponds to your answer.

Write the letter of your answer on your answer sheet.
1. Which of the following is the first part of root pass in steel pipe?
a. 6 o’clock – 3 o’clock b. 12 o’clock – 6 o’clock
c. 6 o’clock - 9 o’clock d. 3 o’clock to 12 o’clock
2. Which part is hard to perform root pass?

a. 6 o’clock – 3 o’clock b. 12 o’clock – 6 o’clock

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
c. 6 o’clock - 9 o’clock d. 3 o’clock to 12 o’clock
3. Which of the following is the way to solve Excessive Root Weld

Reinforcement?
a. Feather all tacks and restarts with a grinding wheel.
b. Lower your amperage.
c. Slow down your travel speed.
d. All of the above
4. What is the cause for the Keyhole to Get Big?

a. Feather all tacks and restarts with a grinding wheel.
b. Lower your amperage.
c. Slow down your travel speed.
d. Increase the angle of the drag.
5. Which of the following electrode is used for root pass?

a. E7018 b. E6011 c. E7014 d. E6018
ANSWER KEY 1.1-3
1. C
2. C
3. B
4. D

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
5. B
TASK SHEET 1.1-3
Title: Perform root pass in carbon steel pipes.
Performance Objective:
Root pass is performed in accordance with Welding Procedure Specification
Materials: E6011, carbon steel pipes sch80, cutting disc, grinding disc
Equipment: PPE, Welding Machine, Portable grinder
Procedure/s:
1. Gather the materials, tools and equipment needed for the task.
2. Fix the pipe in 45 degrees and set the current to 83 amps.
3. Perform 1st pass from 6 o’clock – 9 o’clock.
4. Perform 2nd pass from 9 o’clock – 12 o’clock.
5. Perform 3rd pass from 6 o’clock – 3 o’clock.
6. Lastly, perform the 4th pass from 3 o’clock – 12 o’clock.
7. Check the root pass.

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
8. Allow metal to cool.
Assessment Method:
1. Written Test
2. Demonstration
3. Oral Questioning
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 1.1-3
CRITERIA YES NO
Root pass is performed in accordance with Welding
Procedure Specification (WPS) and/or client
specifications.
Task is performed in accordance with company or

industry requirement and safety procedure.
Weld is visually checked for defects and repaired, as

required
Weld is visually acceptable in accordance with applicable

codes and standards
Root pass is cleaned and free from defects and

discontinuities
Subsequent/ filling passes is performed in accordance

with approved Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)
Capping is performed in accordance with Welding

Procedure Specification (WPS) and/or
client specifications

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla
RESOURCES & REFERENCES
Joey Smith - 2014 - SMAW – Retrieved

April 15, 2016 @ www.migweldingtricks.com
Victor Eli – 2015 – 2016 – GoWelding.Techniques - Retrieved

April 15, 2016 @ www.weldingtechniques.com
Gruenberg Tamara – 2015 – Lets GO Welding! – Retrieved

April 16, 2016 @ hhtp.www.weldingsymbols.com
Armando Z. Villegas – 2013 – SMAW – Retrieved

April 17, 2016 @ www. ArmandoSMAW.com
Training Regulation for SMAW NC II.
Tesda.gov.ph

CBC FOR G- 2017
Rodrigo C. Suico 1
Karl Max C. Dumotan
Richard D. Laraňo
Cristobal B. Opalla

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COMPETENCY BASED CURRICULUM

SECTOR METALS AND ENGINEERING

QUALIFICATION SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING NC II

UNIT OF WELD CARBON STEEL PLATES AND PIPES USING

MODULE TITLE WELDING CARBON STEEL PLATES AND PIPES

NAME OF SCHOOL DON CARLOS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Date developed: JULY 8-9, Document # 1

Welcome to the module in “Welding Carbon Steel Plates and Pipes

 Read information sheets and complete the self-check. Suggested

Date developed: JULY 8-9, Document # 1

1 Participate in Workplace Participating in Workplace 500311105

5 Apply Safety Practices Applying Safety Practices MEE722201

Date developed: JULY 8-9, Document # 1

14 Weld Carbon Steel Plates Welding Carbon Steel MEE721306

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Weld Carbon Steel Plates and Pipes

MODULE TITLE : Welding Carbon Steel Plates and Pipes

DESCRIPTOR : This unit covers the skills, knowledge,

NOMINAL DURATION : 320 HOURS

LO 1. Perform root pass.

• Performed root pass in accordance with Welding Procedure Specification

Date developed: JULY 8-9, Document # 1

LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

Learning Outcome # 1 Perform root pass.

Date developed: JULY 8-9, Document # 1

Learning Outcome #1: Perform root pass.

Learning Activities Special Instruction

Date developed: JULY 8-9, Document # 1

Read information In this learning Outcome you shall identify and

Read information In this learning Outcome you shall demonstrate how

Date developed: JULY 8-9, Document # 1

Date developed: JULY 8-9, Document # 1

 Position. 6G Fixed Position

 Root Opening. 1/8 or 3.2 mm

 Grove Angle 60 degrees

 Material/Spec. mild steel plates and pipes

 Thickness. (pipe/tube): Groove (in) .56

 Notes. Sch. 80 Pipe

 Filler Metal Class. E6011 root pass

 Other Filler Metal Class. E601

Match column A to Column B. Write the letter of your answer on your

Date developed: JULY 8-9, Document # 1

______1. Welding Process A. Sch.80 Pipe

______2. Filler Metal Class B. 60 degrees

______3. Position C. SMAW

______4. Grove Angle D. 6G fixed position

______5. Notes E. E6010

______6. Current F. 1/8 or 3.2 mm

______7. Welding Progression G. mild steel

______8. Materials Spec. H. Up

______9. Root Opening I. DCEP

ANSWER KEY 1.1-1

Date developed: JULY 8-9, Document # 1

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-2

How To Bevel and Tack Steel Pipes

Date developed: JULY 8-9, Document # 1

1. Cut steel pipe in half on a power hacksaw or hacksaw.

2. Beveled it on a pipe beveling machine.

Date developed: JULY 8-9, Document # 1

5. Check the bevel angles with a protractor.

Date developed: JULY 8-9, Document # 1

Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false.

Date developed: JULY 8-9, Document # 1