Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 7

de b kV k>T\~q =*

s K] s # s TT l y ]
dT+<ss eTeT]. > d+es+ yT 22q
jTq eTsD+# e] D+ esL
b\T sdH >&| q y] eTsD+
s + eTTd b sTTq s TT+~. y]
d...

y] dT+<s seTeT]

+< d kV
neTsX+
29`01`1936 ` 22`05`2010

s +{\ jT<e

n\\T ~*H bf! yT~*H bf! \\T #~]H bf! \ #+~H bf! @ b H
b&q... T bfq |dy&q...!
|{ <<| 33 @ + de\ (1978) $ y] dT+<ss eTeT] |\$ +q b
~. s +&Tqs <Xu\ |> \T>T de bqT @# ~ | +> @*q z d$ s MT~ ueT\ d+
sdq ^+ n|jT +>H @y n#T >T~qT jTq J$ d]bsTT+~. r] +& b\
|j D+ q+ \+ jTq ...@\T+f b... yT\T+f b... b&T+f b!
n... n+f neT|s+... n sd+B jTH! \T>T |< q~q+.. ~ Cq|< Cq|<+...
@&T ds @eTe>... y\dq *jTT> $w|<+... n sjT>*+B jTH! qT s*, q<T\T>
k, es<
bsTT, &* b+>... d ^{ jTq |sT&T bXsT. eT+q>] e\ sT>& ns \
eTsyT], neds { y&THsT. |<\ &THsT. n+<TTq $es\qT { #d, \T>T
+es n~+ > <<| 5 y\ |> de b\T sdq $ L& jTH. d $ sejTD+
d(^)qT nHwd |yV d< X+> kq jTq |kq+ dT+<s( seT)+&! n+<T , y] dT+<ss eTeT]H |\T\ \T>T $ sdd], XdVd d s$ CeT].

$TH{ d&T e#q e...


q yTT (qT) efdH, eTqdT qT+ eq e b {H, @~ eTT+<, @~
yqT #| qT s#q #jT &+ y] $w uD. ds |< d+jq yT n<T+ > b{+, D

b{, n+<] n|uT * #jT &+ |u deTT<T& ns k< eTT<.
y] |u m+ >=|<+f- jTq ds+> |yX + H{ \T>T d ^s#
q \T r]q
j<T \T, |+&T \T m+<s ] HsT. n+<sT VeVMT\T+&> |yX + <=s& y T z $Xwy T , eN
s>H =~ d+esH y+<] n~>$ T+, s dT >Ts+ eTT+<T <dTbsTT n>kq+ n+<Te&+
\T>T|\T 2011

128

eT $Xw+ . \T>T d ^ #] y] s dw+ q


#] n~. nsTTH deTjT+, d+<s + eq|& |+>[,
eT~, jT\qT q s<T\T> |s=+,
|<\ b+&, |uq |k$dH e#sT.
n|Ps |ue+T& |j D+ |{ 75 @
+ c ~$deT |< |* yTT<+~.
d+^, kV, jTTs< $<\ |~ nsTTq y]
e+X+ eT+, #+<XK sXd <+|T \ 1936 qe]
29q dT+<sseTeT] +#sT. eTT\ s
skjTq X\ |] jTTs< y< X\qT q&|q y]
dT+<sX d jTq >s , |+& |+&T\T y]
|u sX d> sT k |<Hq. H n_sT , n_
yX+ \>& |< q sD+ e +&>sT, e |+ &
>sT. +{ \+sT\T me> edT+ &ysT. y
+{ >w sT>TT+&~. qq+ Hy \T d]>Z
se. <+, qqT d]>Z &T#ysT L& <T. ={
eT, qqT +{ #~$+#ysT n d+>T \T #bsT.
n+<T jTq, >e T+ X+ H~! |dT < |H~!!
n+ # d+<s nHsT.
uy& mdt.sY.sY. n+& d.$.sY. X\
] Xd+ +X+> _.@. #XsT. n& |Hd
\T> $ de{ $XH< d HsjTD #| q \T>T
bs\T y] kV+, |< s#q y| eT]+ yTT>
Z
#XsTT. _.@. |Psj
, 1956 b++ eT<dT e,
#<e&+ yTT<\T|{sT. s+& #~y, nH
s>+ |\T sjTbsTTq y] |q #<Te
=qk+# , <>\ y |&sT .

qT s* q<T\T> k...
de ekq m|& nqT y] |
s#q <jT+> e, < qT+ de essT.
y]~ 36 @ d J$yT, <<| 14 @|H |
s#H J$+! | s#H eekjT nqTue + q b\
|\kj <V<+ #d+< jTq #ksT #|
=#sT. jTq yTT< eTT\ sC y] dV s+
eT<dT m&sY Hs y+fXsse ks<+
+<|u ~q| s*dT> J$+ bs+_+#sT.
@Ds+ +<|u $jTy& s*y&+,
sTeT\ seT#+< dV s+ eT<dTH +< d
ys| #ssT. n& H\T> =\Te sTy,
T+ sD\ e\ eT $jTy& e#d, +< |u
> T +s T ]bs s Y > # s s T . n| { j T q sd q
>T+sT TsT, | |~> V<su< Xdq

du y[ jTq n+~+q nd+; >\ qT+...


o]\T | sD. |q mjsY Vq+ yTs
eT<dT y[bsTT, de |jT\T #XsT. nT
sT y V<su< +< q | y] Vq+
yTs n+<T #ssT. 1967 b++ | d+b
< u< \T #|{
, eT& | | HsT.
| s#q y] #|q y>+, d<'d],
ys o]\
T |&+ HsT , $K]> ys y<q
zsT yTT<q$ s+ysT |{ #|+
e+{sT. <s, <sDX s +& jTq k++. 1962
lX\+ $<T+<+ X+k|q eq |<qeT+
eVsY HVAqT +s #jT&yT , du
HVA #dq sdsDjT |d+> | |~>
+<|u y~+#sT - y]. n|{ HVA #dq
|d+ > $, b\T b+& sjT&yT +&, #bjT
eTT+<T es >TsT+ #Tq+ <sD y]~.
|q | s#q qT+ eT+> d s+>+ y|
yTT>ZsT. s+>+ \T yb ue, \HX,
k+<ss<q , <\
d$TXeT+> y] eTTqT+
<T <dTbjsT. d ^ s#s TT> e]H, jTq
| s#s TT dJe+> *#&T. mH # { d+b<
j \T sdq y] d s#s TT> dT|d< T & q sT y
sE eT z d+b<j
T + sj* e+~. eTV$
ll eTsD+q|&T H&T ~q| @]] eT
jTq d+b<j
T + ssTT+#T+~.

ds s> >+> |yVyT...


C, \T>T d > jT #] y] jTT>
s nes+ jTq eTT+<T s+ eq sT<,
jT \T eTTqT+<T>H }V+#sT. |<\
os<,
jTq b\T be<T . | s#s TT> |u qsq
y] yTT< des+> V++~ mj sY.
nsTT, |[|\T|, B <s y] |]#jT +
#d |jT \T d|\
+ <T . _.mH. s & \d nsTT<T
H\\T X$T+, <, e\T sdq edTu\ eT d{
| y <T . deTjT+ y] Xe H+ d]
=\qT q~ $, |se+q <s&T . $XH< q
z d < (1974) <s jTqqT d ^ s#sTT>
y+&s MT< #sT. + us H #]eTT
eT<Ts <u]eTT beq >TD $dT]eTT... n+
d+d |<usTTw+> V]< s#q s+_+q
y] nq \+H sdTusTT bsdTHqT...
nq>*>sT.
18e H C| d+

129

d |]XeT yD neds\T, dVT\


d\V\T, d#q\T &e&+ |]DeT e jTq
dT\u+ >H k~+#>* >sT. H e T+ ]q H $TT\T
d+d |< u sTTw s#q \ qT+ keq | q+
y| <w |eTHsT. +< |u H dV bjTT\T,
dT\T, $ - s#s TT nsTTq s +{\ >b\w H
d J$| =* sE $jTy& eTHse V{
z n_q+<q du
|d+ d, m m q~... n
n nq~... nq+ *> q+ H |* b\T sd,
yD deT $> s\+ \&s+ Hq
d\V |{ >Ts. d\V\ |ueyT n&$ seTT&T,
jTeT>\ (1977) \ qT+ e]q H qkeq
<sD |sD n y] $e]+#sT.
eT]jT y*q b\T sdH,
d+<s+, dyX+ eq|&T z+s H<qT d+<qeT
>qyT X+susDeTT... (X+susD+ - 1980) nHsT.
H< $H<eTT H $deTT |se T dTKeTT |<e T...
(k>s d+>eT+ - 1883) n &+ CsTT+#sT. y<+
nDTeDTeq H<+... n e eTs rdT
y >*>sT. n+<T , ue dT>+<+ - uc |+<\ yT\T
\sTT>, $ b&e T {| &
, sde TT - < - beTT
n+{ deT+ <T d ^ d+ e ksTT
*+q \T>T e K]ysT y].
H nsyT+< |\ nseTeT+< nqT
+Tq s\T |]q sE n+<T _q+> \T>T
de b $ b&e TqT #L ]q y] e +{
y kc+> |DeT+ #d | <T n y]
sT y \T>T de b $\Te\ e\Te\T {q eTs
|d< ^ s#sTT d]yH\ dseTXd du eTTK+>
k] #bsT. y] e+ debqT + <
+> L& sjTe# H <s$T+~ <s&T .
$XH< n $qeT+> nHysT. e <w
+#T=H,
<s\T . $XH< H |P >TsT<e\T, |
deqT\T. >TsTV sdq b\ <s H jTTw
|]+~ n y] z d+<s + |s=HsT.

ms bsTT e#qT sTbjqT...


bXd |MDT\T mesT @ sT y\+f, n~
e+& e&+ qf, \T>T d bX\ y] b\T
sd#sT. dyX, b\L >ZT X+>s d+
+>s+, >T+uq +>, | |<> T +uq +> sdq Hs
jTH! sdTusTT bsdTq \T... (n&$ seTT&T
- 1977), #Tq &d q |+<\T... (y>&T - 1979)
\T>T|\T 2011

130

n+<T sT>T k\T. n< deTjT+ HT=T&T


Ms=T&T qT=T&T ... (HT&T - 1988), =sMTqT
eT\+ ks#| Xuq+... (<s+ - 1992), q<yT
N\T y... (d+V~ - 2003) +{ eT H\usT
b\ sdq <Tw jTq<! n+<T , yD d\
deTT<+ =TbTq \T>T de He edt
b\ eT++ s #| (#T) mdq b||D\T
y]yq =+<sT n+{sT.
b kV ksTT >T]+ #s e, =
k jTq b $\Te\ ef$T y
#|q|&T, y] > <T*#sT. b @<H
eT+ n+X+ |+H, #&T n+X+ |+H n~
f +T+~. + ksTT f kV+ ksTT
L& +T+~ n +&<\
T ={sT . ll, sT<,
jT +{ H |PsT\T d+ ...........H sC...
+{ b\T sXsT. dyX, <s, s\ n_
sT, neds >
Z T n+{ b\T sjT | <T.
HqT sdq z\MT s +<... b #dq|&T H
u< *+~. n|&T s#sTT\T jT, &.$. qsd
sE\T, d s+>+ s#sTT> e#, ne\y
n&+~ sd y*. y qTe sjTb, n< d
yX n+ H e ksTT b +=&T sk&T
n+ z<ssT n y] d+>T \T #| =#sT.
edt b\ y| y] eT*q <s&> .
s|T y+<se |sTqT |s= rs*. +<\, y] M]<] | n&$ seTT&T, eTs| d]d] eTTe
sY |< eT\T| ]+~. n&$ seTT&T b\
>TsTe (y]) >] s#q ! n&$ seTT&T w e+f
eTqTw\T TTw\esT... n sdqT>H d e
jTq eTV|sTw&> m~>sT n s|Ty+<se
#bsT. + eTs b sdTusTT bsdT
HqT... n|{ | H{ |*+~. u|d t ed
n&$ seTT&T dw+q n|Ps ]sT n|{ {
sbjT\ b> |s=q b yqT |< < +~.
+ b\ sddq jTq, b
e+ sjT<T . n|{ eq, ss \ yeT\

q r] +& q >TsTe>sT V<su<


H+ <! & eTs |< $ ssTT+#T+&
nHXsT. H eT& b&b sTT+~. n s\ b\ MTsT
sjT>\sT. @eTT+~! <
d+<s >
Z T> Vs,
VssTTH sdTusTT bsdTHqT... n sd #\<!
n Xe> nHXqT. y+H >TsTe>] eT& e#d+~.
eT+ L #sT n H n+, n|{|&T

e |\$ =* b<+> b yTT+ sdXsT, n


s|T y+<se d+>T \qT yd s#s TT >TsT
#dTHsT.
b+> ><e]...
bNq kV+, d+|<jT+ T\T *dq
s#sTT f, \ds> kbjT \T>T d ^
d+<s\ d+ T ]> b\qT y]
|*+#sT. nu+ >, du+ > Xw \
T, jTeT~ n\+s\qT
n+<+> y&q <T d $ L& ys! n#sTeq
- n...#sTeq +{ |j >\T y] esT\T. |
us d eq+ #+<eTr e+>\+... (||Tq1985) +{ uyyX| |<\T jTq s#qH
|+# | \
T. d ^ s#s TT V+B X
+ <q,
$T+ D<dHq, eT\j+ yjTsY s$
esq m+ >=|> s~+, y] X* k~+#
y] + b s#q >TsTe mesT? =*s+
de e s , qT&, s#s TT nsTTq < >b\+
e\ de b\T m sj*, b s#q yT\e\T
@$Tq~ jTq \TdTHsT. d ^ s#sTT
\| n+f eT~ ys! b+> b m sj
\q~ eT~ y] #d, HsqT n y] djT+>
#bsT. sj\H, |seT T sj\H ds
|< d+<q+, ~ - eT< - n+ bd\T, jT, |<
+<\ |j >+ y] | d]> b{+# b<$ T
s#H d\T.
1990\ ~rjs+ sTy d |]XeT V<s
u< s*e#, qe jTTe $+ ]#,
V<su< ysT\+ =+<] <s-s\T
uT C\T e&+ yTT<\T|{, z n+f &+ s |
s b\T sdd <sD bs+ue Tj- y] d
s#H sa] e& +Z ~, d& +Z ~. nsTT, 24 s
b ^T ssTT nsTTq jTq eT n... n+f neT
|s+... (s - 2004) n k] \+ $~*+, edt
b\ eT+y~ q s|+#THsT. b HH sX,
d|sY V{ nsTT+~. , m+<T V{ nsTT+< H
*jT<T n+H, s#sTT> q s+& Cj
jT\T<ssT. jTeTTHrs+ d+<s>+... (q+< 2004), b+> ><e }+~ # e]... (><e]
-2006) +{ b\ J$ #se++q y]
qT sjT>*q bf$T{, H sjT>*q ef$T{
{sT.
+<|<X |uT+ d ^ s#q q+~ nysT
bs+_+q =* @&< |+T\eT (1977) +

eqdMD eT<T ^+... b $C> *q y]


sT y eq$ eTs nsTT<T q+<T\T, CrjT
nysT! e T ^ s#s TT q+~ nysT\
T s+_+
#, 1992 es =* |~VH sT q+<T\T n+<T
=q y] sT y qT J$+ +&>, $T*q
18 @q k] L& |sks+ \_+#b e&+
X#jT+ n \T>T de b| |]X<q #dq &s Y
|&b \ yU+#sT. +> >eTd, 18 @
L& y] b nysT nsyTq b\T #H
HsTT.
, e<yue (1993) s*bjT |y
s>+<T... b y] CrjT nysT \_++~.
\T>T d ^ =*k]> CrjT |sks ll
(n\] dseTsE- 1974- \T>T Ms es...)
k~+ |{, 18 @ $seT+ sT y s +&k] \T>T
b s+&k] |+ {q |Tq y]<. nysT
b #sT , C CrjT nysT nsyTq
jTq b\T =\\T. >eT$T+f, md; s+&T
CrjT nysT\
T, |. dTo\ s +&T CrjT nysT\
T,
mdt. Cq z CrjT nysT, , X\\ q+~
nysT\
T eq b\T y] s#q !
nqTy< \ ^ s#q #dTq|&T L&
HsT> sdq b n|+# |u #|&+ y]
s#q s# |+# >TD+. nqTy< ^H,
n#yTq \T>T b <+# sjT&+ y]
>=|<q+ n+{sT eTDs+. b dyX+ qyT,
n+<T qT+ d] b+~, nTeT s#q #jT&+
y] nsT<q \D
+. n jTq sdq b\
18e H C| d+

131

q HjT+ #jT & <s D eT s#H |sD


dT+~ n eTDs+ $Xw+#sT. dHq d+d,
Cq|<, s, V+<Tk, bX d+^ d+|<jT+
*dq $ f, |eT, |[, y<q, y<q, X+>s+,
y<++ - @ d+<s + bH |{ njsT.
$T+ D< dH L , V+B q+< \T>T |
s|+> y] *#sT. V+B |eTTKTq |
\V], +<+{ y jTqqT +< n+f,
$T d |eTTKT\T m+.mdt. $XH<H , usrsC +{
y \T+>T D<dH n |*#sT.

m&] sTT\...
nsTT, esTTq \+ bT e]q d
kV <sDT\T y] \es|] #sTT. y \T>T
de b sj\+f kV+ neds+ <T . d+d+
neds+ <T . \T>T u> neds+ <T . q e
#b\+f - y \T>T b q~ \T>T <T.
\T>Tq+ uD \T $], ns \T z eT\
]>sTT n y] s#sTT u{ k]
y<q > nHsT.
<Ts< w+ @$T+f, ys #| qT, HqT sdq
no\ ^\ ysdT\T <=]sT , eT ^\
ysdT\T <=s<T. n>, qT qH b*d
|&T de+ eq $|]De\T, ds+> |yX +
#dq |{ sE\ b* #d, y ds+>+ e]q
$\Te\T jTqqT s+s+ u< |&T e#sTT. Jeq
jq #se <jT+ d+> jTq |< |< |k
$+#ysT. eT~, |+>[ +{ ysT & T =
sT. y yTeT+ \e+#T= TTH+.
|dT + d ^ s#s TT H ud + eTs={ <T .
kV+, d+^+ |yX + y d+ #| e
\ \ >Z*q |]d . es de y&T \T @yH
]H, y+{ d+^ <s &H | , ^ s#s TT
\qT \T#T=Hy&T L& &T ! n jTq u<| & sT .

eqdMD eT<T ^+...


n$T+> |sT |UT\T eq|{ m+
>s +>, |<\
bT |q\qT d+ eTs<> #d,
dVo\, dsd d+uwD kd m+<]H T q
y] J$+ $yT q ~. s*dT> |#d , keq
yTq J+ d>T eT<s> J$> q sE\
jTq \TdT. +{ MT< Ns, <+&+ MT< s +&
Ns uT +& >TTq us de\ , #+{
|\\
uy& usyT q yq \| y<H u] J$+
\T>T|\T 2011

132

y Tq y] \T ~| sT, @\+ H\T>T


de +|\T H\T>T ys sT ksY V T #dq
H\T>T ><T \ eT< s{&q sE\ HsTT. eTs
+ <j de q d+< \ eT< deTjT+ >& |d+B
y. k] <, L&<q TH X]eT\ njT|
B , @ }s[H, ;|t dTH q dE |PCeT+~s
y+fdT =, \ d+< \T |P\ >&| + B jTH!
@.d. ><T q bqT nqTu$ d, | d+
|\e]+q ns |$T&T jTq. |{q |< |*
b+eTH, |]q uy&H, ]q c rseTH
jTq e\e*q |eT. qq+ qT+ q d+^
b~ #d, J m>=Z{ # \ y #dq d+^ >TsTe
XyD nsTT, kV- d+^ ||+#+ qqT
|+, bw++~ eT<dT q>se T+ jTq s<q >
#TsT. | , |j D, |\> *, |d+ <q u
H |$T+#&+ , k~+#&+ , y{ d+ ,
s y+#&+ y] eTT+<T+& ysT. d+
r]>Z +f HqT #d~ - ]yT. n~ y]yT.
} sT>T +&&+ , } sT>T +&&+ H
w+. | #d y +f # q+<+>
+T+~. sT>T y Tq|&T #q\T eksTT.
n~ s>, jTTwq dT+~ nHsjTq. n
qT ]q q<T\T, q<\T, }, | n+{ M\Tq
q | bq n+<+> b~>sT. >* >\
+<, |
&e +< b sjTqH jTq eT<dT e&|
$Cj >sH ]]+> ~jT sY <>sZ e$T& #T +<
|X++> Ls=, mH b\T sXsT.
y] eTV uq|jT T\T. @ } m&, @+
u>T+T+< *d, \TdT= eT n& yysT.
eT<dT {| H sT y+{#\| d{
yTT<{
sE z y*q jT+s T wj
T sY yTdt, n&
e# kVr ~>+T\ >T]+ jTq m|& \T#T
+ +&ysT. &, e& H\+f n& y*.
d#yTq e HsTT n& #d e&\T eV! eTq
d+|<jT+, |< +& yTdt qT+# $T $
|eTTKT&T dTVD us d+ &\
T y $ n
d+>T \ >\> #T, #(#)e\]+#ysT.
qd\yTq c ~$deT |<|*
1999 | e] eT&T sE\ bT d+^, kVr ed+
y\T @sT #dq |&T n<T \ d+ jTq |
X< , \T+{ eT{ e+\T #sTT+ |{q d+>
y\ Vsq ysT |{ #| =H #e\]+#
d+>. n+<T , e>jT eTV|#&, |sT>d eTV],

n~yd n&$ d] , eH+ eTVdT+<]... (s+&T C


d- 1983) +{ ec |j >\T ys #jT >*>sT.

<=s H Te+{ d e...


<s&T . $XH<, H|< >jT&T mdt.|.
u\dTVD+ y]~ $&BjTs +<+. e
dT+<sj
T n+ y] s#q k>T\qT d+<s +
eq|& md; d]d +{sT. e dT+<sj
T
sdq kV+ 99 X+ HH b&qT. >jT&> H
d J$+, J$+ s>eTjT+, nqTs>eTjT+ e
& eTTKsD e dT+<sj
T \+ {, n
>s +> #| + +{sT.
.$. eTV<eH, syT XHjTT&T, sH-H>+<, ..
y+fX yTT<\T #e], jT sC MT<T> y[ sy D,
.m+. s<wH < > eT&Tqs <Xu\T> m+
eT+~ ds\ kV Je+ bdq ^ s#s TT> y]
| >jT\L, <s \L, d+^ <s \L z |
>se+. | &T d+^ <s &T #e] <>sZ dV jT&>
|#d , y] #<&T>q *, | e<yue ,
nqeTjT ~s \ d+^ <s &q sy D y]
MT< nbsyTq u. y] s#q\T b&q deTq
y>j
Z T sT\T eT+>+ |* u\eTTsw d+ y]
nH, n bH m+ w+ . eT+>+ |* e>q+ sTH ^+ y]. >jT&T sTH $
y].
b\ s#s TT>H ||+ # *dq y] s
s#q \T d+ >DjTyTq d+KH #XsT. +< d
ys|, s # |#dTq|&T jTq #dq
s#q\T >+<s|+ d+]+#TH <T. d] =\qT
q~ Xe H+, djq+ qT \dq
m+<s |eTTKT eT#T =+<] >T]+
ns s|$Tq yd d+|{ =eT =eT
dHsTT e+ |d s|+ e#sTT. #
@ + |d+> eq Jeqs>+ qe\
, |d s|+ d+]+#T eTde ,
T, s_HVQ& <\T
lV] < +{ <\
e>s |dT + n+<TuT e. n++<T!
>d<y T q jTq de bM |{
esL deT> d+|{\T>HH s<T.
H b b#Ts+ b+~q =+{
@], b\ |Ps|s\qT HqT #|&yT
+&, b\ >T]+ $Xw \ yU
q+ |d \T y\ +~. y] ysTT

q |<sT nH |sT |#T]+#\+, eTT|P&


y+ seTD>sT d+#sT n y] n|{ *
bsT. yTT+ sT d+|{\T> |&b\ ~sT\
d+b< |qT\T L& k>TTHjT s @ y T
jTq #|q VjT+ @yT+< *jT<T.
e=d, saTeT+~ H<+ nH |sTH y] q
|d< ^\ s#H H|< +, $Xc\ 1990\ esH
{.$. z d]jTqT n+~+#& |jT +#sT.
= u>\ wO{+> (|ks+ L&?) nsTTq |jT +
ysTT>T |PC] y] se& =~ u>\H
qTeTsT>bsTT+~.
y] <q T yDTy e#qT... |] k
ys| |#T ]+#\ m&{sY yeT] \syT s&
y T |jT +#sT. ds qq y] y>H Hsy s
+&H y[bjsT. eT~ seTwX d >sT m|&
#T eq CqT qT>TqT |T=, n< | lw
<esjT\ \+ H{ ke J$ d, l+
qT q+ eTT+<T rdT
<\T n+ ~$deT ><\
sy\qT+TqT y] s#
#TT+&ysT. ,
n~ L& jTq eTdw+H $T*bsTT+~. y
sejTD q<q X* |\\ d+ u\ dT+<s
sejTD+> sj\q ] rs <T . + #b\+f,
uT d+ de bqT XsTT+q y] |yV
> kbe&+ nT jTqL, T kV qwy T
#d+~. jTq |u by\qT deT>+> |<]+#
eT s H e T s # q \qT kV r + sTT+~.
yDyT |<qyTq de yTy n+<T yV
bsTT+~.

18e H C| d+

133

nqeTjT nH, >+B eTVT&H y]


n|]$TyT q s<q . X+>s sk b V+&+>
|+# y] lH<T& $ #|H, +^w e
{ qT >TsT #dH e\ |yV+ eTT+#k sT . bq
u>e+ u bseX+, >sjT sq
y<q* y] +& |k$dT+f, X\ >Ts&
#eT]dT+~. b d+<s+ eq|& >s
k$T |k$+# y] m+ u n+f, | @{
bs$ T sE #dT=, sTyjTsT y ysT. k$T
ed+q +{ |>\+ Ls=HysT. sy k$T
de~ <>Zs Ls=, b\T b&T=+, q+<+
nqTu$ +#ysT. mH >=| b\T sjT& n< jTq
n+s\q X e#T.

yDTy e#qT uT eH...


y] k] |]#jT yT, kV+ ~],
n~ s\ +<+ neT+~. eTw> m+ mT
m~H, eTqdT jTq m|& |dys! y]~
|d|\y& eTqd+. m|&T n\T>T&, m|&T
|k& *jT<T. |d eTqdT {, jTq \w+
+&<T . y<+|s + >HH , ke |s+ > m+ u>
sjT>\&, X+>s|s+>q n+ u> sjT>\&T.
jTq n y| |<TH! n+ <s&T .
$XH< nHsT. ]Xd+ |u<Tq y]
J$+ e+ ] eTD
, u$ wY ePV+ +{
#q be&+ $+. jTq eTT+<T C>
+& + >& |dq eTw. d+ \T L& d+b
~+#<T. jTq z \ y deTL] |{\
eT<dT yTyT+ |jT +#+. , n~ <sH <T
n $XH< $#s+> >TsT #dTHsT.
sT q+~ nysT\
T... s +& esTd> eTqd jT e T ^ s#s TT nysT. .. e T ^ s#s TT>

k] CrjT nysT. .. +<, H>sTq $X$<\j\T


q s +&T >se &s T... eTsH dHH\T, ds\T,
e+<\ =B b\ \
=B n_eqT\T... s>
n_eq <q+ +&T> H, J$| K] |T+
V<su< nMTsY| #sk <>]Z nbsYy T + n<
jTq ]s + >&|q J$ #dq
yse]H >T+& #eT]+# +T+~. eT eTTK+>
n\ eTsD =~ H\\ eTT+<T jTq V<su<
|
q>sY d+ C> d+ HsT ] eT M~ *
eq <Td #d, u<| & kVJe\T sT . nsTT,
n d++<\ ] d++< n qsqs \
+#Tq ddeT eTT+<T VQ<s| bk]
n\dk\d z&bjsT. sT y =H nHs>+
2010 yT 22 s ns+ s+ >H b\ |j D M&\T
|*sT.
1970\ sT y ese q \T>T d e d+^+,
kV+, |u, b+& +, y>+ , y>+ , u d ne
ds\ MT< ne>Vq, uw MT< ns - n ]
eTu$ +q |yV d< X d^eTeT] - y]
dT+<ss eTeT]. n+{ jTq H= <X
, qqT
|]XeT s + #d+ ~, $d]++~. ese q |]d T
ds+>+ H |keqqT sTe&+ <T . H<q kH
|{+#Te&eT <T n sX +&q >+ q
y<q qT $|+#sT. d $ V<jT + n+> _+#
& <] rdq yj
T , eek> sD\T @yH n$
y]+#<>Zy! |d . $XH< #|qT, y]
<T, J$ s +&T bs\THsTT. {- # {
$\T y\sTT+q bs+. eTs={ - $|\
eTHs< J$
bs+. kV+q, J$+q lH<T& b*
\Tq neTeT] ns X y[!!

H&T ~q| s*dT> J$+ bs+_+, nq \+H eTTK u< \T


sV+#sT l s+{\ jT<e. |dT+ +&j T& \T>T ys| |
#dT H sT. nHe T+~ ds+> |eTTKT\qT +s #XsT. +&j T& |#T ]+q
s+J$, H>sTq \ | d+ me u>+ s#q \T M]y. +& s +{\ >b\w
ysd n+~|#T= eT+H = $\T, nqTy<\T #XsT. +]
y+fXse eT d s*dT |sks n+<T=HsT. {e eT<dT
$X$<\jT+ qT+ \T>T &s{ |{ |#THsT. yd+ #H.

\T>T|\T 2011

134

You might also like