24

Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presented the tabulated and analyzed data of the study.

Interpretations and discussions are also given to exemplify the meaning of the data and

for further understanding.

I. Respondent’s Socio-demographic Profile

Table 1

Distribution of the Respondents’ Sex

Sex Frequency Percentage
Male 17 28%
Female 43 72%
Total 60 100%

As shown in Table 1, seventeen or (28%) of the respondents are males and forty-

three or (72%) are females. Most of the total sample of the respondents are Female which

is 72 percent. The result indicated that most of the employees in private sectors in

Marawi City were female.

The reason why there are many female employees than male employees that the

researchers gathered because according to the statistics of the Hive (2018), women work

10% harder than men in today’s offices, specifically this outbreak. Women are assigned

and spend more time on non-promotable tasks than man. That is why many women are

hired because of their productivity in work than man.

This explains that according to the study related to the sex and spending behavior,

Since males and females are raised differently by their parents (Thorne, 2003), sex roles
 25

may effect on how they work. More tasks overall are assigned to women, and they

contribute to more action across workspaces. That is why most of the employer chose

female employees than males because of the experience differences and insights.

Below are the responses of the respondents on why females are the most hired in

the private sectors there are in. These proved that sex roles may effect on how people do

their job as an employee.

Researchers: How can you say that they are more women who were likely
employed in private sectors? How are they capable?
Respondent 1: ‘Nakasanayan ng karamihan ng babae ngayun ay pagtatrabaho sa

bahay. And within that experience for years, kapakay a like gyuto
eh pakasold iran sa galbuk. Nagiging multipurpose ako sa bahay
eh… And pagkatapos ko maggraduate ng social work, nag-apply
ako sa isang N.G.O and they said are you capable of doing this
doing that tas gyuto aya akn pitaro na yes, kasi nung kabataan
hanggang ngayun ay parati ko yan ginagawa tulad ng pagiging
independent and kapakay a kakapta nakn so mga situational
problems ka si father akn e myagturo rakn.’
‘Most of the women nowadays are accustomed with working at
their homes, and within that experience for years, it is possible that
they qualified us for these. I work multipurpose at home. And also,
after I graduated for social work, I have applied in N.G.O and they
said if I am capable of doing this and that and I said yes, because
since my childhood days until now, I have always been doing those
things like being independent and I can manage situational
problems since my father taught me these.’

Respondent 4: ‘For me lang hah, But I was raised to be a hardworker person. Di

lang ako sure pero it depends on sa pamilya mo kung paano ka
nila maitataguyod. Galing rin kasi ako sa hirap kaya lahat
kakayanin para sa future ko. And look I am now, a successful
doctor.’
‘For me, I was raised to be a hardworking person. I am not sure,
but I believe that it depends on how your family supports you. I
also came from a poor family that’s why I can do anything. And
look at I am now, a successful doctor.’

Based on the responses, respondent 1 and respondent 4 agreed both said that it’s

within how they are raised for years. But additionally, Respondent 1 said that being
 26

capable to do things are by experienced, being independent, and be able to solve and

handle the situational problems encountered by the respondents.

Being able to do things and try things can be good for the future. And by that,

experiences will be able to help people no matter what. The respondents considered that

they were raised by performing when they were young. Respondent 1 said also that

people can be independent and solve situational problems as an experience.

This proved that the study related to the sex and spending behavior, Since males

and females are raised differently by their parents (Thorne, 2003), it can differ on both

sex. If they have experienced the same way as the respondent answered or more, it can

really differ on both sex because it has to be on how they raised by their parents. But

overall, females are the most capable and the reason they are needly hired for having

different insights than normal people.

Table 2

Distribution of the Respondents’ Income

Income Frequency Percentage
below P5,000 24 40%
P5,001 - P10,000 6 10%
P10,001 - P15,000 23 38%
above P15,000 7 12%
Total 60 100%

As shown in Table 2, six or (10%) were income of Php5,001 - Php10,000, seven

or (12%) were income of above Php15,000, twenty-three or (38%) were income of

Php10,001-Php15,000, and twenty-four or (40%) were income of below Php5,000. Most

of the total sample of the respondents’ incomewasbelow Php5,000.

 27

In analysis, due to COVID-19 pandemic, most private sectors’income has been

decreasing because of rapid economic expansion. Their income or net profit have been

the problem during this outbreak because some of their main services are physical

contacts like teaching, treating, and frontliners.

According to a literature related to the analysis is consequently, during the crisis

there might be a sudden surge of activity to a magnitude possibly overwhelming the

capacity of specific services that may greatly affect their money consumption (Fegert et.

al., 2020). During this outbreak, it is hard to do any actions specifically when people get

their money from their customers and students, but some sectors like hospitals get a lot of

attentions and they get many patients as coronavirus spreads in the world.

Here are the responses of the respondent who were asked by the researchers on

how they consume and how much money they gain from the private sectors they work.

Researchers: How much do you spend your money and how was this your
income? Is there any difference on your income before this
pandemic? Explain your answer.
Respondent 3: ‘I spend my money regularly on my daily basis like foods,
hygiene, and if I have an extra money in my wallet, I will spend in
on my leisures, travel to iligan, and buy luxuries. My income
during this pandemic is around 7,000 pesos. But before pandemic,
it was around 10,000 pesos because they were more active in my
member than this day. My co-workers tried harder even if we have
protocols and we had succeeded our mission to advocate every
youth in Marawi. We still have time to take all of the aspiring
youth leaders, but we won’t stop until we enhance them.’

Respondent 4: ‘Ahh oo I really like to spend a lot on pagkain, kailangan ng anak

ko sa school, and syempre para sa safety ng anak ko tulad ng face
shield, mask, hand sanitizer, and di natin malilimutan yung mga
gamit sa pagliligo para always clean and protected to viruses
especially sa ganitong pandemic. My salary was around 15k or
something pero this pandemic, medyo lumiliit yung mga pasyente
and really affected my income. About 9k pataas nakukuha ko
today. Not much, kasi naman pandemic, walang lumalabas for
their own safety.’
 28

‘Yes, I really like to spend a lot on food and my son’s need for his
school, and of course for his safety such as face shield, face mask,
hand sanitizer, and we will never forget the bathroom items tot
always clean and be protected to viruses especially in this
pandemic. My salary is around 15,000 or something but this
pandemic, our patients are a bit reduced, and it really affected my
income. Not much since this pandemic they do not come out for
their own safety.’

Based on the responses above, both agreed that during pandemic, there income

was lowered than before. Respondent 3 said that before pandemic, the money

accumulated by the respondent was around 10,000 pesos. The reason is they have many

active members in the organization than today. Respondent 4 salary before pandemic was

9,000 pesos. There reason is people don’t usually go out, but this is good for their health

safety.

It is hard to survive without income and with low customers, students, and

patients. The experienced they had been very torturing, and it can’t also be helped

because all of the people are affected by the COVID-10 pandemic. People need to do is

stay safe and follow health protocols and be able to bring back the things they were

supposed to be.

According to Fegert et. al. (2021), the crisis where people are in right now might

have a sudden surge of activity that may greatly affect their money consumption and

there source of money may decrease. In times of this outbreak, people cannot go out due

to the situation and absolutely may decreasingly affect their money consumption and

income. As people should be, they need to save money first rather than spend so much

and act upon the things they needed to increase the chance of survival.
 29

II. The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic When Employees Tend to Spend Their
Expenses in terms of Personal Needs, Work Purposes, Food, and Transportation.

Table 3
Weighted Mean and Standard Deviation for the Respondents’ Personal Needs
Personal Needs Weighted Standard Descriptive
Mean Deviation Remarks
1. During COVID-19 pandemic, I now compare 3.600 15.39 Strongly
prices when I buy necessities. Agree
2. During COVID-19 pandemic, I don’t hesitate to 1.900 10.39 Disagree
spend my money on latest fashion design for
clothes, shoes, and bags.
3. I now prefer budget-friendly prices that can 3.533 14.49 Strongly
save my money than higher and expensive in this Agree
COVID-19 outbreak.
4. I spend a portion of my income for the rent of 2.250 4.18 Disagree
my apartment/boarding house during this
pandemic.
5. During COVID-19 crisis, I postpone buying 2.550 7.45 Agree
necessities until during sales period.
6. I prefer buying effective and bestselling brands 2.883 8.34 Agree
for my health protection during COVID-19
pandemic at any price.
7. As it is hard to communicate in face-to-face 2.967 7.00 Agree
during COVID-19 pandemic, I allocate a lot of my
money for my communication expenses like texts,
call, and surf.
8. In this crisis, I don’t hesitate to buy my personal 2.983 8.92 Agree
needs because I use it every day and as my
routine.
9. I usually spend my money when buying 2.300 8.34 Disagree
necessities in online shops or platforms during this
outbreak.
Grand Mean 2.774 9.389 Agree

As shown in Table 3, the total average weighted mean for the result of the effect

of COVID-19 pandemic when employees tend to spend their expenses in terms of

personal needs with a grand weighted mean of M= 2.774 with a standard deviation of
 30

9.389, which means that, on average, the respondents answered Agree on all the

indicators.

The analysis of this table is that many of them experienced when it comes to the

personal needs, as it is really needed during this pandemic because shopping or spending

money to stores for people’s need were hard during that time. People must schedule or

assign when to buy whilst doing the health protocol. In by that, they prefer buying needs

in a lowest or cheapest price because most of them gain low income during this outbreak.

A good way to overcome it is to compare prices on the necessities that has been bought.

This why people budget their money and schedule themselves to prevent having the virus

and saving money.

According to Wright & Blackburn (2020), the priorities of the consumers are

focused only on the most basic needs just like for hygiene, staple products, and for

cleaning. People need essentials of life to take precedence because without it, it is hard to

survive. Consumers should be practical on what they do to provide themselves a good

body health assurance. The result of the study of the authors Parson &Vancic (2020) that

consumer’s buying behavior will be regard to the price sensitivity. This brings that they

will always buy things cheaper than expensive ones to budget their money and even save

them.

In connection to the authors Wright & Blackburn (2020), Respondent 5 and 6

intertwined the author’s statements that being practical in buying things such as hygiene

and staple products are good for our body and survivability.

Researchers: How do you spend your money during this outbreak? Can we
survive without these things? Clarify your answer.
 31

Respondent 5: The fact that you said how we spend our money, of course, we
buy first the necessities to live, to be healthy, and to be sane
that
can keep us away from diseases and illnesses.

Respondent 6: ‘Di ako di mamamasaan na so bu so importante. Di kodn

pamasaan so di kailangan sa everyday a galbuk amie. Gya
kasi na importante lagidu khakan ago so ipamaygo para at
least na mamot ta ago malusog ta apya ta mayto e kwarta diba…’
‘I buy the ones that are important, I do not buy what we don’t need
in our daily lives, because what matters to us is that we need in
everyday life just like foods and necessities like shampoo, soap,
and so on. Even though my income is small, at least we can eat
right, we can bathe properly, and we take care of ourselves
especially this pandemic.’

This states that both mentioned that they buy only important things. Respondent 5

responded that purchasing important things can make people live, be healthy, and in good

health to prevent any sickness that may affect our body. Respondent 6 don’t buy

unnecessary things for their everyday lives. It is important to eat well shower/bath, the

respondent added that at least they are aromatic and well-being or robust.

In analysis, buying important things is very necessary and compulsory to circulate

people’s every routine. The important things to buy will positively affect our health,

lives, and shun diseases that can destroy health. A nice hygiene is also important to make

sure that they are clean and neat-looking. People must buy things that they can use every

time and consumable.

As a human, they should prioritize only the needs to take or spend. The

consumers themselves should be genuine to pick things they should be able to use in their

daily routines as stated by Wright & Blackburn (2020). As to Parson & Vancic (2020),

The behavior of the consumer will depend on how the prices and income met. Buying

foods and hygiene kits, as said by the respondents, must be always prioritize rather than
 32

other non-essential things. This is because it can maintain the healthy lifestyle and may

prevent people being sick.

Table 4

Weighted Mean and Standard Deviation for the Respondents’ Work Purposes
Weighted Standard Descriptive
Work Purposes
Mean Deviation Remarks
1. During COVID-19 pandemic, I compare 3.317 12.67 Strongly
prices when I spend for work supplies. Agree
2. I don’t hesitate to spend my money when it 2.817 14.20 Agree
comes to work purposes during this outbreak.
3. I prefer buying work supplies from 2.800 7.11 Agree
known/popular stores rather than ordinary
stores because of the quality during this
COVID-19 pandemic.
4. During COVID-19 pandemic, I now spend 2.533 9.70 Agree
large percentage of my money on review
materials such as photocopies/printed handouts.
5. I spend my money to buy equipment and 2.567 9.57 Agree
tools for my work rather than what
school/organization/hospital gives me.
6. I don’t spend much money than I used to 2.283 8.15 Disagree
because I work at home during this COVID-19
pandemic.
7. I don’t hesitate to give money when my co- 2.750 10.17 Agree
workers plan to have a contribution for various
events.
Grand Mean 2.724 10.223 Agree

As shown in Table 4, the total average weighted mean for the result of the effect

of COVID-19 pandemic when they tend to spend their expenses in terms of work

purposes with a grand weighted mean of M= 2.724 with a standard deviation of 10.223,

which means that, on average, the respondents answered Agree on all the indicators.

People even in having a higher income always compare prices for their work

purposes just like supplies for their students, tools for their patients, or equipment for
 33

their members, but most of them work face-to-face because they work in service just like

teaching their students, healing their patients, and/or leading their member.

In connection to the findings of Lu & Lin (2021), the employment distress of the

employees affect’s their mental health and then changes their buying behavior. Workers

does not hesitate to buy their work purposes as it is needed to their work. They changed

their buying behavior because of this pandemic that causes them to rely to each

employees to brainstorm and contribute for their specified events.

This analysis can be improved by the two respondents, which are respondent 2

and respondent 3. Below is their response on the interview question provided by the

researchers.

Researchers: As an employee, do you buy things for your work purposes

regularly? If you have low amount of income or high amount of
income, does it affect your buying activities?
Respondent 2: Sometimes I buy, Sometimes I borrow. It’s just a matter of fact
that my co-workers and I contribute money to buy important things
just like bondpapers, and last time we add all of our money so we
can spend on buying a laptop and computer for the school. Even If
I have low amount of income or salary, I’ll just make a plan and
contribute with my colleagues because together, we can solve
anything even today’s pandemic.

Respondent 3: Yes, I do buy things for my work regularly because even if there is
a pandemic, the classes are still going on. I still buy some school
supplies and load for my internet classes. The amount of our
income does affect our spending behavior since I’ll buy expensive
products and eat from snack-inns regularly if I do have high
income. But because I am one of the people who have low income,
I must save my money and be mindful when I buy things like I
have to choose cheaper products and eat at home always.

This shows that the respondents have different tactics going on. Respondent 2 buy

and borrow sometimes from the co-workers. Even if the respondent has a low amount of

income, contributing money to each other can solve anything. Respondent 3 fully said
 34

yes when spending on the work purposes regularly. The respondent added that if they

have high income, they can spend on buying expensive products and eat from snack-inns

in routine, but in reality, with a source of low income, people must save money and being

careful to choose cheaper products.

It hits the reality that if people don’t have any, always lend a hand. Helping each

other can be a great structure for thriving things. People can borrow, contribute, and so

much more that brings up not only financially, but also socially giving. People must be

mindful also to spend less and save more when money spending when decreasingly

affects the money. But if you have high amount of money, give charities, and lend poor

people so they can survive peacefully during this outbreak.

As it said by Lu & Lin (2021), Interventions or tactics can affect people’s mental

health. Being productive may loose the economic distress of one self. People can rely on

each other and even every single day. As people grew their mental stability and able to

solve the problem, they can change their buying behavior into a new and great one.

Unlike before, it’s not that tough, but during this COVID-19 outbreak, this is hard. So, it

is a choice if people can rely on each other to spend on things like contribution and so

much for that, the deterioration of people’s mental health and buying behavior may not

produce because of helping each other.

Table 5

Weighted Mean and Standard Deviation for the Respondents’ Food

Weighted Standard Descriptive

Foods
Mean Deviation Remarks
 35

1. I don’t hesitate to spend my money when it 2.817 6.04 Agree

comes to foods during this outbreak.
2. I usually now prefer eating outside for more 2.350 4.06 Disagree
affordable choices of food during this COVID-19
pandemic.
3. I prefer spending my money to buy food with 2.283 5.96 Disagree
food delivery services because it is convenient
during this COVID-19 pandemic.
4. During COVID-19 pandemic, I spend my money 2.883 10.42 Agree
to buy ingredients and to cook for my own food
and meal.
5. I provide like rice and water and buy dish for 3.083 8.86 Agree
less expenses during this outbreak.
6. I don’t hesitate to buy snacks when I’m hungry 2.533 6.52 Agree
during break time in this crisis.
7. I contribute my money for meals like lunch and 2.650 9.14 Agree
dinner with my friends etc.
8. I eat my meals at home before going to work for 2.983 8.97 Agree
less expense during this time of pandemic.
Grand Mean 2.698 7.496 Agree

As shown in Table 5, the total average weighted mean for the result of the effect

of COVID-19 pandemic when employees tend to spend their expenses in terms of food

with a grand weighted mean of M= 2.698 with a standard deviation of 7.496, which

means that, on average, the respondents answered Agree on all the indicators.

During this COVID-19 pandemic, majority chose to spend their money to buy

ingredients and cook for their own meal. People need to be sure that their food contains

healthy packs. So, they cook for their meal and spend money for the ingredients only

rather than buying cooked meal from restaurants, etc.

According to the studies that can support this table coming from Parson & Vancic

(2020) that buying behavior in a regard to perceived quality of meat, fruits, and

vegetables has changed during this pandemic. There are times that buying ready-made

foods are very expensive and how it is processed. So according to the respondents’

answers, they believe that they need to spend their money, not on the ready-made foods,
 36

but the ingredients on how to make their own meal. They pay for ingredients or materials,

much less expensive because they do it themselves or from their own hands and sweats.

The respondent 3 respond that food is important because people can’t live without

food. But people should choose nutritious foods to prevent viruses and other illnesses

people may encounter.

Researchers: How important is food and how did you cope it during this
outbreak?
Respondent 3: Food is important in any ways. Even plants and animals need it.
But people need to choose nutritious foods to grown and prevent
COVID-19 and some other diseases. I usually buy ingredients than
buying on inns or restaurants to buy our own food.

Respondent 5: Permanently, food is essential because we can’t survive without

food, even this pandemic, we need it. When I go to school, I take
my breakfast but sometimes I eat lunch with my co-teachers in
restaurants and inns nearby the school. But I think it is important to
know your food. You would never know what’s the ingredient they
used or on how they cook it. It is better safe than never.

The researchers interpreted the responses of the interview respondents that food is

important to humans and as said by the respondent 3, people need to choose the best and

nutritious foods for their meal to keep the COVID-19 and other illnesses prevented. This

is also agreed by the respondent 5 and added that people need to know their food and it is

better cook own food because people would know the ingredients they added and to be

safe also.

In any ways, Food is the most important of them all because humans can’t live

and be healthy. During this pandemic, It is hard to find food but people must find ways to

survive. Foods can affect on people’s mental health and physical health. People can’t do

things with an empty stomach, so people must gain energy to do things and to think
 37

things. They can choose to cook or bought their meal, but it is recommended to cook own

food.

As it is said by Robinson & Smith, (2021), There are many more important things

on life than money and of the things here is food. Food is essential and survivability of all

lives in earth. Supported by the authors, Parson & Vancic (2020), The result of their

study suggests that the buying behavior in a regard to price sensitivity and perceived

quality of meat, fruits, vegetables has changed during COVID-19 pandemic. The

products’ price may increase due to the pandemic and surely people can cope up as they

have income and prioritize needs only such as foods and choose cheap and healthy ones.

Table 6

Weighted Mean and Standard Deviation for the Respondents’ Transportation

Transportation Weighted Standard Descriptive
Mean Deviation Remarks
1. During COVID-19 outbreak, I spend a 2.067 7.91 Disagree
portion of my money for petrol consumption
because I have my own service vehicle.
2. In this COVID-19 pandemic, I prefer walking 3.067 8.19 Agree
rather than taking a tricycle or jeepney when I
go to a nearby place.
3. I usually now pay twice the regular fare or 3.017 12.31 Agree
full capacity for my transportation.
4. When at work, I do not spend a portion of my 2.300 3.00 Disagree
money for transportation because the employer
provides means of transportation in this
outbreak.
5. I spend a lot of money paying for the 2.917 9.67 Agree
transportation fee or petrol because of high price
in petrol during COVID-19 pandemic.
6. I don’t hesitate to use my money for 3.350 11.77 Strongly
transportation when I go to somewhere Agree
important during this pandemic.
Grand Mean 2.786 8.806 Agree
 38

As shown in Table 6, the total average weighted mean for the result of the effect

of COVID-19 pandemic when they tend to spend their expenses in terms of

transportation with a grand weighted mean of M= 2.786 with a standard deviation of

8.806, which means that, on average, the respondents answered Agree on all the

indicators.

During this pandemic, the transportation fee is increased according to the majority

people who answered the survey because of slow of immigrating of gasoline from

western countries. But after in connection to what happened on Russia and Ukraine, the

gasoline or petrol had roughly increased their prices because of the war. So that’s why

they pay twice the minimum fair price because of the pinned high price of petrol. Of

course, there are somethings that are needed to be done like emergencies. That is why

many employees responded that they don’t hesitate to spend their money for their

transportation when they go somewhere important during this pandemic.

Based on Fegert et. al. (2020), there might be a sudden range surge of activity to a

magnitude possibly overwhelming the capacity that may greatly affect their money

consumption. The war between Russia and Ukraine and also this pandemic summed up

and gave people a rough consumption of petrol or transportation fee. The employees

experienced all the provided statements in the survey and averagely agreed on it. It is

hard to spend money for transportation and this is very essential to the employees who

works in service through face-to-face.

Below are the responses of the respondents with the interview questions provided

by the researchers.
 39

Researcher: How do you cope with transportation? How does it affect your
everyday routine? Is it expensive or cheap?
Respondent 4: ‘Gasoline is expensive today. Kaya nga minsan nakikisakay ako sa
kasama ko pero pag wala sila, nasaisip ka nanaman na Malaki
gagastusin ko sa transportation fee mga around 70-80 pesos. Back
in forth yan hah. Ang mahal talaga ng gasolina during this
COVID-19 pandemic. tas isali mo narin yung nangyayare sa
Russia at Ukraine.’
‘Gasoline is expensive today. That is why I ride with my friend.
But when they are not around, I thought in my head that I will have
to spend a lot for my transportation fee, around 70-80 pesos. That
is back and forth. Gasoline is expensive during this COVID-19
pandemic. Also, include the happenings in Russia and Ukraine.’

Respondent 6: Mataan grabe so kyapakalae arga o gasulina na kyargun pn

magda sa mga motor ka pakaalan iran arga o kipsung akn ko
sungwan akn laba labawn sa office. Ba kuwan na ba ta makakuwa
sa service ta para di tapn kargnan mamagayan.
‘I rise of gasoline prices is so overwhelming that it is so hard to
ride motors because they increase the price of the transportation
fee. If that is the case, I’ll have to get a service, so it won’t be hard
to wait for my ride.

In the responses of respondent 4 and 6, they immediately said that gasoline or

petrol nowadays is expensive. Respondent 4 added that the war between Russia and

Ukraine affected the petrol economy. Respondent 6 explained that the motors

increasingly bid when the respondent go to somewhere especially the office. Respondent

6 added that hoping to get a service one day for easy transportation.

During COVID-19 pandemic, even gasolines have gradually increased because of

the slow process of the transportation of gasolines coming from the western countries

especially Russia. Russia and Ukraine had a war that affected the petrol economy of the

Philippines, which lead to increase the price of the gasoline. Even on transporters like

motors or cabs, they increase the price of the transportation fee because of the gasoline

get expensive.
 40

Back to the authors Fegert et. al. (2020), the sudden calamities or activities may

possibly greatly affect their money consumption. The calamities that have been

experienced by the respondents are this COVID-19 pandemic and the war between

Russia and Ukraine. This should be one of the reasons why gasoline or petrol got

expensive due to lack of transportation of gas during this pandemic and the war.

II. The significant difference between the effect of COVID-19 pandemic

when they employees to spend their expenses and the socio-demographic
profile variables
Table 7

Chi-square Testing between the respondent’s Sex and the effect of COVID-19 pandemic
when employees tend to spend their expenses in terms of personal needs, work purposes,
food, and transportation

Variables Statistical Tool Significant Remark Decision

Value
Personal Needs 0.376 Not significant at Accept Ho
α = 0.05
Work Purposes 0.558 Not significant at Accept Ho
Sex Chi-Square Value α = 0.05
Food 0.266 Not significant at Accept Ho
α = 0.05
Transportation 0.416 Not significant at Accept Ho
α = 0.05

As shown in table 7, the significant value of each variable was greater than 0.05,

then there was sufficient evidence to accept the null hypothesis H 0. Thus, the researchers

reject the alternative hypothesis H1. That was, there is no significant relationship between

the respondent’s profile in term of sex and the effect of COVID-19 pandemic when they

tend to spend their expenses in terms of personal needs, work purposes, food, and

transportation.
 41

It has found that during the process, there is no significant relationship between

all the expense variables to sex. This is because during COVID-19 pandemic, all of the

people are having a hard time to buy necessities. Lack of money is one of the major

issues during this pandemic.

Sex is not a basis for people to identify who is more likely to spend money

because they don’t know their social status if that one person is a single parent or an

independent. In this time or where this crisis, people tend to spend a lot of money,

multiplied by two the regular price before because of inflation here in the country. It is

where the sellers intended to put a higher price even though the price are demanding,

people will buy it for their daily and personal use.

Table 8

Pearson Correlation Coefficient testing between the respondent’s Income and the effect
of COVID-19 pandemic when employees tend to spend their expenses in terms of
personal needs, work purposes, food, and transportation

Variables Statistical Significant Remark Decision

Tool Value
Personal Needs 0.006 Significant at Reject Ho
α = 0.05
Work Purposes Pearson 0.045 Significant at Reject Ho
Income Correlation α = 0.05
Food 0.137 Not significant at Accept Ho
α = 0.05
Transportation 0.006 Significant at Reject Ho
α = 0.05

As shown in table 8, the significant value of the three variable was less than 0.05,

then there was sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis H0. Thus, the researchers

accept the alternative hypothesis H1. That was, there is a significant relationship between
 42

the respondent’s profile in term of income and the effect of COVID-19 pandemic when

employees tend to spend their expenses in terms of personal needs, work purposes, and

transportation.

The significant value of the other variable was greater than 0.05, then there was

sufficient evidence to accept the null hypothesis H0. Thus, the researchers reject the

alternative hypothesis H1. That was, there is no significant relationship between the

respondent’s profile in term of income and the effect of COVID-19 pandemic when they

tend to spend their expenses in terms of food.

In spending money, it varies when people spend their money on personal needs,

work purposes, and transportation. If they ever need personal needs, low-income

employees may attempt to buy budget-friendly products than expensive yet very effective

things. They also might buy things when on promo or conveniently buy online. High

income employees attempt to buy effective things even it is expensive for protection or

routine. In work purposes, low-income people may also tend to buy things that are

budget-friendly, or they might not buy things. They could borrow from their co-workers,

family, or friends. High-income people might try to buy things that can conveniently help

them to work properly even it is expensive. Lastly in transportation, the more people have

money, the convenient they go to places. Having a low income can make bid to lower the

prices of the transportation fee. But having services can make the drivers sacrifice their

money because the gasoline is a fixed price.

The reason why income is not significant to the food because people daily use

food for their survivability. Without food, people can’t live. That is why some low-
 43

income employees or unemployed credit to stores so that they can eat. It is a very

challenging to do these things but for survivability, at least people are alive.

Chapter 5

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter briefly discusses the different aspects of this study. It reveals the findings

obtained, the conclusion arrived based on the data analyzed, implications, and the

recommendation based on the survey questionnaire research made.

Summary

This research aimed to determine the (1) socio-demographic profile of the

employees in terms of sex and income, determine the (2) effect of COVID-19 pandemic

when they tend to spend their expenses in terms of personal needs, work purposes, food,

and transportation, determine the (3) significant difference between the effect of COVID-

19 pandemic when they employees to spend their expenses and the socio-demographic

profile variables.

Descriptive research design was used to determine how those employees during

COVID-19 pandemic spend their expenses in the perspective of the study. There was a

total of sixty (60) respondents who served as the respondents of the study. The

demographic profile of the respondents’ sex and income. The respondents also answered

the survey questions to give the respondents the socio-demographic profile of the

employees in terms of sex and income, the effect of COVID-19 pandemic when

employees tend to spend their expenses in terms of personal needs, work purposes, food,

and transportation, the significant difference between the effect of COVID-19 pandemic
 44

when they employees to spend their expenses and the socio-demographic profile

variables. The data of the study were tabulated; analyzed and interpreted using an

appropriate statistical tool.

Findings

After collecting and analyzing the gathered data, the following findings were

established:

1.1 Most (72%) of the respondents were females.

1.2 The majority (40%) of the respondents were below P5,000 in income range.

II.1 As to personal needs,

most of the respondents during COVID-19 pandemic on

how employees now compare prices when they buy necessities with an overall

weighted mean of 2.774.

II.2 As to work purposes,

most of the respondents during COVID-19 pandemic on

how employees compare prices when they spend for work supplies with an

overall weighted mean of 2.724.

II.3 As to foods, most of the

respondents when they don’t hesitate to spend their

money when it comes to food during this outbreak with an overall weighted

mean of 2.698.

II.4 Lastly, as to

transportation, most of the respondents during COVID-19

 45

outbreak when employees spend a portion of their money for petrol

consumption because I have my own service vehicle with an overall weighted

mean of 2.786.

3.1 The significant value of the variable personal needs, work purposes, foods, and

transportation to sex was greater than 0.05, then there was sufficient evidence to

accept the null hypothesis H0. Thus, the researchers reject the alternative hypothesis

H1.

3.2 The significant value of the variable personal needs, work purposes, and

transportation to the income was less than 0.05, then there was sufficient evidence to

reject the null hypothesis H0. Thus, the researchers accept the alternative hypothesis

H1 And the significant value of the foods to the income was greater than 0.05, then

there was sufficient evidence to accept the null hypothesis H0. Thus, the researchers

reject the alternative hypothesis H1.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions was drawn:

1. Most of the respondent are females and the majority income surveyed below

P5,000 range, therefore women are more likely to spend than a male and found

that men are most likely purchase only their top financial goal. Women had

identical goals, but they put their credit card debt first. They have found that men
 46

had set aside nearly twice as much money for their long-term financial goals as

women but however, if you look at the percentage they save from their

paychecks, females come in the first place, and the percentages of incomes

earmarked for savings is due to the reality that the average woman is still earning

less than the average man.

2. Overall, the effect of COVID-19 pandemic when the employees tend to spend

there expenses in terms personal needs ,work purposes, transportation and even

there health emergencies, employees are more willing to save money rather than

spending it, the conducted surveyed during pandemic indicates that the severity of

emergencies has a significant positive impact on the employees willingness to

save , Risk perception plays a mediating role between the severity of emergencies

and consumers' saving their perception and an individual's saving is noteworthy

that the above effects are not significant during the post-pandemic period. Thus,

spending behavior in health emergencies can be motived by reducing risk

perception and increasing materialism. It can provide a valuable inspiration in

crisis management, and economic recovery during COVID-19 pandemic.

3. There is no significant relationship between the respondent’s profile in terms of

sex and the effect of COVID-19 pandemic when employees tend to spend their

expenses in terms of personal needs, work purposes, food, and transportation.

There is a significant relationship between the respondent’s profile in terms of

income and the effect of COVID-19 pandemic when employees tend to spend

their expenses in terms of personal needs, work purposes, and transportation but
 47

food has no significant relationship between the respondent’s profile in terms of

income.

Recommendations

1. Employees should now understand that they should buy priorities centered on

most important things to buy just like necessities such as soaps, toothpaste,

and many more that is used in everyday of our lives. They should use their

income firstly on their basic needs and they can buy something they want after

in order to satisfy their needs.

2. The researchers recommend to the parents that they should monitor their

spending habits as they provide for their family in order to establish a good

consuming behavior. At certain parts, parents should be aware of the spending

habits of their family members and where their income goes in order to

survive and prepare for the future.

3. The teachers, as they are also employees, should navigate and perceive their

spending habits and be resourceful for their future teaching. They should also

be aware of their spending habits as some points, their income can affect their

consuming behavior.

4. Students should know the value of spending money that is given to them

from their parents or guardians. In this time of COVID-19 pandemic, they

need to start practicing saving money and handle responsibilities as they take

such as the priorities to spend their allowance given from their parent’s

income.
 48

5. Researchers must assess this study as they process and worked to make it

succeed. Not only employees can relate to the spending habits, but also to the

people like the researchers on how they can handle their spending habits

during COVID-19 outbreak. The researchers are recommended to spend their

money wisely, save their money wisely, and they should also know how the

respondents of our surveys, which are the selected private employees, on what

are their basis, experiences, and opinions about the survey questionnaire

provided.

6. Future Researchers should conduct a study similar to this, to explore and

investigate the aspects where students mostly agreed or disagreed on how the

effect COVID-19 affects their consuming behavior. They could also consider

other factors aside from the ones mentioned to develop more detailed and

well-researched study of the effect of COVID-19 pandemic to the spending

habits of the private sector employees.