21D11141002

DRILLING AND EXCAVATION

ENGINEERING
First Semester 2021—2022

Purwanto
Nirmana Fiqra Qaidahiyani

<<
02 | Mechanism of
Rock Breakage
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21D11141002 TEKNIK PENGEBORAN DAN PENGGALIAN NFQ PS S1 TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN

Table of Contents

Drilling System
Operating
components of the
1 drilling system
3
Primary Rock Breaking 2 Mechanism of Rock
Detaching the Breakage by Drilling
large rock mass Mechanism during
from its parent drilling
deposit
 1

Primary Rock Breaking

Detaching the large rock mass from
its parent deposit

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21D11141002 TEKNIK PENGEBORAN DAN PENGGALIAN NFQ PS S1 TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN

Rock breakage

Since prehistoric time man

devised several ways to achieve
this task and he made the
greatest technological advance in
mining history when eventually he
discovered explosive and used it
for rock breaking purposes.
21D11141002 TEKNIK PENGEBORAN DAN PENGGALIAN NFQ PS S1 TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN

Excavation method

Rock quality classification in

relation to excavation method

Franklin JA, Broch E, Walton G

(1971) Logging the mechanical
character of rock. Trans Inst
Min Metall 80:A1–A9

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21D11141002 TEKNIK PENGEBORAN DAN PENGGALIAN NFQ PS S1 TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN

Excavation method

Excavatability assessment chart

(after Pettifer and Fookes,
1994) of the rocks

Kentli B, Topal T (2004)

Evaluation of rock
excavatability and slope
stability along a segment of
motorway, Pozanti, Turkey.
Environmental Geology

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21D11141002 TEKNIK PENGEBORAN DAN PENGGALIAN NFQ PS S1 TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN

Excavation method

Proposed GSI chart for the

assessment of excavatability of
rock masses (𝐈𝐬𝟓𝟎 < 3 MPa)

Tsiambaos G, Saroglou H (2009)

Excavatability assessment of
rock masses using the
Geological Strength Index
(GSI). Bulletin of Engineering
Geology and the Environment
69(1):13-27

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21D11141002 TEKNIK PENGEBORAN DAN PENGGALIAN NFQ PS S1 TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN

Excavation method

Proposed GSI chart for the

assessment of excavatability of
rock masses (𝐈𝐬𝟓𝟎 ≥ 3 MPa)

Tsiambaos G, Saroglou H (2009)

Excavatability assessment of
rock masses using the
Geological Strength Index
(GSI). Bulletin of Engineering
Geology and the Environment
69(1):13-27

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21D11141002 TEKNIK PENGEBORAN DAN PENGGALIAN NFQ PS S1 TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN

ripper
D8R/D8T
method
Excavation

performance
Caterpillar
 2

Operating components
of the drilling system

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21D11141002 TEKNIK PENGEBORAN DAN PENGGALIAN NFQ PS S1 TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN

There are four main

functional components
of a drilling system
1. The drill
2. The rod (or drill
steel, stem, or
pipe)
3. The bit
4. The circulation
fluid
 nirmana.site123.me nirmana.fiqra.q@unhas.ac.id
21D11141002 TEKNIK PENGEBORAN DAN PENGGALIAN NFQ PS S1 TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN

1) The drill

It acts as prime mover

converting the original
form of energy that
could be fluid,
pneumatic or electric
into the mechanical
energy to actuate the
system.
 nirmana.site123.me nirmana.fiqra.q@unhas.ac.id
21D11141002 TEKNIK PENGEBORAN DAN PENGGALIAN NFQ PS S1 TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN

2) The rod (or drill steel,

stem, or pipe)

It transmits the energy

from prime mover to the
bit or applicator.
 nirmana.site123.me nirmana.fiqra.q@unhas.ac.id
21D11141002 TEKNIK PENGEBORAN DAN PENGGALIAN NFQ PS S1 TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN

3) The bit

It is the applicator of
energy attacking the
rock mechanically to
achieve penetration.
21D11141002 TEKNIK PENGEBORAN DAN PENGGALIAN NFQ PS S1 TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN

4) The circulation
fluid
It cleans the hole,
cools the bit, and at
times stabilizes the
hole. It supports the
penetration through
removal of cuttings.
Air, water, or sometimes
mud can be used for this
purpose.

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 3
Mechanism of Rock
Breakage by Drilling

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21D11141002 TEKNIK PENGEBORAN DAN PENGGALIAN NFQ PS S1 TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN

Systems of Rock Drilling

Mechanical methods Thermal method Hydraulic

Percussion, Flame, plasma, method
rotary,rotary- hot fluid,
percussion freezing

Sonic Laser ray

method method

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 nirmana.site123.me nirmana.fiqra.q@unhas.ac.id

General types of rock breakage during drilling

(a) percussive-penetration; (b) pressured roller; (c) cut
 nirmana.site123.me nirmana.fiqra.q@unhas.ac.id

The process of tool penetrating the rock surface

(1) Crushed zone; (2) Crack formation; (3) Crack propagation; (4) Chipping
21D11141002 TEKNIK PENGEBORAN DAN PENGGALIAN NFQ PS S1 TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN

Assignment 02
21D11141002 TEKNIK PENGEBORAN DAN PENGGALIAN NFQ PS S1 TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN

Please explain systematically, how is the

mechanism of rock breakage during
drilling? What forces act during the
process of drilling? Then, please elaborate,
how is the process of tool penetrating the
rock surface?
Thank You
Do you have any questions?
nirmana.fiqra.q@unhas.ac.id

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