LESSON 1 What Is Philippine Art?

This art relies on the design and the

purpose of the structure
Aristotle
 Literature
 Humans have instincts for imitation and The art form of language through the
harmony combined use of words, creating meaning and
 These instincts are “lying deep in our nature” experience
 Human beings are the most imitative of living  Music
creatures Appeals to the sense of hearing;
 Humans learn and experience pleasure through Composed by combining notes into
imitation harmony
 Dance
The art of the human form;
Art is the human pursuit to imitate life and the Body is used, mobilized, and
choreographed in a specific time, form, and
world into something pleasing or beautiful.
space
 Theater
Art form of performance;
Art is an imitation of life and the world rendered
Dramatic texts are portrayed on stage
beautifully, which gives pleasure.
by actors, and are enhanced by props, lights,
and sounds
Live performance that involves a script
According to Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, ART is and performers
an imitation of life and the world rendered beautifully, What art form does Spoken-Word
which gives pleasure. What is this feeling of pleasure Poetry classify to?
pointed out? Bliss  Cinema
Technological translation of theatre;
Special effects are utilized to enhance the
Different Art Forms storytelling
 Picture
This is a two-dimensional image of
various subjects ranging from real-life images to Philippine Art as Filipino
the visually abstract. Aside from the balangay and the idea of the
It may be created using different media stilts for the bahay kubo, what else was the major
such as chalk, charcoal, graphite, ink, oil paint, influence brought by the Malay? Race
and watercolor.
o Drawing – is creating a picture with a Which two Filipino characteristics or traits were
variety of tools, in most cases pencils, greatly manifested in the notion of migrant reality?
crayons, pens, or markers. Artists draw Adaptable and Resiliency
on different types of surfaces, like
paper.
o Painting – is often called the most
important form of visual art. It is about
putting colors on a canvas or wall.
Painters express their ideas through a
mixture of colors and different brush
strokes.
o Printmaking – is art that is made by
covering a plate with ink and pressing it
on a surface of another object. Today
prints are mostly produced on paper,
but originally, they were pressed onto
cloth or other objects
o Photography – is making pictures by
letting lights through the lenses of a
camera onto a film.
 Sculpture
This is a three-dimensional artwork that
may be created using stone, marble, wood, and
concrete
 Architecture
Structures that meant to be used as
shelter;
 LESSON 2 Art in Contemporary Times
What is Contemporary Art?
J. Paul Getty Museum
Made and produced by artist living today
Artist’s work that responds to a global
environment.
 Culturally Diverse
 Advancing technology
 Multifaceted
“The idea was that the depiction of scene of
everyday life and the surroundings without idealizing
them was closest in spirit to the Filipino soul and native
Contemporary Art
soil.”
A world view, and is sensitive to the changing
- Leo Benesa, Filipino Poet, Essayist, Art Critic
times.
Not restricted to the individual experience of
Idealizing means that the artwork should not be the artist, but is reflective of the world we live in.
represented as perfect; authenticity of the artworks.

New Elements and Principles

An art can be considered Filipino when it
depicts the Filipino way of living.  Appropriation
o Existing artworks are “appropriated” to
form another artwork.
o The use of these prints, images, and
According to Leo Benesa, aside from having a
icons to produce another art form is a
Filipino heart and a Filipino artist creating the artwork,
feature of contemporary art.
what is the other consideration for an art to be called as
o Combining the past with the present.
authentic Philippine art? Filipino Way of Living
o The contemporary artist revives interest
to existing forms of art.
 Performance
Doubts in the Filipino-ness Claims of Benesa o Has evolved to emphasize spontaneous,
Authenticity unpredictable elements of chance.
o Interpreting various human activities,
 Use of canvas, paintbrush, easel from ordinary activities such as chores,
 Use of English language in literature routines and rituals, to socially relevant
 Advancement in information technology and themes such as poverty,
communication commercialism, and war.
Example:
- International Filipino performance artist
What is common between NVM Gonzales and Edith Marilyn Arsem playing dead person at
Tiempo? Both writes using the English language as the Philippine International
medium Performance Art Festival.
- Yuan Moro Ocampo performing The
Shadow in Denmark
Summary  Space
o un-boxing of conventional art; not being
 Art is a human activity that translates life and confined in a theater or gallery, that it
the world into something aesthetically pleasing. can be at the streets or public places.
 The Filipino identity in art is caused by our o Site-Specific Art Forms wherein it is
colonial past and migration. performed of positioned in specific
 The work of art should represent the subject in spots, especially in public places.
the most realistic way possible without Example:
“idealizing” it. - Human Star, De La Salle Centenary
 Times are changing, and the world is becoming Celebration
borderless, the Philippine art struggles, yet it - Random 3D Street Art
rises to show the world what and how the  Hybridity
Filipino spirit it. o The mixing of unlikely materials to
produce an artwork.
o Combination of unusual media
 Example: Performance
- Painting by Karen Eland using coffee as
medium
- Miniature sculptures using crayons
- The Mona Lisa made using a typewriter
 Technology
o Used in the creation and dissemination
of works of art
o MTV in 1981…then YouTube posting
and sharing videos
o Video and internet are used in
propagating art
Example:
- Philippine Madrigal Singers, “Pangarap
Ko Ang Ibigin Ka”
Technology

Hybridity

Summary
 Contemporary Art refers to all artworks created
Space by artists that are living and are very
representative of our times.
 Many contemporary artists try to capture
modern day realities ranging from constant and
instant connectivity to borderless societies.
 Art in contemporary times has evolved into
being appropriated into another work,
performed with a deeper understanding of life,
created using varied resources, and propagated
with technology.

What term means that the artwork should not be

represented as perfect? Idealizing

LESSON 3 Philippine Contemporary Arts

Appropriation “The feeling that all is possible in the
contemporary, conceived as a constantly extending and
deepening constellation of art.”
- Dr. Patrick Flores, Art Critic, Curator

Contemporary Art permits possibilities of

exploring either subject or medium in art to express the
Filipino sense of self.
At present, Filipinos are becoming more and
more aggressive as they use the arts to express
themselves, and create wonderful artworks to express
themselves, and create wonderful artworks that try to
capture the Filipino way of life.
 Contemporary Art is not intended to be
reduced to conventional notions of space and medium.
Contemporary Artists have brought their
artworks into the streets, in public, because in
contemporary time, the main feat of any art primarily
depends on how the art is able to connect with
spectators.
The success of promotion and preservation of
Philippine Arts rely on the hands of NOT just the
government (the president and his team), and the
Philippine agencies tasked to do it. Who else? Filipino
People
Architecture
 Arch. Paulo Alcazaren
“Much of what we see, in terms of iconic
buildings in the Philippines nowadays, is either
designed by foreigners, or are derivative designs
mimicking copies of western forms.”
 Globalization
Threatens Philippine architecture by bringing
designs made by foreign architects.
 Which of the following is NOT a reason why
business developers favor foreign architects?
Cost-Friendly
Literature
 Contains the diasporic experience and the
incorporation of both the rural and the urban
experience.
Dean Francis Alfar
 Award-winning writer
 Pioneer the speculative fiction movement
 Published the Philippine Speculative Fiction
series
Miguel Syjuco
 Man Asian Literary Price novel: Ilustrado
Marivi Solivien
 The Mango Bride published in 2013 under
Penguin Books
Sophia Lee
 2014 Scholastic Asian Book Award Winner
 What Things Mean
Flash Fiction
 Stories of 1 000 words or less
 Vince Groyon’s: Very Short Stories for Harried
Readers
 Anvil Publishing’s: Fast Food Fiction Delivery
 Contemporary Filipino writers are continuing to
struggle with the low readership among the
public, and the domination of foreign titles in
the market.
 Despite the odds, they continue to write
without fail.
Theatre
Contemporary Philippine Theatre
 Still alive despite the dominance of television,
movies, and the internet.
Cecile Guidote-Alvarez
 Founder of Philippine Educational Theater
Association (PETA) in 1976
 Advoctaes the use of Filipino theater in inspiring
change and development in society.
University-Based Theatre Groups
 Dulaang UP (UP Diliman)
 Mariquita is a freshman student of UP
Diliman taking up Dance as her major. Her forte
is contemporary dance. She wishes to join a
theatre show to grow and be trained of her
craft. Which university-based group should she
visit?
 Ateneo Blue Repertory (ADMU, Katipunan)
 Teatro Tomasino (UST Manila)
Virgin Labfest
 Created in 2004 founded by Rody Vera
 Playwright’s festival of untried, untested,
unpublished plays
 Collaboration of NCCA, CCP, TP, The Writer’s
Block
 Virgin LabFest was created via the collaboration
of NCCA, CCP, TP and TWB. What does TWB
means? The Writer's Block
Which of the following is NOT a Philippine
Contemporary Theatre? Hamilton
Visual Arts
 Bold expression of personal feelings and
perspectives
 Influenced by radical and modern art
movements resulting to the proliferation of
installation and experimental art
 Private companies host annual art competitions
playing an important role in encouraging
emerging artists to create and produce their
works.
History and Struggles
One of the Philippine Classics: Ibong Adarna was
staged into a Pinoy pop musical by Teatro Filipinas. Is it
an example of Philippine Contemporary Art? All of The
Choices.
a. Yes, Because It Depicts New Elements and
Principles of Art.
b. Yes, Because the Artists That Performed the
Play Is Living Today.
c. Yes, Because the Artists Are All Filipino
Why is there a need to promote and preserve
Philippine Arts? All of the choices.
a. Because it is our national heritage
b. Because it serves as a reminder of the past
c. Because it gives consciousness and sense of
pride
d. Because it is part of our identity as Filipinos
Summary
 The country’s contemporary art scene is well
and alive. Every day, fresh and new talent
emerge.
 Filipino contemporary artists are making wakes
here and abroad, and are responsive to the
changing times, ad seen from the disaster-ready
visions of Paulo Alcarazen, to the year harvest
of literary works in the Don Carlos Palance
Memorial Awards.
 Although some describe the Filipinos as people
who spent around 400 years in a convent, five
years in a prison camp, and 45 years in
Hollywood, our history and the way we handle
ourselves in the present is a heritage that we
can be proud of.
Aside from the 3 Ex’s: Expressive, Explorative,
Experimental, which of the following words BEST
describes Philippine Contemporary Art?
LESSON 4 Art Promotion and Preservation
Art is a national heritage that is essential in
building the nation and ensuring democracy.
Art remind people of the origins, history,
struggles, and triumphs of the nation.
Art give citizen consciousness and sense of
pride of their cultural heritage, that is necessary in
becoming active agents in nation building.
NCCA
National Commission for Culture and the Arts
Overall policy making body, coordinating, and
grants giving agency for the preservation, development,
and promotion of Philippine arts and culture.
Who receives the overall budget from the
government, and coordinates in allocating the budget
and giving grants as well to non-government
organizations and artist-run initiatives?

CCP
Cultural Center of the Philippines
 During the first term of Ferdinand Marcos as
president of the country, what institution was
recognized as a marker of Filipino triumph; a
reminder of Philippine golden era?
 Premiere venue in the country for culture and
the arts
 Hosted numerous shows and exhibitions on
both performance and visual arts
 Responsible for bringing together the different
arts from various regions to the entire country
and the whole world
 The logo, derived from the Baybayin character
Ka and styled based on a Katipunan design,
represents Katotohanan, Kagandahan at
Kabutihan (Truth, Beauty and Goodness).
CCP Resident Companies
 National Music Competitions for Young Artists
(NAMCYA)
 Ballet Philippines (BP)
 Philippine Madrigal Singers
 UST Symphony Orchestra
 Tanghalang Pilipino (TP)
 Bayanihan Philippines National Folk Dance
Company
 Ramon Obusan Folkloric Group
NHCP
National Historical Commission of the Philippines
 In 2009, Pacquiao vs Hatton Fight, Martin
Nievera sang the Lupang Hinirang. He was then
the first artist to face complaint because he
made his own version of the anthem as
opposed to how the original version was
written. Which agency filed the complaint?
 Goal: Filipinos may have awareness and
appreciation of the noble deed and ideals our
heroes and other illustrious Filipinos, to Instill
pride in the Filipino race and to kindle the
Filipino spirit through the lessons of history
 The logo includes “Ka” and “Pi,” which stand for
Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas
NM
Pambansang Museo ng Pilipinas
 Aside from the historical Manunggul Jar, what
another valuable artwork is housed by the
National Museum? Spoliarium
 “Makilala at mapalago ang mayamang kulturang
nakagisnan, upang kapayapaan at pagkakaisa ay
makamtan.”
 The country’s repository of archeological
artifacts, national treasures, and rare specimens
found and produced in the country
 MAIN TASK: to solicit, document, preserve,
exhibit, and promote the natural and artificial
wonders of the Philippines
 Also responsible for putting up a network of
museums around the country to serve as a local
destination of the diverse natural and cultural
heritage of the country
 It is a stylized baybayin (Philippine script) of
"pa" - the first syllable of pamana (heritage).
NLP
National Library of the Philippines
 Which of the following agencies holds the
original manuscripts of Jose Rizal’s Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo?
 Was called the American Circulating Library
(1901), to serve as memorial to American
servicemen who died in Philippine soil.
 MANDATE: serving as a repository of the
printed and recorded cultural heritage of the
country and other intellectual literary and
information services; and providing access to
these resources for our people’s intellectual
growth, citizenship building, lifelong learning
and enlightenment.
 Home of: Acta de la Proclamacion de la
Independencia del Pueblo Filipino, and the
manuscript of Andres Bonifacio
 The Baybayin featured on the National Library’s
logo would spell out an actual word: Ka-Du-Nu-
Nga-N(a), or knowledge.
NAP
National Archives of the Philippines
 Elvira is currently working on her quantitative
research about the development and growth of
the Philippine economy. She wishes to check
the economic data gathered from 2000 to the
present. Which Philippine agency should she
visit?
 The history of the national Archives goes back
to the Treaty of Paris in 1898, which stipulated
the relinquishment or cession of documents
from Spanish to American authorities and
provided for the preservation of documents.
 Today, it is the guardian to over 400 documents
from Spanish era dating 1552-1900 and various
record from the American period to the
Republic.
 The logo for the Records Management and
Archives Office of the National Archive features
the Calatagan pot — the oldest Philippine
cultural artifact to depict pre-Hispanic writing —
prominently, and on it you can see the
characters for “Da,” “Ki,” “Na,” “Ngu,” “Da,”
and “Ka.”

Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF)
 The KWF or the Commission on the Filipino
Language was created via Republic Act No.
7104: “Congress shall establish a national
language commission composed of
representatives of various regions and
disciplines which shall undertake, coordinate,
and promote researches for the development,
propagation, and preservation of Filipino and
other Philippine languages.”
 To promote and develop our national language,
the KWF has annually given the Talaang Ginto:
Makata ng Taon for Filipino poetry, Aklat ng
Bayan, and other grants or programs on
fundings, awards, and projects.
 The previous logo of Komisyon sa Wikang
Filipino features the symbols for “Ka,” “Wa,”
and “Pa” to represent its initials
Rolando Tinio writes with the theme of diasporic
experience (spreading out of natives from their
homeland to different foreign lands), and the
incorporation of both the rural and urban experience.
As a Filipino youth of the province of Laguna, which
typology of geographic code does it classify to? Sub-
Urban
Summary
Arts and culture are integral to nation building.
To promote and propagate the arts and cultural
heritage of the country and its different regions, the
state created the NCCA. Its six agencies (CCP, NLP, the
NHCP, National Archives, and the KWF) ensure the
promotion and preservation of the country’s heritage in
culture and the arts.
Who receives the overall budget from the government,
and coordinates in allocating the budget and giving
grants as well to non-government organizations and
artist-run initiatives?
LESSON 5 The National Artist Award
Cotemporary Filipino Artists have
responsibility to create art that would enlighten the
Filipino people of the current conditions of the society.
The National Artist Award
 a great honor given to the Filipino whose life
and works have contributed to the
advancement of the country's arts and letters.
Presidential Proclamation No. 1001 s. 1972
 created and established the Award and
Decoration of National Artist
 enabled the government to give appropriate
recognition and prestige to Filipinos who have
distinguished themselves and made outstanding
contributions to Philippine arts and letters
NCCA
 The National Artist Award is given an artist who
embodies the nation's highest ideals in the
humanities and aesthetic expression through
the distinct achievements of individual citizens.
Qualifications:
1. Filipino Citizenship. Living artists who are
natural-born Filipino citizens at the time of
nomination, as well as those who died after the
establishment of the award in 1972 but were
Filipino citizens at the time of their death.
Filipinos who have lost and reacquired Filipino
citizenship, through dual citizenship status for
at least the minimum period of five years, shall
be eligible for nomination.
2. Contributed Works. Artists who through the
content and form of their works have
contributed in building a Filipino sense of
nationhood.
3. Distinction. Artists who have pioneered in a
mode of creative expression or style, thus
earning distinction and making an impact on
succeeding generations of artists.
Which of the following qualifications of a
national artist speaks of a unique mode of
creative expression or style, earning and making
an impact on the succeeding generation?
4. Substantial Body of Work / Excellency. Artists
who have created substantial and significant
body of works and/or consistently displayed
excellence in the practice of their art form thus
enriching artistic expression or style.
5. Reverence. Artists who enjoy broad acceptance
through the following:
5.1 prestigious national and/or international
recognition, such as the Gawad CCP para sa
Sining. CCP Thirteen Artists Award, and
NCCA Alab ng Haraya
5.2 Critical acclaim and/or reviews of their work
a
5.3 Respect and esteem from peers
One of the qualifications to become a national
artist is a substantial body of work. To which should
these works should contribute to? Artistic Expression,
Nationhood
What Does the Award Give?
 rank and title of National Artist, as proclaimed
by the President of the Philippines
  National Artist gold-plated medallion minted by
the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) and
citation
 lifetime emolument and material and physical
benefits comparable in value to those received
by the highest officers of the land such as the
following:
o P 200,000.00 cash award net of taxes
(living awardees)
o P 150,000.00 cash award net of taxes
(posthumous awardees, payable to
legal heirs)
o P 30,000.00 lifetime monthly stipend
o Life Insurance coverage for awardees
who are still insurable
o state funeral benefit not exceeding P
500,000.00
 place of honor, in line with protocular
precedence, in state functions, national
commemoration ceremonies, and all other
cultural presentations.
Approximately, a national artist receives 1,560,000
(with 500,000 life insurance) for a year. How much was
saved if it was a posthumous conferment after a year ? ₱
910,000.00
Manuela Figuerroa was conferred national artist in
the Year 2020. By the end of Year 2022, with an
approximated life insurance amount of 300,000, how
much is her total financial benefit as national artist? ₱
1.72M
The National Artist Insignia
Grand Collar adorned by circular links
representing the arts. The main medallion
commemorates the sun and the colors of the Philippine
flag. The highly stylized three letter Ks stand for
"katotohanan, kabutihan, at kagandahan” (the true, the
good, and the beautiful)
In 2009, conferment was delayed due to
controversy.
In 2009, the conferment of national artists was
delayed due to a controversy involving Cecille Guidote-
Alvarez, Pitoy Moreno and Carlo J. Caparas. Who was
the president during that time? Gloria Macapagal
Arroyo
Order was later bestowed to the candidates in
Malacañang palace in November 2013.
In 1972, who is the very first conferred
Philippine National Artist? Fernando Amorsolo
Approximately, a national artist receives
1,560,000 (with 500,000 life insurance) for a year. How
much was saved if it was a posthumous conferment
after a year? ₱ 1,060,000.00
Manuela Figuerroa was conferred national artist
in the Year 2020. By the end of Year 2022, with an
approximated life insurance amount of 300,000, how
much is her total financial benefit as national artist? ₱
1.26M
Summary
 Contemporary Filipino artists play an important
role in enlightening the people.
 The contribution of exerhplary artists in nation
building is duly recognised through the Order of
National Artists.
 Conferment of the award is the country's
highest honor given to outstanding individuals
in the arts.
 The NCCA and CCP are the government
institutions that are tasked to facilitate the
process of nomination and selection of national
artists.
 Since 1972, the award has recognized many
Filipinos who have dedicated their lives in the
production and promotion of Philippine arts.
LESSON 6 National Artists for Literature
The Philippines has an immense literary
tradition that reflects the country's history.
Long before the arrival of Western influence,
early Filipinos already have stories to tell to younger
generations. The Philippines has a rich collection of
fables, legends, and myths from different regions.
The babaylan, the early healers, used chants to
please the supernatural beings or spirits to bestow good
health and fortune in the home and the fields.
When the Spaniards came in the 16th century,
they introduced Christianity to the islands and used
literature to colonize the country.
During the time of the Americans, English was
introduced and Filipinos have grown adept in the usage
of the language.
Philippine literature is diverse, although some
of the most famous literary works focus on the
country's postcolonial heritage, politics, and modern
traditions.
Filipinos must recognize and give importance to
the people behind the development of Philippine
literature.
Francisco Arcellana
1916-2002; Conferred: 1990
 pioneer of modern short stories in English
 lyrical prose poetic form
 Death in a Factory
 A Clown Remembers
  Divided by Two Edith L. Tiempo
 The Other Woman
1919-2011; Conferred: 1999
 To Touch You
 I Touched Her • The Black Monkey, Carlos Palanca Memorial
Award
• A Blade of Fern, 1978
NVM Gonzalez • The Native Coast, 1979
• The Alien Corn, 1992
1915-1999; Conferred: 1997 • The Tracks of Babylon and Other Poems, 1966
 Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzalez • The Charmer's Box and Other Poems, 1993
 Stanford University and Columbia University • wife of Edilberto K. Tiempo
 famed poet, short story writer, essayist, • founder of Siliman University Writers
professor Workshop, Dumaguete
 The Winds of April, 1941
 A Season of Grace, 1956
 The Bamboo Dancers, 1988 Virgilio S. Almario
1944-present; Conferred: 2003

Nick Joaquin • Rio Alma

1917-2004; Conferred: 1976
 Quijano de Manila (pen name)
 People's Writer
 pioneer of Literary Journalism
 The Sorrows of Vaudeville, 1937 Sunday Tribune
Magazine
 The Woman Who Had Two Navels
 A Portrait of Artist as Filipino: An Elegy in Three
Scenes
 Manila, My Manila: A History for the Young
 The Ballad of the Five Battles
 Rizal in Saga: A Life for Student Fans
 Almanac for Manileños
 Cave and Shadows
F. Sionil Jose
1924-present; Conferred: 2001
 Francisco Sionil Jose
 Works represent the social underpinnings of
class struggles and colonialism in the society
 Rosales Saga: The Pretenders, Tree, My Brother,
My Executioner, Mass and Poon
 founder of the Philippine chapter of
international organization: PEN
 CCP Centennial Honors for the Arts, 1999
• poet and historian
• translations of plays (Nick Joaquin, Bertolt
Brecht, Maxim Gorki)
• translations of Rizal's: Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo
• Makinasyon, Peregrinasyon
• Doktrinang Anakpanis
• Mga Retrato at Rekwerdo
• Muli, sa Kandungan ng Lupa
Amado V. Hernandez
1903-1970; Conferred: 1973
• known for his disapproval of social injustices in
the country
• imprisoned for his participation in the
communist movement
• writers are "the conscience of the society and
affirms the greatness of the human spirit in the
face of inequity and oppression"
• Mga Ibong Mandaragit (imprisoned)
• Bayang Malaya: Isang Dipang Langit : Luha ng
Buwaya : Tudla at Tudling Katipunan ng mga
Nalathalang Tula 1921-1970 - Langaw sa Isang
Basong Gatas at Iba Pang Kwento Magkabilang
Mukha ng Isang Bagol at Iba Pang Akda
• married to Atang de la Rama

Carlos P. Romulo
Jose Garcia Villa
1898-1985; Conferred: 1982
1908-1997; Conferred: 1973
• envoy, statesman, soldier, correspondent,
• inventor of Comma Poems writer
• Footnote to Youth: Tales of the Philippines and • founder of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines
Others, 1993 • only Asian awarded a Pulitzer Prize in
• Doveglion: Collected Poems Journalism
• Poems 55 • The United (novel)
• Poems in Praise of Love: The Best Love Poems • I Walked with Heroes (autobiography)
of Jose Garcia Villa • wartime memoirs: I Saw the Fall of the
• Doveglion (pseudonym) Philippines, Mother America, I See the
Philippines Rise
 • A Third World Soldier at the UN and The • Hibik at Himagsik Nina Victoria Lactaw, Dulaang
Philippine Presidents (record of his encounters UP
with country's leaders)

Cirilo F. Bautista
Carlos L. Quirino
1941-2018; Conferred: 2014
1910-1999; Conferred: 1997
• poet, fictionist, essayist, academician, scholar
• talented biographers • Palanca Hall of Famer, National Book Awards,
• first recognized as National Artist in Historical Gawad Jose Corazon de Jesus, Gawad CCP para
Literature sa Sining
• University of Wisconsin, 1931 • 1998, winner Philippine Centennial Prize for
• Man of Destiny, 1935, Manuel L. Quezon Epic Poetry
Biography • Trilogy of Saint Lazarus, 2001
• assistant to Elpidio Quirino • Believe and Betray: New and Collected Poems,
2006
• Galaw ng Asoge, 2004
Alejandro R. Roces • The House of True Desire: Essays about Life and
Literature, 2011
1924-2011; Conferred: 2003 • Things Happen: Poems 2012, 2014
• comic short stories writer
• My Brother's Peculiar Chicken (award from
University Arizona; Best American Short Stories- Summary
Martha Foley) Philippine literature is a rich storehouse of
• focused on the derelict aspects of the country's narratives and texts that date back from the pre-
cultural heritage colonial times to the contemporary. It will continue to
• Rizal Pro Patria Award evolve as writers continue to write about the realities
• Gawad CCP para sa Sining and conditions of the country.
Exceptional literary artists (14) such as Amado
Lazaro Francisco V. Hernandez, Jose Garcia Villa, Nick Joaquin, Carlos P.
Romulo, Francisco Arcellana, Edith Tiempo, F. Sionil
1898-1980; Conferred: 2009 Jose, Virgilio Almario, Alejandro Roces, Bienvenido
• Lazaro Francisco was born in 1898 and died in Lumbera, Lazaro Francisco, and Cirilo Bautista have all
1980. But he was conferred as national artist by immensely enriched Philippine literature through their
the year 2009— almost 29 years posthumous timeless narratives of the Filipino spirit.
conferment. Why do you think? because of his
body of work and distinction
• an icon in Tagalog writing LESSON 7 National Artists for Architecture
• 1958 founder of Kapatiran ng mga Alagad ng Philippine architecture reflects the country's
Wikang Pilipino (KAWIKA) cultural heritage and need to adapt to the environment.
• Binhi at Bunga
• Cesar Philippine architecture is unique in that it
• Ama reflects its cultural heritage and the demand to adapt to
• Bayang Nagpatiwakal its environment. Surveying the architectural styles in
• Sa Paanan ng Krus the country reveals varieties that range from traditional
• Ang Pamana ng Pulubi Filipino dwelling, the bahay kubo, which is small one-
• Bago Lumubog ang Araw room but built using light woven materials, to modern
• Tanglaw ng Lahi Award, ADMU and stylish architectural designs that you usually see in
urbanized areas.
The architecture of the Philippines reflects its
Bienvenido Lumbera history and tradition. Churches and mosques across the
1932-present; Conferred: 2006 country, as well as buildings in the metropolitan and
rural areas have risen in response to the growing
• poet, librettist, scholar demands of the Filipinos.
• libretto - musical
• Likhang Dila, Likhang Diwa, 1993 Moreover, the country is home to the best-
• Balaybay: Mga Tulang Lunot Manibalang, 2002 preserved planned Spanish colonial town in Asia. During
• Sa Sariling Bayan: Apat na Dulang May Musika, 300 years of Spanish colonization, architecture in the
2004 country was subjected to Spanish influences. The friars
• Agunyas sa Hacienda Luisita, 2004 built several grand churches all over the country that
• Pakikiramay, 2004 continue to stand today.
 Where could we find the best-preserved
planned Spanish colonial town in Asia? Vigan
Tracing back the roots of Philippine
architecture, what is the early form of structured
designs? Bahay Kubo
Pablo S. Antonio
1901-1975; Conferred: 1976
• a leader in modern Philippine architecture
• Design: simple and functional; clean and
smooth lines; curves; natural light and cross
ventilation
• Manila Polo Club
• Ideal Theater, Lyric Theater; Galaxy Theater
• Capitan Luis Gonzaga Building
• Boulevard Alhambra (Bel-Air)
• Ramon Roces Publications Building (Guzman
Institute of Electronics)
• What is the distinction of Pablo S. Antonio’s
architectural design? clean and smooth lines
• The design of the FEU Building boasts of what
Pablo S. Antonio’s style? simple and functional,
natural lights
Leandro V. Locsin
1928-1994; Conferred: 1990
• Design: floating volume; duality of light and
heavy
• Istana Nurul Iman - Sultan's Residence (Sultan
of Brunei's palace)
• CCP Complex: CCP, Folk Arts Theater, PICC,
Phil.CITE, Westin Hotel
• 75 residences, 11 churches and chapels, 23
public buildings, 48 commercial buildings,
Omajor hotels, 1 airport terminal
Juan F. Nakpil
1899-1986; Conferred: 1973
• "there is such thing Philippine Architecture,
espousing architecture reflective of Philippine
traditions and culture"
• International Eucharistic Congress, 1937
• Geronimo de los Reyes Building, Magsaysay
Building
• Rizal Theater, Capitol Theater
• Captain Pepe Building, Rufino Building
• Manila Jockey Club, Philippine Village Hotel
• University of the Philippines Administration
Building (Quezon Hall), University Library
(Gonzales Hall)
• reconstructed Rizal Shrine in Calamba
• What is Juan F. Nakpil’s Quiapo Church well-
known for? Black Nazarene
Ildefonso P. Santos, Jr.
1929-2014; Conferred: 2006
• recognized landscape architect
• Landscape Architecture enhances public spaces,
landmarks, structures by contouring the
environment
• Makati Commercial Center: concept of outdoor
shopping with landscaped walks, fountains, and
sculptures as accents
• Mt. Malarayat Golf and Country Club, Lipa,
Batangas
• Orchard Gold and Country Club, Imus, Cavite
• What does a Landscape Architect contour, or
create a shape, to enhance public spaces and
landmarks? Environment and Surroundings
Jose Maria Zaragoza
1912-1994; Conferred: 2014
• architecture graduate, University of Santo
Tomas
• country's 82nd licensed architect
• his works advance the progressive ideas of
modernism in rebuilding the Philippines from
ashes of war in the mid-20th century (accdg. To
Gerard Lico, national Committee on
Architecture and Allied Arts of NCCA)
• Santo Domingo Church, Quezon City
• National Shrine of the Miraculous Medal
• Meralco Building
• Greenhills Shopping Center
• restructuring of the Quiapo Church interior
• The design of Jose Maria Zaragoza, St. John
Bosco Parish bears a pointed arch. Where is it
located? Makati City
Ramon Valera
1912-1972; Conferred: 2006
• The country's first and only "National Artist in
Fashion Design."
• He given the country its visual icon to the world
via the terno;
• He helped “mold generations of artists and
helped fashion
• to become no less than a nation's sense of
aesthetics".
Summary
From the humble bahay kubo to the towering
skyscrapers in the city, the high-level craftsmanship of
Filipino architects are truly to be admired.
Pablo S. Antonio, Leandro V. Locsin, Juan F.
Nakpil, Jose Maria Zaragoza, and Ildefonso P. Santos, Jr.
are just some of the most dedicated and talented
architects that Filipinos can be proud of. Their brilliant
contemporary designs truly represent the country's
history, culture, and environment. These famous artists
have been recognized by the NCCA and the CCP for their
contributions to the industry.
LESSON 8 National Artists for Film
January 1, 1897, Philippines experienced its first movies
 Un Homme au Chapeau (Man with a Hat)
 Une Scene de Danse Japonaise (Scene from a
Japanese Dance)
 Les Boxers (The Boxers)
 La Place de L’Opera (The Palace of L’Opera)
venue: Salon de Pertierra, Escolta Street
equipment: Gaumont Chrono-Photograph Projector
(60mm)
initiator: a Spaniard remembered as Pertierra
Who is the initiator of the first film viewing in
the Philippines? Pertierra
1898: first movies was shot in the Philippines by
Antonio Ramos using a Lumiere Cinematograph
imported from Paris
Ramos shot the following films
 Panorama de Manila (Manila Landscape)
 Fiesta de Quiapo (Quiapo Fiesta)
 Puente de España (Bridge of Spain)
 Esceñas Callejeras (Street Scenes)
Over the years, since the arrival of cinema in the
country, Filipino artists have thrived and triumphed in
the fast-paced world of cinema.
Without the brilliance and talents of the people
behind the art, filmmaking will not be made possible.
Lino Brocka
1939-1991; Conferred: 1997
 contributed 66 films that "breathed life and
hope for the marginalized sectors of the
society" (NCCA)
 "a bounty of stunning images, memorable
conversations that speak volume son love,
betrayal and redemption, pestilence and plenty,
all pointing towards the recovery and
rediscovery of our nation"
 Wanted: Perfect Mother, 1970 ; Insiang, 1976 ;
Jaguar, 1979; Bona, 1980 ; Macho Dancer,
1988 ; Ora Pro Nobis (Fight For Us, 1989;
Gumapang Ka sa Lusak, 1990
 Lino Brocka’s Maynila sa Kuko ng Liwanag stars
Rafael Roco Jr. who is now known as …Bembol
Roco
 According to NCCA, Lino Brocka contributed 66
films that breathed life and hope for the
marginalized sectors of the society. Which of
the following is the described sector? Informal
Settlers
Ishmael Bernal
1938-1996; Conferred: 2001
 Himala: "as social commentaries and bold
reflections on the existing realities of the
struggles of the Filipino."
 "polishing its visuals, or innovating in the
medium, he manages to send his message
across: to fight the censors, free the artists, give
justice to the oppressed, and enlighten as well
as entertain the audience" (NCCA)
 Dalawang Pugad, Isan Ibon (Two Nests, One
Bird), 1977; Lagi na Lamang Ba Akong Babae?
(Will I Always Be Just a Woman?), 1978 ; Isang
Gabi sa Iyo, Isang Gabi sa Akin (A Night With
You, A Night With Me), 1978; Ikaw Ay Akin
(You're Mine), 1979: Menor de Edad
(Underage), 1979
 "Walang himala!!!”—a legendary line from the
breakthrough masterpiece Himala starring Nora
Aunor. Who directed the said film?
Gerardo “Gerry' De Leon
1913-1981; Conferred: 1982
 most awarded film director in the country for
Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences
(FAMAS)
 FAMAS is equivalent to the Oscars
 Ama't Anak (directorial debut) Ang Maestra ;
Sawa sa Lumang Simboryo ; Dyesebel ; The Gold
Bikini; Banaue ; The Brides of Blood Island
Manuel Conde
1915-1985; Conferred: 2009
 Gengis Khan was the first Filipino film be
acclaimed international film festival in Venice.
 Juan Tamad Goes to Congress is considered the
best Filipino satire ever filmed
 Juan Tamad; Si Juan Daldal (Anak ni Juan Tanad:
Si Juan Tamad at Juan Sipag sa Pulitikang
Walang Hanggan; Vende Cristo Krus na Katayan;
Siete Infantes de Lara: Molare
Fernando Poe Jr.
1939-2004; Conferred: 2006
 aka Da King or FPJ
  King of Philippine Movies
 most admired Filipino artists of all time
 Flavio of Ang Panday series
 Apollo Robles, 1961; Batang Maynila (Manila
Boy), 1962; Mga Alabok sa Lupa (Dusts in Land),
1967; Ako ang Katarungan (I Am Justice), 1974 ;
Tatak ng Alipin (Mark of a Slave), 1975 ; Totoy
Bato, 1977; Asedillo, 1971 ; Partida (Party),
1985
 exceptional actor, film producer, politician
 2004 ran for the presidential election
 Aside from the usual stance, and his hands
inside the pocket gestures, even the
“pompyang” after consecutive punches, What
else is FPJ known for? Sideburns (Patilya), "Ang
Probinsyano", "Isang bala ka lang."

Eddie S. Romero
1924-2013; Conferred: 2003
 "delivered in an utterly simple style minimalist,
but empty, always calculated, precise and
functional, but never predictable"
 "devoted to the art and commerce of cinema"
 Ganito Kami Noon...Paano Kayo Ngayon? – love
letter to his country; portrayal of the common
Filipino in the backdrop of history and
imagination
 Who stars in Eddie s. Romero’s Ganito Kami
Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon? masterpiece ?
Christopher de Leon
 Kumakalawa - a film that probed into
indigenous precolonial Philippines
 on screen adaptation:Noli Me Tangere
 Aguila : Hari sa Hari, Lahi sa Lahi ; Isumpa Mo
Giliw : Faces of Love
 One of Eddie S. Romero’s work is Aguila. Who
played the lead role in this movie? Fernando
Poe Jr.

Summary
Without the brilliance and dedication of
national artists, Philippine cinema will not be
competitive and highly spirited as it is today. The
Filipino movie industry will continue to thrive if we will
continue to show support and patronage to the craft.
We should avoid buying pirated movies or downloading
films in the internet because it can kill the movie
industry in the country.
Supporting local works can be difficult especially
for those with tight budgets. However, we can try
legitimate alternatives such as renting, or waiting for
the movies to be shown by local networks.