9

English
Quarter 1–Module 1:
Expressing Permission, Obligation and Prohibition Using Modals

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jennifer S. Gonzales
Editor: Sharie L. Miguel, EdD
Reviewer: Shariel L. Miguel, Cherrylene M. Mendoza
Illustrator: Jennifer S. Gonzales
Layout Artist: Cherrylene M. Mendoza, Sharie L. Miguel

Management Team: Zenia G. Mostoles, EdD, CESO V, SDS

Leonardo C. Canlas, EdD, CESE, ASDS
Rowena T. Quiambao, CESE, ASDS
Celia R. Lacanlale, PhD SGOD Chief,
Arceli S. Lopez, PhD, SGOD Chief
June D. Cunanan, EPS-English
Ruby M. Jimenez, EPS-LRMDS

Published by the Department of Education, Schools Division of Pampanga

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Office Address: High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes, City of San Fernando, Pampanga
Telephone No: (045) 435-2728
E-mail Address: pampanga@deped.gov.ph
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the English Grade 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Expressing
Permission, Obligation and Prohibition Using Modals. This module was collaboratively designed,
developed and reviewed by educators from public institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need
to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included
in the module.

For the Learner:

Welcome to the English Grade 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Expressing
Permission, Obligation and Prohibition Using Modals.

As you explore this learning resource, you will be equipped with the different activities that you
can actually use to develop fluency in expressing functions such as permission, obligation and
prohibition. In expressing these modalities, there are modal verbs that you can use. Each modal
when used with a main verb, helps show feelings or attitude toward the action or the situation that
the verb shows. These verbs are helpful in structuring your sentences effectively.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and
independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of
the learning resource while being an active learner.

What I Need to Know

This module will assist you in encouraging the learners to express permission,
obligation and prohibition using modals.
Please help the learners in sharing their ideas and knowledge from their
experiences so that there will be collaboration and learning will be easy.
 Answers are written at the back of this module. Inculcate to the learners the value
of honesty while answering this module.

For the learner

Do you know how to express permission, obligation and prohibition using
modals? In this module, you will learn more on how modals are used to encourage
someone to do something, to ask and give permission, to oblige someone to do
something and prohibit someone from doing something. Through the use of modal
auxiliaries or modal verbs, you can express yourself meaningfully and you can
communicate effectively. You will be given activities that you can answer on your
own after reading and going through the different parts of this module. Please
remember not to make markings on this module and write your answers on your
notebook.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the modals used in sentences;

2. give the different uses of modal verbs; and
3. express permission obligation and prohibition using modals.

What I Know

Can you still recall how modal verbs are used to express permission, obligation
and prohibition? Let us check your knowledge on this as you identify the modals referred
to in the pre-assessment below. Choose your answer from the box and write it on a
separate sheet of paper.

should may could can’t ought to

can must have to would mustn’t
1. It is a modal used to ask for and give permission. It means something is
allowed and be done.
2. It is used to express a firm obligation or necessity. It shows that the obligation
comes from the speaker.
3. It is used to show that a person is obliged to do something, usually from
outside force.
4. It is used to express recommendation or moral obligation; it is used in saying
what is right or correct or necessary. It is used when the speaker wants
to represent something as law or duty or regulation.
5. It is used to ask permission, is more formal than the modal can.
6. It is the most formal modal verb to ask for and give permission.
7. It is used to talk about something that is against the rules, particularly when
we don’t make the rule.
8. It is used to talk about what is not permitted. It is used particularly when the
prohibition comes from the speaker.
9. It is used to state urgency or necessity or recommending action. It is used
when the speaker is using his own subjective view.
10. It is used to begin a question that seems to be polite in asking permission.

Complete the sentences by choosing appropriate modals to express permission,

obligation, or prohibition. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

11. ______ I have a glass of water?

A. can C. must
B. may D. should
12. You ______ to finish answering this questionnaire by tomorrow.
A. have to C. ought to
B. must D. should
13. You ______ take pictures inside the museum.
A. can C. must
B. can’t D. mustn’t
14. I ______ obey government policies.
A. have to C. ought to
B. must D. should
15. People ______ remain seated until the show is over.
A. have to C. ought to
B. must D. should

Lesson
Expressing Permission, Obligation, and
1 Prohibition Using Modals
Using modal verbs in expressing permission, obligation and prohibition will help
you communicate effectively and meaningfully.

What’s In

Have you already experienced visiting a flower farm? Many Filipinos enjoy going to
gardens full of flowers. You have probably seen signages with the following rules:

1. Guests must observe cleanliness.

2. You can’t take pictures in this area.
2. Guests mustn’t smoke inside the flower garden.
3. Guests may only eat on the tables provided by the tour guide.
4. Guests mustn’t pick flowers.

What do these rules express? Do you know why you have to follow these flower
garden rules? What will happen if every guest will break the rules? Following all the
policies and the rules will ensure that all guests are safe, comfortable and enjoy
themselves fully.
 Look at the word must in the first rule. What information does it give us? Right, it
tells us what we are allowed or not allowed to do. It informs us of an obligation. Reread
numbers 2-5, encircle the words that inform us of permission, obligation or prohibition.

Notes to the Teacher

The teacher must consider the prerequisite skills needed in the
development of this competency including the schema or background
knowledge which may reinforce learning. This module will help the
learners bridge the gap of learning to attain mastery of the lesson in its
spiral progression.

What’s New

Do you have time to think of what you can do to help fight COVID-19 pandemic?
Read the poem below and find out if you have similar thoughts.
How I Beat COVID-19
By: Jennifer S. Gonzales

I can’t go out yet, so I should stay home daily;

I can’t mingle with my friends yet, I can’t see them personally
I just realized, I just realized.
May I just send messages oftentimes?
May I just have video calls several times?

Mother says, yes you may, yes you may,

Fathers says, yes you may, yes you may.

I can’t go out yet, so I should stay home daily

I can’t go out yet, what must I do regularly?
I just realized, I just realized,
I have to take part of my family’s safety;
I have to make our home strong and healthy.

Mother says, yes you have to, yes you have to,
Fathers says, yes you have to, yes you have to.

I can’t go out yet, so I should stay home daily.

I can’t go out yet, what I ought to do honestly,
I just realized, I just realized,
I ought to respect the policy of my community;
I ought to show empathy to our health authority.
 Mother says, yes you ought to, yes you ought to,
Fathers says, yes you ought to, yes you ought to.

I can’t go out yet…I must do my part,

I mustn’t stop beating COVID-19
I must say my prayers…
Would you mind doing the same?

Comprehension Questions:
1. What is the poem about?
2. Is the persona’s perspective about beating COVID-19 pandemic same as yours?
Why or why not?
3. Reread the following lines from the poem. Which lines suggest asking for and
giving permission?
a. May I just send messages often times?
b. I must say my prayers
c. I can’t mingle with my friends yet, I can’t see them personally
d. Fathers says, yes you may, yes you may
4. The following lines suggest obligation. Which words indicate obligation?
I have to make our home strong and healthy
I ought to respect the policy of my community
5. The poem makes use of the words can’t and mustn’t in the following lines. What
do these words indicate? Do these words provide additional meaning?
I can’t go out yet, so I should to stay home daily
I mustn’t stop beating COVID-19

What is It

Discussion of Activity 1

How do you do you construct sentences in expressing permission, obligation, and

prohibition? When you need to express these functions, you need to use modals-
also called modal verbs, modal auxiliaries and modal auxiliary verbs.
Modals provide additional meaning that the main verb cannot provide by itself. In
effect they help the main verb express more clearly. In school, we learn to express
permission by saying, “May I leave the room?”. The word may is a modal which
indicates asking for permission. Reread the following lines from the poem. Which
lines indicate asking permission and giving permission?
a. I can’t mingle with my friends yet, I can’t see them personally
b. I just realized, I just realized.
c. May I just send messages oftentimes?
d. Mother says, yes you may, yes you may
If you want to seem polite, you can begin asking permission with, Would you
mind…? Have you noticed any lines from the poem beginning with, Would you
 mind? Recall the posters around your school premises that tell you what to do and
not to do in case of fire, earthquake or typhoon. You usually see these reminders,
“You should know how to call for emergency,” and “You mustn’t smoke inside the
house.”
The first example with the modal should indicates obligation, a recommendation.
What does the sentence express then? The second example expresses
prohibition. What does the modal mustn’t indicate then? Which of these lines
expresses obligation? Which line expresses prohibition?

I have to make our home strong and healthy.

I ought to respect the policy of my community
I mustn’t stop beating COVID-19

The most common words used in asking and giving permission are can, may,
could, and would. The modal could is more formal than can. May is the most
formal. In expressing obligation, we use the modal verbs must, should, ought to
and have to. The modal must is used to express a firm obligation or necessity. It
shows that the obligation comes from the speaker. The modal should is used in
stating urgency or necessity and that the speaker is using his own subjective view.
The modal have to is used to show that a person is obliged to do something usually
by an outside force. Ought to is used to express recommendation or moral
obligation, it is used when the speaker wants to represent something as law or
duty or regulation. Can or can’t suggests something is against the rule, particularly
when we don’t make the rule. Must not or mustn’t is used to talk about what is not
permitted. It implies that the prohibition is directly from the speaker.
All these modal verbs do not change forms. Each modal verb gives additional
information about the function of the main verb that follows it.

What’s More

Independent Activity 1
Complete the following sentences with the appropriate modals from the box. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

can may would could have to

ought to must should can’t mustn’t

1. You ________ research the route a little more before you set sail.
2. You ________ work without your ID company.
3. ________ I just send a date when to hand in you research work?
4. ________ you give them the doctor’s telephone number?
5. I ________ finish my research this week for me to meet the deadline set.
6. Students ________ not remove their IDs inside the school premises.
7. People________ abide by the rules in the General Community Quarantine.
8. She ________ consult the pediatrician if her child is not feeling well.
9. ________ you like to come with me to the party tonight?
10. You ________ be properly dressed if you will come to the party.
11. We________ stay here, it’s getting dark.
 12. ________ we go for a walk?
13. You ________ take photos in the museum.
14. Baggage ________ be left unattended.
15. You ________ complete the requirements before claiming your prize of winning.

Independent Assessment 1
Tell whether each sentence expresses permission, obligation or prohibition. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. The security guard should stay in front of the supermarket.
2. Can I just get a piece of paper from your desk?
3. You have to be ready for the interview tomorrow.
4. You may now start answering the questions.
5. You can’t copy my homework.
6. May I be allowed to watch the football game on Sunday?
7. You can’t play with my friends outside.
8. We ought to work and stay during work hours.
9. You may use this book now.
10. You have to return the book in the library by tomorrow.
11. Could I just send my letter via email?
12. Listen, you can’t use the library for other purposes.
13. She must return the book in its proper place.
14. The gardener may now put flowers here.
15. You ought to respect the policies of the government.

Independent Activity 2
A. Write a sentence for each phrase to ask permission. Use “Would you mind…” to
make the statements politer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. join in a contest ____________________________________

2. make a call _______________________________________
3. sing with you ______________________________________
4. start the meeting ___________________________________
5. go to the ball ______________________________________

B. Use each modal in a sentence. Be guided by the clues in the parentheses.

Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
6. may (asking permission to return the enrolment form the next day)
____________________________________________________
7. have to (suggesting obligation to attend a seminar)
____________________________________________________
8. can’t (prohibiting someone from creating noise during mass)
____________________________________________________
9. can (requesting for permission to go home)
____________________________________________________
10. may (giving permission to speak in behalf of the class)
____________________________________________________

C. Using the appropriate modals, write your own sentence expressing prohibition.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
11. There is a motorcycle trying to cut across your car.
The motor driver can’t _____________________________________
12. Your classmate hesitates to recite in your class discussion.
You should not ______________________________________
 13. your younger brother wants to play outside that late night.
You should not ______________________________________
14. A man smokes in a public place
You must not ________________________________________
15. Your younger brother keeps on talking with his mouth full.
You can’t ___________________________________________
Independent Assessment 2
Use the given topics to write sentences expressing permission, obligation and prohibition.
Make sure to use appropriate modals verbs. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.
A. Online Enrolment (Permission)
1. ___________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________
B. Garbage Problem (Obligation)
6. ___________________________________________
7. ___________________________________________
8. ___________________________________________
9. ___________________________________________
10. ___________________________________________
C. Social Network Addiction (Prohibition)
11. ___________________________________________
12. ___________________________________________
13. ___________________________________________
14. ___________________________________________
15. ___________________________________________

Independent Activity 3
Complete the following sentences with the appropriate modal verbs signifying obligation
or prohibition. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Today my love, is a day we ________ not forget because it is our 25th Wedding
Anniversary.
2. As students, we ________ see the National Museum of the Philippines.
3. All of us ________ take care of our parents when they get old.
4. As a driver, you ________ take for granted the traffic lights rules.
5. Every short story ________ have a climax.
6. You ________ turn off the lights yet.
7. People ________ stop working specially to earn a living for their family.
8. All players ________ play fair.
9. This is now the time that you ________ give to the needy.
10. You ________ train your children to unplug every appliance when not in use.
11. You ________ help each other in finishing your group project.
12. You ________ memorize the lines assigned to you.
13. You ________ eat fruits and vegetables for you to stay healthy.
14. They ________ sleep late tonight. They need to come early for school
tomorrow.
15. You ________ practice writing every day in order for you to become a good writer.
Independent Assessment 3
Use each phrase in a sentence to express obligation and prohibition. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. have to submit on time
________________________________________
2. should obey the laws
________________________________________
3. ought to pay the right taxes
________________________________________
4. have to help
________________________________________
5. have to practice regularly
________________________________________
6. ought to vote wisely
________________________________________
7. must follow instructions
________________________________________
8. should step forward
________________________________________
9. ought to punish
________________________________________
10. mustn’t hesitate to join
________________________________________
11. mustn’t stop maintain good grades
________________________________________
12. can’t leave for school
________________________________________
13. can’t send copies
________________________________________
14. mustn’t get tired
________________________________________
15. can’t make noise
_________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Express permission, obligation and prohibition using the modals below. Write your
sentences on a separate sheet of paper.
Modals Sentences Uses
Can 1. Permission

May 2.

Could 3.

Should 4. Obligation
5.
Must 6.
7.
 Have 8.
to 9.
Ought 10.
to 11.
Mustn’t 12. Prohibition
13.
Can’t 14.
15.

What I Can Do

A. Pretend that you are a campus journalist and you are going to interview the Presidential
Spokesperson Harry Roque for the Emergency Response Project of the government.
Prepare for the interview by writing five questions using appropriate modal verbs. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. ________________________________________
2. ________________________________________
3. ________________________________________
4. ________________________________________
5. ________________________________________

B. Think about a place where you would like to go for fun or relaxation. Write five rules
for this place that visitors should follow. Make sure that you use modal verbs constructing
the rules. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

6. ________________________________________
7. ________________________________________
8. ________________________________________
9. ________________________________________
10. ________________________________________

C. Drinking liquor and using illegal drugs can affect a person’s behavior. Write five
sentences prohibiting young people from drinking alcohol and using illegal drugs. Be
reminded on the correct usage of modals. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

11. ________________________________________
12. ________________________________________
13. ________________________________________
14. ________________________________________
15. ________________________________________
 Assessment

A. Choose two correct responses to give to each question. Write the letter of the correct
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. When asking permission, which of these will you use?

a. Can she come to see us tomorrow?
b. Will she not come to see us tomorrow?
c. May she come to see us tomorrow?
d. Would she not come to see us tomorrow?
2. When stating the need for someone to do something,
which of these will you use?
a. You have to give up smoking.
b. She can’t use this room.
c. You mustn’t reveal where you got the information.
d. You should help your mother more.
B. Answer the following questions in the best way you can using correct modals. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
3. What should people do when they feel angry?
________________________________________
4. What must a student do to maintain good grades?
________________________________________
5. What do you ought to do when you vote?
________________________________________
C. Read the dialogue and choose the correct modals in the parentheses. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Benjie: I have heard from the news that the Philippine National Police checkpoints
will remain in all areas under community quarantine, whether ECQ, MECQ, GCQ or
MGCQ.
Nada: 6. (Can, May) I go to the mall to meet my friends there now that we are in the
General Community Quarantine?
Benjie: You 7. (can’t, mustn’t) still go out yet if you are 21 years below or if you are
60 above.
Nada: Yes, I understand. I 8. (ought to, should) follow the general rule of staying at
home: LGUs 9. (must, should) continue to implement the curfew in their respective
areas.
Benjie: Yes, you are right. In my case, I 10. (ought to, should) show my company ID
so that the PNP will have a basis to allow me through.

D. Use the correct modals of prohibition in each of the sentences.

Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
11. You _______ share fake news in social media to avoid confusion.
12. She _______ occupy this area right now I am using it.
13. He _______ talk to me right now I need to finish my research work.
14. I _______ involve myself with this kind of trouble.
15. You ________enter the theater without your ticket.
 Additional Activities

Using the appropriate modal auxiliaries, create dialogues based on the given situations
below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. You are the SSG president and you would like to ask permission from the
school principal to attend a leadership training.

2. You are the class president and you want a truant classmate to know that it is
necessary to come to class on time.
 Publishing House Inc.,2016.
Natividad, Virginia. English in Perspective Anglo-Anglo American Literature-Grade 9. Quezon City. ABIVA
Education, 2014.
Almonte, Liza et al. A Journey through Anglo- American Literature-Grade 9. Pasig City: Department of
References
Assessment
A. 1. a, c 2. a, d
What I Know What's More
B. 3-5 answers may vary
Independent Activity 1
C. 6. can 7. can’t 8. ought to
1. can 1. May 11. Can’t
9. must 10. ought to
2. must 2. Must 12. Can
D. 11. mustn’t 12. Can’t
3. have to 3. May 13. Can’t
13. can’t 14. mustn’t 15.
4. ought to 4. Could 14. Should
can’t
5. could 5. Have 15. Have to
Independent Assessment 1
6. may 6. must
1. Obligation
7. can’t 7. Ought
2. Permission
8. mustn’t 8. Should
3. Obligation
9. should 9. Would
4. Permission
10. would 10. Should
5. Prohibition
11. A Independent Activity 2
6. Permission
12. A A-B Answers may vary
7. Prohibition
13. B C.11.cut across my car
8. Obligation
14. C 12.hesitate in your class
9. Permission
15. B discussion
10. Obligation
13. play outside late at night
11. Permission
14. smoke in a public place
12. Prohibition
15. keep on talking with
13. Obligation
mouth full.
14. Permission
Independent Activity 3
15. Obligation
1. should 2. Should 3. Must Independent Assessment 2
4. ought to 5. Has to 6. Can’t
Answers may vary
7. must 8. Ought to 9. Should
10.should 11. Have 12. Have to Independent Assessment 3
13. should 14. Can’t 15. Answers may vary
should
Answer Key