Dorado, Marisse Lyn V

CHE320-CHE31S1

ASSIGNMENT 3.3 Genetic Analysis

Genetic Analysis is the study of overall process and researching in fields of science that involves
genetics and molecular biology.

A meteorologist, mathematician, biologist and the Father of Genetics, Gregor Johann Mendel
conduct an experiment with pea plant breeding. With these, he discovered the fundamental laws of
inheritance and three principles of inheritance. He deduced that genes come in pairs and are inherited as
distinct units, one from each parent. It describes the transmission of genetic inheritance and led to the
development of new experimental methods. Also, the segregation of parental genes and their appearance
in the offspring as dominant or recessive traits.

From his book, “Experiments on Plant Hybridization,” he identified his experiment a pure-
breeding pea plants that consistently showed 1 form of a trait after generations of self-pollination. These
pure-breeding lines of plants and recorded the traits of hybrid progeny.

He proposed that heredity is the result of each parent passing along 1 factor for every trait. If the factor
is dominant, it will be expressed in the progeny. If the factor is recessive, it will not show up but will
continue to be passed along to the next generation. Each factor works independently from the others,
and they do not blend.
The genetic makeup of peas consists of two similar or homologous copies of each chromosome, one from
each parent. Each pair of homologous chromosomes has the same linear order of genes; hence peas are
diploid organisms. The same is true for many other plants and for virtually all animals. Diploid organisms
utilize meiosis to produce haploid gametes, which contain one copy of each homologous chromosome
that unite at fertilization to create a diploid zygote.

Aside from that, Mendel set the framework for genetics and selected a simple biological system and
conducted methodical and soon Mendel’s law was revealed.

1. Law of Segregation
2. Law of Independent Assortment
3. Law of Dominance
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_General_Biology_(
OpenStax)/3%3A_Genetics/12%3A_Mendel's_Experiments_and_Heredity