UNIT 4

TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY NETWORK AND SUPPLY COMPONENT

THE TRAVEL INDUSTRY

- It is a tourism and hospitality network, which includes both the public and private sectors.
- The composite of organizations, both private and public, that are involved in the development,
production, and marketing of products and services to serve the needs of the travelers.” (Gee, Choy
& Makens, 1997)
- In simpler terms, it is concerned with providing services related to travel from one location to another.
- This includes services that are directly related to the travel itself, such as transportation, but also
includes services related to catering for travelers’ needs and wants after they have arrived at their
destination.

COMPONENTS OF TRAVEL INDUSTRY

- Businesses and corporations are regarded as components of the travel industry.

1. Direct providers
○ Include businesses that are associated with travel, such as airlines, hotels, restaurants, ground
transportation, travel agencies, and retail shops.
○ These businesses provide services, and products that are consumed and/or purchased
directly by travelers.
○ They represent the sectors of the industry that are visible to the travelers.
2. Support services
○ Lend support to direct providers.
○ Provide goods and services for both the traveler and for organizations that sell goods and
services directly but not exclusively to tourists.
○ It includes specialized services such as tour organizers, travel and trade publications, hotel
management firms, and travel research firms. It also includes basic supplies and services, such
as contract laundry and contract food services.
3. Tourism developmental organizations
○ It includes planners, government agencies, financial institutions, real estate developers, and
educational and vocational training institutions.
○ These organizations deal with tourism and hospitality development.

TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY SUPPLY COMPONENTS

- 5 main categories:
1. Natural resources 4. Hospitality resources
2. Infrastructure 5. Superstructure
3. Transportation and transportation
equipment

1. Natural resources
○ Provides an excellent asset to sell to tourists.
○ Include elements in an area for the use and enjoyment of visitors.
- Climate
- Landforms
- Terrain
- Flora and fauna
- Bodies of water
 - Beaches
- Specific phenomenon such as volcanoes, waterfalls, caves and canyons
2. Infrastructure
○ Consists of all underground and surface developmental construction
- Water supply systems
- Power
- Communication
- Healthcare
- Sewage/drainage
- Streets/highways
- Transportation terminals
- Security
3. Transportation and transportation equipment
○ Mode of transportation: land, air, sea, and rail.
○ Transportation equipment: domestic and marine container trucks, tractors, trailers, chassis,
cranes, portable ramps, lifting equipment, railroad locomotives, railroad rolling stock, modular
office units, mobile office and storage trailers and all other transportation equipment, and
includes all accessories.
4. Hospitality resources
○ Hospitality resources refer to the general feeling of being welcomed that the visitors receive
while visiting a destination area.
○ It is the way that tourist services are delivered by service providers, as well as the general
feeling of warmth from the local population.
○ Include the cultural wealth of an area which makes possible the successful hosting of tourists.
○ Examples:
- Welcoming spirit of tourism business employees
- Attitudes of the residents towards visitors
- Courtesy
- Friendliness
- Sincere interest
- Willingness to serve and to get better acquainted with visitors
- Other manifestations of warmth and friendliness
- Also included are the cultural resources of an area such as fine arts, literature, history,
music, dramatic art, dancing, and shopping.
○ The Mabuhay Gesture
- Commonly known as “Bating Pilipino”
- House Resolution No. 408 by Bayani Fernando
- Adapted in February 2020
- Aims to promote goodwill, praise and respect
○ Tourists will have a more enjoyable vacation if they feel welcomed by the host population
and will certainly feel awkward and unhappy if they feel rejected.
○ Hospitality resources can be improved by training tourism and hospitality personnel to be
hospitable to encourage positive feelings toward tourism and hospitality and tourists by the
general public.
○ Hospitality training - aims to motivate service providers to be hospitable in dealing with
tourists.
- 3 aspects of attitudes:
- Attitude towards self - it is the individuals’ perception of his/her self.
- Attitude towards others - how you deal with the people around you.
 - Attitude towards tourism and hospitality industry - awareness of how important
tourism and hospitality is to the country.
- Example programs to facilitate a change in attitude:
- The Filipino Brand of Service (FBS) - Department of Tourism’s training program,
which is envisioned to represent everything that is good and positive about
Filipino hospitality that can be used by all tourism stakeholders in dealing with
domestic or international tourists.
- Tourism Awareness Training workshop - this training will help all stakeholders to
better understand the concept and gains derived from tourism.
5. Superstructure
○ Defines buildings or facilities that primarily serve the needs or interests of tourism/hospitality
visitors.
○ Examples:
- Accommodation
- Food and beverage

ACCOMODATIONS
- Where guests/tourists stay during their visit.
- For a tourist region to succeed, the following should be considered:
● Providing sufficient quantities of accommodations of the right quality for the needs of the
tourist.
● Availability of appropriate accommodations for all segments of the market.

Types of Accommodation
1. Hotels - provide accomodation, meals, and refreshments for those who may reserve their
accomodations in advance but need not to do so. In broad terms, they provide facilities that meet
the needs of the modern travelers. They portray an image of efficiency and service
2. Condominium - is an apartment or individual dwelling unit owned by an individual but the
management and services, such as maintenance and security, are handled by an independent
company.
- The company often contracts to rent the condominium when it is not being used by the
owner. Or the owner can sell his or her unit independently to tourists or other owners.
3. Motels or Motor hotels - provide bathrooms, bath, and parking to motorists; rooms are usually
accessible from the parking lot. They are usually near the highways.
4. Inns - are lodging establishments catering to transients which do not meet the minimum requirement
of an economy hotel.
5. Apartments - are hotels (Apartelles), buildings, or edifices containing several independent and
furnished or semi-furnished apartments that are regularly leased to tourists and travelers for dwelling,
on a more or less long-term basis and offering basic services to its tenants similar to hotels.
6. Paradores - are old convents, monasteries, castles, or fortresses converted into hotels by the
government and operated by a national tourism office.
- First-class paradores are found in Spain and Ireland.
- They appeal to tourists who would like to experience the romances and ambiances of the
past in a 15th century Augustinian monastery or a 19th century mansion.
7. Pensions - are private or family-operated tourist accommodations similar to boarding houses or
guesthouses. They offer food and lodging to tourists and are well-known for their informal family
atmosphere.
8. Bed-and-breakfast accommodations - provide a room, bath, and a hearty breakfast to tourists
and/or travelers.
 - They are known as B&Bs and are popular in Britain, Ireland, and the United States.
9. Hostels - provide minimal amenities such as bunk beds and a commonly shared toilet and bathroom.
The traveler provides his or her own beddings. They appeal mostly to young travelers.
10. Campgrounds - appeal mostly to families who travel in recreational vehicles (RVs).
11. Health spas - are hostels and resorts which cater to individuals who go to spas or mineral springs for
weight reduction or medical treatments.
12. Private homes - provide lodging to tourists when accommodations are not available during peak
periods.

HOTEL CLASSIFICATIONS

Classification of hotel based on price:

● Deluxe - a hotel offering extra fancy or of very high quality.
○ Examples:
- Century Park Hotel
- Crowne Plaza Galleria Manila
- Dusit Hotel Nikko
- EDSA Shangri-La Hotel and others
● First-class - a hotel offering top quality services and usually a prime location and extensive amenities.
○ Examples:
- Discovery Suites
- Great Eastern Hotel
- Manila Pavilion Hotel
- The Linden Suits
- The Richmonde Hotel
- Marriott Hotels
- Park Inn by Radisson
● Standard or mid-scale - a hotel that’s positioned between the luxury and budget hotels. i t provides a
comprehensive selection of services and amenities that are high quality.
○ Examples:
- Seda Hotel Iloilo
- Hotel del Rio
● Economy or budget - are small to medium-sized hotel establishments that offer basic
accommodations with little to no services.
○ Examples:
- Corporate Inn
- Kabayan Hotel and others

Classification of hotel based on star-rating:

● 1-star hotel - provides a limited range of amenities and services, but adheres to a high standard of
facility-wide cleanliness.
● 2-star hotel - provides good accommodation and better equipped bedrooms, each with a
telephone and attached private bathroom.
● 3-star hotel - has more spacious rooms and adds high-class decorations and furnishings and color TV.
It also offers one or more bars or lounges.
● 4-star hotel - it is much more comfortable and larger, and provides excellent cuisine, room service,
and other amenities.
● 5-star hotel - offers the most luxurious premises, widest range of guest services, as well as swimming
pool and sport and exercise facilities.
FOOD AND BEVERAGE ESTABLISHMENT

What is food and beverage?

- The food and beverage industry represent a huge sector of services within the hospitality industry
- Food offers a gateway into other cultures, through taste, through food preparation and the whole
eating environment.
- Food and drink provide lasting memories that define a holiday or travel experience.

Types of food and beverage establishment

● Fine dining restaurants - known as white-tablecloth restaurants which typically come in high-rated
types of restaurants. It has a formal atmosphere, a fancier and larger menu than other types. They
hire well-educated, professional staff, waiters and members.
● Fast food restaurants - also known as quick-service restaurants which offer low price point items on
their menus. Fast food is prepared and served quickly and inexpensively.
● Casual dining - is a blend of fine dining and fast food dining which serves moderately-priced food in
a more casual atmosphere. It has a more friendly and informal atmosphere.
● Cafes - a café, also known as coffee shop. Its primary purpose is to offer hot beverages.
● Buffet style restaurants - is where guests serve themselves from a different type of dishes set out on a
table.
● Club, bar and pubs
○ Pub - bar that affects an English, Scottish or Irish motif. Drinking but no dancing.
○ Bar - primarily a drinking establishment, occasionally with live music. Rarely with a cover
charge (entrance fee)
○ Club - large drink-serving venue that charges a cover. Dancing to a live band or a DJ is a
prominent part.

Basic requirements of restaurants

1. The facades and architectural features of the building shall be appropriately designed. It shall be
provided with a proper entrance and exit. There shall be an adequate and secured parking space
provided free to customers. A receptionist shall be available to usher in the guests. A waiting lounge
with a telephone shall also be provided.
2. The dining room shall be adequate in size, with sufficient and well-maintained furniture.
3. There shall be cuisine of good quality and presentation and served with distinction. There shall be a
menu book or card which shall be presentable, clean, and easy to read with the menu items listed in
logical sequence. All tables shall have clean table cloth and cloth napkins of good quality. No piece
of crockery, cutlery, and tableware in use shall be chopped, cracked, or glazed. The silverware shall
be kept polished and clean at all times.
4. Adequate number of well-trained, experienced, efficient, and courteous staff shall be employed. The
bar shall be well-stocked at all times. The kitchen, pantry, and cold storage shall be in good
operating condition at all times and shall be of good quality fixtures and fitting and provided with
running water. Tissue paper, soap, paper towels, and/or hand drier shall be provided. All main dining
or function rooms shall be fully air-conditioned and/or well-ventilated.

SUMMARY:
● The travel industry is a tourism and hospitality network encompassing both the public and private
sectors.
● Businesses and organizations can be thought of as components of the travel industry and
categorized as direct providers, support services, and tourism developmental organizations.
● The first category involves organizations that provide services or products directly to the travelers.
● The second category provides goods and services for both the travelers and for organizations that
send goods and services directly but not exclusively to tourists.
● The traveler receives the service indirectly through these support services.
● The third category affects the other two categories, both directly and indirectly, as well as the
travelers.
● Tourism and hospitality supply components are classified into five main categories: natural
resources, infrastructure, transportation, superstructure, and hospitality resources.
● Hospitality resources refer to the general feeling of being welcomed that tourists receive in a
destination area.
● It can be improved by providing a program of hospitality training to tourism and hospitality
personnel and encouraging positive feelings toward tourism and hospitality and tourists by the
general public.
● Transportation includes passenger transportation facilities used on land, air, and sea.
● Superstructure refers to facilities that are above the ground. Examples are hostels and other types
of accommodation, restaurants, and shopping centers.