•

•
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 Perception is the process by which we
organize and interpret our sensory
impressions in order to give meaning to the
environment. As pointed out, a situation
may be the same but the interpretation of
that situation by two individuals may be
immensely different.

Perception is the set of processes by which

an individual becomes aware of and
interprets information about the
environment.
Perception is an intellectual process through
which a person selects data from the
environment, organizes it and obtains meaning
from it.

Perception is psychological in in nature

It is subjective and individualistic

Perception is dynamic and keeps on

changing
Factors in Factors in Factors in
the the the
Perceiver Target Situation
 Motives

Interes Experience
ts s

Attitude Expectation
s Perceive s
r
Novelty Motion Sound

Proximity
Size

Background Similarity
 Work
Tim
Settin
e
g

Social
Settin
g
Receiving Selecting
Stimuli
Organisin
Stimuli
(Sensory Input)
(Factors influencing
perception)
g

Interpretin Respons
g e
 Organisin
g

Perceptual Grouping
Figure Background (Similarit y, Proximity, Closure,
Constancy
 Interpreting

Attribution
Halo, Horn,
(Distinctiveness, Stereotypin
Recency,
g Contrast,
Consistency, Selective Perception
Leniency Biases
Consensus)
The perception of people
differ from our
The theory has been
perception because we
developed to judge why
make inferences about
people behave the way
the actions of people
they behave
that we don’t generally
make about inanimate
objects.
4–1
1
 CONT…

• 4–1
2
Response

Covert Overt
(Attitudes, Motivation, (Behaviour
Feeling) )
 THE BOUNDED INTUITI
RATIONAL RATIONALIT ON
MODEL Y
Overconfidence Anchoring Bias Confirmation Availability Bias
Bias Bias

Escalation of Randomness
Risk aversion
commitment error
FOCUS ON LOOK FOR DON’T CREATE
GOALS INFORMATIO MEANING OUT
OF RANDOM
N
EVENTS

INCREASE
YOUR
OPTIONS
SELECTION
PROCESS
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Pygmalion Effect
Performance Evaluation
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
 TURN
OFF THE
THE ENGINE
M-A-C-T-A-V-I-S-H

M-A-C-D-O-N-A-L-D

M-A-C-B-E-T-H

M-A-C-H-I-N-E-R-Y
FIGURE-GROUND PRINCIPLE
Image
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