SKIN DISEASES

October 04, 2021 - Jeanette

* insert video of 6 common skin diseases in children

1. Chickenpox
treatment: vaccinate and application of mild cream
2. Ring worm
treatment: antifungal creams, antifungal shampoo
3. Slapped Cheeks
treatment: rest
4. Warts
treatment: bandages
5. Prickly Heat
treatment: prickly heat powder and antifungal soap
6. Eczema
treatment: mild soap and moisturizer

PATIENT COUNSELING ON COMMON SKIN DISORDER

Common Skin Disorder:

1. Acne (Acne Vulgaris) - most common skin disorder can be a source of anxiety for every teen
2. Atopic dermatitis (Eczema)
3. Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
4. Hives (Urticaria)
5. Sunburn
6. Contact Dermatitis
7. Diaper Rash
8. Athlete's Foot
9. Fungal Skin Infection

Treatment Options:
1. Antihistamines
2. Medicated creams and ointments
3. Antibiotics
4. Vitamin or Steroid Injections
5. Laser Therapy
6. Targeted Prescription Medications

NOTE:
 if your patient has fungal infection, always recommend them to go to the hospital for a check-up
 do not mix clindamycin with eskinol
 do not pop fresh pimples
 always remind your patient to take antifungal medications as directed by the doctor or sa package insert.
 if you have to use it for 3-4 weeks, you should definitely follow that.
 if your patient has ringworm, you may suggest for them to take antifungal medications either cream,
ointment, gel, or spray. Use it 2-3 times a day for 2-4 weeks.

Patient Advice
1. Avoid scratching as it may lead to bacterial infections
2. Avoid itch triggers like heat, cold or rapid temperature changes
3. Apply soothing ointments or creams
4. Wear cotton clothes
5. Wash clothes with mild detergents, avoid fabric softeners and rinse the clothes well
6. Have enough sleep and avoid stress
7. Consult a doctor if symptoms persist
Dispensing Tips
1. Instruct the patient about the medication and how to use it properly (name of medication, dose, frequency of
dose)
2. In case where symptoms are intense, advice the patient to see a physician at once
3. Discuss patient advice thoroughly for more information on the prevention and management of allergy

NOTE:
 creams - if large affected area; moist skin
 ointment - for dry skin
 MCDO - Moist Cream Dry Ointment

HYPERTENSION
October 05, 2021 - Jeanette

High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is blood pressure that is higher than normal. Your blood
pressure changes throughout the day based on your activities. Having blood pressure measures consistently
above may result in a diagnosis of high blood pressure (or hypertension)

The higher your blood pressure levels, the more risk you have for other health problems, such as heart disease,
heart attack, and stroke.

What are the signs and symptoms of high blood pressure?

 high blood pressure usually has no warning signs or symptoms, and many people do not know they have it.
Measuring your blood pressure is the only way to know whether you have high blood pressure.

What can I do to prevent or manage high blood pressure?

 many people with high blood pressure can lower their blood pressure into a healthy range or keep their
numbers in a healthy range by making lifestyle changes. Talk with your health care team about it
 getting at least 150 minutes of physical activity each week

NOTE:
 you can have high blood pressure for years without any symptoms. Uncontrolled high blood pressure
increases your risk of serious health problems, including can be easily detected. And once you know you
have high blood pressure, you can work with your doctor to control it.

DIABETES
Is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the
body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar.
Hyperglycemia, or raised blood sugar, is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and over time leads
to serious damage to many of the body's systems, especially the nerves and blood vessels.
Type 1 Diabetes
 previously known as insulin-dependent, juvenile or childhood-onset
 characterized by deficient insulin production and requires daily administrtion...

 causes: hereditary, lifestyle..

Health Impact
 over time, diabetes can damage the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves
 adults with diabetes have two- to three-fold increased risk of heart attacks and strokes
 combined with reduce blood flow, neuropathy (nerve damage) in the feet increases the chance of foot
ulcers, infection and eventual need for limb amputation
 diabetic retinopathy is an important cause of blindness, and occurs as a result of long-term accumulated
damage to the small blood vessels in the retina. Diabetes is the cause of 2.6% of global blindness
 diabetes is among the leading causes of kidney failure

Prevention
 simple lifestyle measures have been shown to be effective in preventing or delaying the onset...

Diagnosis and Treatment

 early diagnosis can be accomplished through relatively inexpensive testing of blood sugar
 treatment of diabetes involves diet and physical activity along with lowering of blood glucose and the levels
of other known risk factors that damage blood vessels. Tobacco use cessation is also important to avoid
complications
 interventions that are both cost-saving and feasible in low- and middle- income countries include:
 blood glucose control, particularly in type 1 diabetes. People with type 1 diabetes require insulin, people
with type 2 diabetes can be treated with oral medication, but may also require insulin;
 blood pressure control; and
 foot care (patient self-care by maintaining foot hygiene; wearing appropriate footwear; seeking
professional care for ulcer management; and regular examination of feet by health professionals

Other cost saving interventions include:

 screening and treatment for retinopathy (which causes blindness)
 blood lipid control (to regulate cholesterol levels);
 screening for early signs of diabetes-related kidney disease and treatment

What is normal range of blood sugar in glucometer?

 a blood sugar level less than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) is normal
 a reading ...

Which is best medicine for diabetes?

 Metformin is generally the first medication prescribed for type 2 diabetes. It works primarily by lowering
glucose production in the liver and improving your body's sensitive to insulin so that your body uses insulin
more effectively

 okra and ampalaya are good to lower blood sugar level

What is prediabetes? How is it treated?

 prediabtes is the term used to describe elevated blood sugar (glucose) that has not yet reached the level
for a type 2 diabetes diagnosis. It can be treated by lifestyle changes such as consuming a healthy diet,
weight loss, and regular exercise.

 metformin, drug of choice if taas imo sugar/diabetes

NOTE:
What to do if hypertensive ka:
 regular exercise
 modify lifestyle
 healthy diet
 less salty food
 avoid drinking alcohols
 dont smoke
 no to lechon
 as a pharmacist, it would be better if you know how to manually monitor blood pressure level
 learn how to use glucometer
 why need i-avoid mag take ug diuretics sa gabii? because it may cause sleep distubances and increase
calcium level in your blood which could cause some complications

WASTE MANAGEMENT
October 06, 2021 - Jeanette

Waste Management Systems/Handling Expired and Damaged Products

 one of the biggest benefits hazardous waste management companies can offer pharmacies is their
expertise on expired medication disposal
 because it is so common for various medications to expire in a pharmacy and require proper disposal,
every pharmacy should be fully up to date on the protocol for proper medication disposal (and the
consequence for failing to follow that protocol)

NOTE:
 it is required to separate expired and damaged products in order to avoid dispensing these products
 always check every gondola to see if there are damaged or expired products
 FDA always ask where are your product recalls, expired products, and damaged products

Why your Pharmacy should care about proper expired medication disposal
 all the legal regulations and rules regarding how to dispose of expired medication were put in order to
keep these medications out of our water systems and out of the wrong hands
 for one, proper medication disposal does help limit the amount of expired medicine that can find its way to
people looking to abuse it

Any medication has a shelf life (a period of time where that medication can still be given to patients for
treatment), after that shelf life has passed, it is expired and must be properly disposed of.

Reverse Distribution and your Pharmaceutical Waste

 a reverse distributor will get that medication back to the manufacturer for credit, and you (as the pharmacy)
might or might not receive payment from the reverse distributor for that transaction
 reverse distribution is only an option if that medication is considered reusable, meaning it hasn't been
opened, used, or contaminated

How to Minimize Damaged, Spoiled, and Expired Inventory

 ensure that your refrigeration levels are always correct
 check expiration dates and if they are nearing the end of life. sell them at a discounted price or donate
them to a charity rather than having to throw them out
 ensure your pallets are in good working order and there are no broken or faulty parts
 ensure staff are trained on how to load and wrap the pallets without causing product damage
 check the lighting in your pharmacy - this will help to avoid errors in packing, picking, and product handling
 ensure your pharmacy is clean, uncluttered, and has plenty of space for your forklifts to move around
without bumping into inventory and causing damage
 ensure that your shelves aren't overloaded. know what the shelf capacities are and post this on the
storage unit
 ensure you have the necessary safety equipment. arrange drug products that will prevent boxes from
falling and breaking open while also preventing staff injuries
 ensure your workstations are set to the correct height so that your employees don't have to operate at
angels that cause discomfort - this will avoid product being dropped, crushed, or spilled, if needed, install
hoists or lifts to reduce physical stress further

Disposal Through A Waste Management Company

 they can provide the pharmaceutical waste containers you need to properly segregate your
pharmaceutical waste, and if they are reputable, they will possess the necessary permits and insurance to
then pick up and transport that hazardous waste

"Organizing your stocks end up saving you a lot of headache, hassle, time, and money"

"Inventory loss due to damage and spoilage is inevitable and will happen, but if you monitor your product
damage by collecting and analyzing the data to determine the most frequent cause of damage in your business,
you can put measures in place to reduce this."

NOTE:
 electronic data base - an option you can use in order to lessen inventory loss due to damage and spoilage
 medication take back program
 once it is announced or declared that these specific products have been recalled, it should never ever be
dispensed

Tomorrow topic AMR (antimicrobial resistance)