PROBLEM BASED LEARNING

INTRODUCTION
It is an alternative to traditional classroom learning.in this model,students
engage complex,challenging problems and collaboratively work toward their
resolution. Problem based learning is about students connecting disciplinary
knowledge to real world problems. The motivation to learn rests in the ability
to solve a problem.
DEFINITIONS
Barrows(1986)- states that problem learning can have many different
meanings depending on the design of the educational method employed and
skills of the lecturer.
WHO – IN 1993 and world bank each recommended PBL as an education
strategy that has much to offer as it reflects the environment in which health
care professionals will work and is responsive to service needs.
ACOCORDING TO DJ BOUD(1985)
The principle idea behind problem based learning is that starting point should
be a problem ,a query, or a puzzle that the learner wishes to solve.
AIMS OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
1. Problem solving
2. Self directed learning
3. Small group learning
4. Critical thinking skills
5. Integration of different parts of the curriculum
USES OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
Problem based learning is introduced and continued for many reasons
including
1. Acquiring subject matter knowledge
2. Motivating students to learn
3. Helping students with retention
4. Developing students thinking skills
5. Developing students key skills relevant to employment such as
interpersonal communication skills
 6. Facilitating students how to learn
7. Encouraging students to integrate knowledge from different subject
,disciplines and sources.
8. Linking theory and practices
9. Having a sense of fun while learning
10.Having a sense of belonging and friendship

PRINCIPLE OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING

1. The development of analytical and creative thinking skills
2. The encouragement of cooperative learning
3. The development to self directed learning
4. The integrated application of knowledge and skills within practice
COMMON FEATURES OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
The main features of problem based learning are---
1. Learning is initiated by a problem
2. Problems are based on complex, real world situations
3. All information needed to solve the problem is not given initially
4. Students identify, find and use appropriate resources
5. Learning is active ,integrated ,cumulative and connected
PROCESS OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
1. PRESENTATION OF PROBLEM

2.ORGANIZE IDEAS AND PRIOR KNOWLEDGE

3.POOR QUESTIONS

4.ASSIGN RESPONSIBILITY FOR QUESTIONS ,DISCUSS RESOURCES

 5.RESEARCH QUESTIONS ,SUMMARIZE ,ANALYZE FINDING

6.RECONVENE AND REPORT ON RESEARCH

7.INTEGRATE NEW INFORMATION ,REFINE QUESTIONS

8.RESOLUTION OF PROBLEM
THE PROBLEM BASED LEARNING CYCLE
1. Applying (planning effective use of learning)

5.genrralizing(developing real world principles)

2.experiencing (activity
Phase

3.sharing(exchanging reaction
4.processing and observation)
( discussing patterns and dynamics)
STEPS IN PROBLEM SOLVING
1. Recognizing the problem
2. Defining the problem
3. Collection of relevant data and information
4. Organization conclusion
5. Drawing and testing conclusion
METHODS /APPROACHES TO PROBLEM SOLVING
INDUCTIVE METHOD:---------
The inductive method of development the student is led to discover the truth
about him,it includes—
a. Observation of the given material
b. Discrimination and analysis noting differences and similarities
c. Classification
d. Abstraction and generalization
e. Application or verification

DEDUCTIVE METHOD:----------
In the deductive method rules, generalization and principles are provided and
they are asked to verify them with the help of particular examples
ADVANTAGES OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
1. Relates to real world and motivate students
2. Requires decision making or judgements
3. A multipage and multi stage process
4. Designed for group solving
5. Open ended initial questions that encourage the discussion
6. Incorporates course content ,objective ,higher order thinking and other
skills.
DISADVANTAGES OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
1. It is very difficult and expensive to use as a teaching technique ,when the
class size is large
2. Students require orientation to problem the role of a learner in problem
based learning setting
3. Evaluation is quite difficult and sometime may be subjective
4. Resource expensive
5. Too much time and work required
6. Initial equipment cost can be high
7. Faculty time demands
8. Resource problems
9. Difficulty with student evaluation
10. Room must be suitable for group work
11. Staff -students ratio must be low
ROLE OF TEACHER IN PROBLEM SOLVING
The major roles of teacher in problem solving as a method of teaching are
1. To get the students to define the problem clearly
2. To get them to make suggestions by encouraging them
3. To give the time to evaluate each suggestions carefully
4. To give them time to organize material
5. To set up an atmosphere of freedom in the class

CONCLUSION
• Problem based learning is an active learning approach can be
comparable implemented on public health subjects
• Helps students to combine theory learning and practicing learning in the
real environment for the future job foundation after graduation
• Students can practice other essential skills
• Support labor force for the practicing organizations. customers are
benefit from students’ projects.
• Project based learning application is feasible which can improve the
training quality.
SUMMARY
Lets summarize the todays topic that is problem based learning ,today we
discussed about problem based learning that is basic human learning
process that allowed primitive man to survive in his environment .then
what are the aims of PBL then uses that are acquiring subject matter
knowledge,helping students with retention. Then the principles of PBL ,then
we continued with the common features of PBL that is problem are based
on complex ,real world situations.then we discussed about the cycle of
PBL,then came to the steps that are recognizing the problem,defining the
problem, organizing conclusion,here we discussed about the methods that
are inductive method and deductive method , then the advantages of PBL IS
relates to real world and motivate students, and require the decision
making and judgements.and dis advantages is faculty time demands and
staff student ratio must be low.and the last we discussed about the role of
teacher in problem based learning that is how to define the problem
clearly,how to set up the atmosphere of freedom in class. So do u have any
doubt about this topic , thank u …..
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Suresh k. Sharma and Reena Sharma; ’communication and education
technology’’ ;second edition ;Elsevier publishers;New Delhi, page no265-
270 .
2. D.Elakkuvana bhaskara raj and Nima bhasker ‘’text book of nursing
education ‘’; second edition; EMMESS publication; page -139 -141
3. R Sudha; nursing education principles and concepts; First edition; Jaypee
publishers; page no 94 to 98.
4. KP neeraja; textbook of communication and education technology;third
edition ;jaypee publishers;page no-68 to 72
5. Neelam Kumari; a text book of communication and education
technology;second edition; pv publishers page no 88 to 92

JOURNAL REFERENCES
https://www.scribbr.com>journal -a/1587050773 viewed on 2001

• Burgess ,H ,Taylor ,I (2001)’’ from university teacher to learning

coordinator : faculty roles in problem based learning ‘’ journal of
excellence in college teaching ,special issue on problem based
learning.