Separation Process II (622S)

Full Marks 70
Group A
1. Choose the correct alternative: 1×15

i) To remove all the moisture from a wet solid requires exposure to (a) perfectly dry air (b)
highly humid air (c) air at high temperature.

ii) Detergent solution is dried to a powder in a (a) spray dryer (b) spouted bed dryer (c) tunnel
dryer (d) pan open to atmosphere.

iii) If moisture content of a solid on dry basis is X then the same on wet basis is (a) X/(X+1)
(b) X/(1-X) (c) (1+X)/X (d) (1-X)/X.

iv) Condensation of a vapour gas mixture just begins when – (a) p = P, (b) p>>P, (c) p<P, (d)
p<<P, where p = partial pressure of the vapour, P = vapour pressure of the liquid.

v) Wet bulb and dry bulb temperature become identical at – (a) 100% saturation curve, (b) 50%
saturation curve, (c) 78% saturation curve, (d) none of these.

vi) The value of Lewis number ¿= ( Sc

Pr )
for air-water vapour system is around – (a) 1, (b) 0.24,
(c) 3.97, (d) 600.

vii) Chemical adsorption is – (a) same as ‘Van der Waals’ adsorption, (b) characterised by
adsorption of heat, (c) an irreversible phenomenon, (d) a reversible phenomenon.

viii) Rate of adsorption increases as the – (a) temperature increases, (b) temperature decreases,
(c) pressure decreases, (d) size of absorbent increases.

ix) The falling rate period in the drying of a solid is characterised by – (a) increase in rate of
drying, (b) increasing temperature both on the surface and within the solid, (c) decreasing
temperature,
(d) none of these.

x) In constant rate period of batch drying (a) cracks develop on the surface of the solid (b) rate
of drying decreases abruptly (c) surface evaporation of unbound moisture occurs (d) none of
these.

xi) Adiabatic saturation line and wet bulb temperature line are same for the system (a) air-water
(b) nitrogen-benzene (c) air-benzene (d) nitrogen-toluene.

xii) The difference of wet blub temperature and adiabatic saturation temperature of unsaturated
mixture of any system is (a) positive (b) negative (c) zero (d) none of these.

xiii) Crystalisation is a (a) solid - liquid separation process (b) liquid – liquid separation process
(c) solid – gas separation process (d) liquid – gas separation process.

xiv) Supersaturation is attained when (a) solvent contains more solute (b) solvent contains less
solute (c) solute contains more solvent (d) none of these.

xv) Supersaturated solution is unstable because (a) concentration is higher than equilibrium
concentration (b) concentration is lower than equilibrium concentration (c) concentration is
equal to equilibrium concentration (d) contains impurities.
2. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word/words: 1×15

i) Adsorption of a gas onto a solid is an ____________ process.

ii) Physical adsorption is a __________ phenomenon.
iii) Dew point of a gas-vapor mixture decreases with ___________ in pressure.
iv) In case of humidification operation, the ratio of rates of heat and mass transfer is indicated by
__________ number.
v) Rate of adsorption increases as the pressure ___________.
vi) The steady state temperature attained by a small amount of liquid evaporating into a large
quantity of unsaturated vapor-gas mixture is known as ___________.
vii) Dry bulb temperature of the gas is ___________ wet bulb temperature.
viii) Chemisorption compared to physical adsorption has ___________ adsorption rate.
ix) At a given dry bulb temperature, value of humidity obtained from the psychrometric chart
directly, is ___________ humidity.
x) In drying operation, the moisture that is evaporated is the ___________ moisture.
xi) Crystallisation occurs from solution when the solution is ____________.
xii) The value of heat of crystallisation is same as the heat of ____________ with negative sign.
xiii) A porous material is a better adsorber than a non-porous material because of ___________.
xiv) The mixture of mother liquor and crystals of all sizes which is withdrawn as a product is
called _____.
xv) In crystallisation the birth of a new particle is called _____.

3. Answer the following questions. 1×15

i) Which mass transfer operation is related to the function of air cooler?

ii) Which adsorbent is used to decolourise yellow glycerin?
iii) What is dry bulb temperature?
iv) What is the sphericity of a sphere?
v) Define relative humidity.
vi) Name two important industrial adsorbent.
vii) Define percentage humidity.
viii) What do you mean by free moisture?
ix) Define equilibrium moisture.
x) What is magma?
xi) What is the size range of mesopores?
xii) What is the use of molecular sieves?
xiii) At what stage of batch drying, the solid has critical moisture content?
xiv) How rate of adsorption depends on pressure?
xv) State one use of silica gel.

Group B
4. Answer the following questions: 2×10

i) What is the mass fraction of copper sulphate in penta-hydrated crystals of copper sulphate?
(Atomic weight of Cu is 63.54)
ii) What do you mean by constant drying conditions?
iii) Define adsorption isotherm.
iv) Explain wet bulb temperature.
v) In a mixture of benzene vapour and nitrogen gas at a total pressure of 900mm Hg. If the absolute
humidity of benzene is 0.2 kg benzene/kg nitrogen, what is the partial pressure of benzene in mm
Hg?
vi) 1000 kg of wet solids are to be dried from 60% to 20% moisture (on dry basis). What is the mass
of moisture removed in kg?
vii) What are the essential requirements of a good adsorbent?
 viii) Explain chemisorption.
ix) Define bound and unbound moisture.
x) Define absolute humidity and molal absolute humidity.
Group C
Module I
5. A. Define the terms (any two) – (i) humid heat (ii) humid volume (iii) enthalpy of a gas-vapor
mixture. 2×3
B. A sample of air has a dry bulb temperature 27C and a humidity of 0.015kg/kg dry air. Using
the psychometric chart determine – (i) relative humidity, (ii) dew point, (iii) humid volume,
3984.92
(iv) humid heat. The Antoine equation for water is ¿ P A =11.96− . The total
T −39.72
pressure is 1 atmosphere.
2×3
C. 30,000 m3 of gas (at 289 K, 101.3 KN/m 2, saturated with water vapor) is compressed to 340
KN/m2, cooled to 289 K and condensed water is drained off. Subsequently the pressure is
reduced to 170 KN/m2 and the gas is distributed at the pressure and 289 K. What is the
percentage humidity after this treatment? Vapor pressure of water at 289 K is 1.8 KN/m 2.

Module II
6. A. Derive the equation for calculation of drying time for a wet solid in a batch drying process
under constant drying conditions. 6
B. A filter cake 800 mm square and 6 mm thick is dried from both sides by placing it on a
screen. The velocity of drying air is 3 m/s, its dry bulb temperature is 52˚C and wet bulb
temperature is 21˚C. The wet solid contains 35% moisture by weight and the critical moisture
content is 15%. The density of the wet cake is 1600 kg/m 3. If the heat transfer coefficient is 5
kcal/kg.m2˚C, calculate the time required for the constant rate period of drying. λ i= 540
kcal/kg. 6
C. A 50 kg batch of granular solids containing 25% moisture is to be dried in a tray drier to 12%
moisture by passing a stream of air at 92C tangentially across its surface at a velocity of
1.8m/s. If the constant rate of drying under these conditions is 0.0008 kg moisture/m 2s and
critical moisture content is 10%, calculate the drying time. The surface area available for
drying is 1.0 m2. 6

Module III
7. A. A hot solution containing 5000 kg of Na2CO3 and water with a concentration of 25 wt%
Na2CO3 is cooled to 293 K and crystals of Na 2CO3.10 H2O are precipitated. At 293 K, the
solubility is 21.5 kg anhydrous/100 kg of total water. Calculate the yield of crystals obtained
if 5% of the original water in the system evaporates on cooling. 6

B. At 0C, nitrogen was adsorbed on charcoal at different pressures p. The amount of gas
adsorbed is expressed in c.c. at NTP
P(mm) 3.90 13.0 23.0 34.0 56.5
V(c.c./gm) 0.99 3.00 5.05 7.00 10.4
Plot the data according to Langmuir isotherm and find out the value of constants.

C. i) Differentiate between physical adsorption and chemical adsorption.

ii) Write Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm specifying each term involved. 2+4