9

SCIENCE
LEARNER'S ACTIVITY SHEET
Quarter 2 – Week 8:
PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION OF
COMPOUNDS
Cookery – Grade 9
Learner's Activity Sheet
Quarter 2 – Week 8: Percentage Composition of Compounds

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 LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEET FOR SCIENCE 9
QUARTER 2, WEEK 8

Name: _________________________________ Grade& Section: ________________

School: _____________________________ Teacher: ___________________________
Name and Signature of Parent/Guardian: _______________________________

Competency:
A. Determine the percentage composition of a compound given its
chemical formula and vice versa (S9MT-IIj-20)

Explore

This activity will give you an opportunity to review the past lesson.
Direction:
Remember that there are 6.02 x 1023 particles in one mole of a substance. Using this
information, solve the given problems below.

1. 1 mole of hydrogen ions (H+) consist of how many particles?

2. How many moles of copper are in 6,000,000 atoms of copper?
3. How many grams are present in a sample containing 2.71 x 1024 atoms of iron?
4. How many atoms of carbon and sulfur are needed to make one molecule of carbon
disulfide (CS 2 ¿?
5. How many moles of carbon atoms and sulfur atoms does it take to make one mol
of carbon disulfide (CS2) molecules?

Learn

WHAT IS PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION?

Atomic composition of chemical compounds can be described using a variety of

notations including molecular, empirical, and structural formulas. Another convenient
way to describe atomic composition is to examine the percent composition of a
compound by mass.
The percentage composition of any given compound is nothing but the ratio of
the amount of each element present in the compound to the total amount of
individual elements present in the compound multiplied by 100. The percent
composition of any compound is an expression of its composition in terms of all
the elements present. The significance of this composition calculation is found in
chemical analysis. We can express the percentage composition of a given element using
the formula below:
 gE
%C E = x 100
gT

Here, %C E is the percentage composition of the element E. This is the value that
we are going to calculate. The numerator on the right side ( g E) indicates the total amount
of element E present in the compound. On the other hand, the denominator (g¿¿ T )¿ is
an expression for the total amount of the all the elements present in the compound. We
multiply this ratio by 100 to get the percentage form of the composition.

MASS PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION

We use the concept of mass percentage composition to denote the concentration of

an element in a compound or a component in a mixture. We use this term to signify the
total percent by mass of each element that is present in a compound.
It is important to note that we can calculate the mass percentage composition by
dividing the mass of a component by the total mass of the mixture. This ratio is then to
be multiplied by 100.

IMPORTANCE OF MASS PERCENTAGE

For many scientific and practical reason, we ought to know what quantity of an
element is present in a given compound. This is indispensable for the chemist to get to
the empirical formula of many compounds. This formula helps in showing the lowest
whole number of moles and the relative number of atoms of each element in a
compound. With the help of the empirical formula, chemists can also calculate the
actual molecular. This formula shows the exact number of atoms in a compound.
Percentage composition is used to find the percentage of elements in a compound. One
must know the molar mass of the elements and the compound in order to get percent
composition.

Determining the Mass Percent from a Chemical Formula

Let’s consider Glucose.

The formula for glucose is C 6 H 12 O 6 .
Let’s calculate the mass percent of each of the elements in glucose.
From the formula, we can see the number of moles of each the elements.
 Glucose has 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and also 6 oxygen atoms.
 Let us now multiply each of the atoms by its molar mass.
 Thus, we arrive at the mass of each of the element in glucose.
 We now divide each mass by the mass of 1 mole of glucose to arrive at the mass
fraction of each element.
 Multiplying this value by 100 gives the mass percentage of the elements.

Example 1: “Glucose” (C 6 H 12 O6)

 Each mole of carbon has a mass of 12.01 g/mol of carbon. So, 6 moles of carbon
will have 12.01 g/mol x 6 = 72.06 g of Carbon.
 Similarly, 1 mole of Hydrogen has a mass of 1.008 g/mol of Hydrogen. Therefore,
12 moles of Hydrogen will have the mass of 12 x 1.008 = 12.096 g of Hydrogen.
 For Oxygen, 1 mole of Oxygen has a mass of 16.00 x 6 = 96 g of Oxygen. Thus, 1
mole of Glucose (C 6 H 12 O6 ) has a total mass of 72.06 + 12.096 + 96 = 180.16
g/mol.
 To find out the mass percentage of the three elements of glucose, let us first
calculate the Mass Fraction (Mass Fraction is acquired when mole of individual
 element is divided to the total mole of the compound) of Carbon, Hydrogen, and
Oxygen. Mass Percentage is solved by multiplying mass fraction to 100.

o Mass fraction of Carbon = 72.06 g/180.16 g = 0.4000.

o Therefore, Mass Percentage of Carbon = 0.4000 x 100 = 40.00%
o Mass fraction of Hydrogen = 12.096 g/180.16 g = 0.06714
o Therefore, Mass Percentage of Hydrogen = 0.06714 x 100 = 6.714%
o Mass fraction of Oxygen = 96 g/180.16 g = 0.53286
o Therefore, Mass Percentage of Oxygen = 0.53286 x 100 = 53.286%

It is interesting to note that even if carbon and oxygen have an equal number of
moles of the compound (Glucose), their percentage are different. Oxygen has a higher
value in this as its molar mass is higher than that of carbon.

Ratio Method
Example 2: Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate ( NaHCO 3)
 The formula for sodium hydrogen carbonate is NaHCO 3. The Na:H:C:O mole ratio
is 1:1:1:3. Convert this mole ratio by assuming there is a 1 mole sample present.
Answer = 23g Na, 1.0g H, 12g C, 48g O.
 To determine the percent composition, divide the mass of each element present by
the total mass of the compound and multiply by 100.
 Total mass of 1 mole of NaHCO 3 = 84g
 Answer = 27% Na, 1.2 % H, 14% C, 57% O

Divide the mass

Convert mole
of each element Multiply it by
ratio into 1 mole
by the total mass 100%
sample present
of the compound

Practice Exercises/Activity

 Find the percent composition of each element in water ( H 2O)

Solution:
1. Get the molar mass of H and O. (Remember to use periodic table of elements to
determine the masses of different elements)
O = 16.00 x 1 = 16 g/mole
H = 1.01 x 2 = 2.02 g/mole
Molar mass of O + molar mass of H = 18.02 g/mole
2. Find percentage composition of each element in H 2O.
Ratio of the grams of the element to the total element (H=2.02 and O=16) of the
compound ¿O = 18.02)
For Hydrogen:
% H = 2.02/18.02
= 0.1121 (Mass Fraction)
Note: Mass Fraction x 100 = Percentage Composition of an Element
Therefore, % H = 11.21% (Percentage Composition)
For Oxygen:
% O = 16/18.02
= 0.8879 (Mass Fraction)
Note: Mass Fraction x 100 = Percentage Composition of an Element
Therefore, % O = 88.79% (Percentage Composition)
*Adding all the percentage composition of given elements should give us 100%.
(11.21% + 88.79% = 100 %)
Guide Questions:
1. Why is it that Oxygen (with 1 atom) has the greater percentage composition than
Hydrogen (with 2 atoms)? Answer your own understanding.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

2. How does mass of an element affect the percentage composition? Answer your
own understanding.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

Engage
Activity III.
Direction: Complete the table below by solving the percentage composition of the
given compounds.

Compounds Mass Fraction Percentage Composition

Carbon Dioxide (CO2 ¿ C= C=
O= O=
Butane (C 4 H 10 ¿ C= C=
H= H=
Ammonia ( N H 3 ¿ N= N=
H= H=

Apply

Solve the percentage composition of the following compounds, show your process.
C 3 H 6 O (Acetone) MgO (Magnesium Oxide) C H 4 (Methane)
Solution: Solution: Solution:
 Post Test

Direction: Read and understand the question. Choose the letter of the best answer.
Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the total mass of Glucose in 1 mol?
a. 180.16 g/mol c. 190.16 g/mol
b. 170.16 g/mol d. 150.16 g/mol
2. How may percent do carbon have in the compound Glucose?
a. 30% c. 40%
b. 20% d. 50%
3. Why is the mole concept important?
a. It is useful when converting between grams and atoms or molecules.
b. It gives us a convenient way to express large numbers.
c. It can be applied to any type of particle representative.
d. all of the above
4. 2.50 mole of oxygen gas, O2, has the mass?
a. 6 g c. 40 g
b. 32 g d. 80 g
5. To determine the formula mass of a compound you should
a. add up the atomic masses of all the atoms present.
b. add up the atomic masses of all the atoms present and divide by the number of
atoms present.
c. add up the atomic numbers of all the atoms present.
d. add up the atomic numbers of all the atoms present and divide by the
number of atoms present.
6. Any compound is an expression of its composition in terms of all the elements present
is known as _________.
a. Percentage ratio b. Percentage equivalence
c. Percentage composition d. Percentage relationship
7. The values of percentage composition of compounds can be used to determine
a. Empirical formula b. Mass percentage
c. No. of molecules d. No. of Atoms
8. The percent by mass of Iodine is KI is approximately
a. 77% b. 50%
c. 80% d. 36%
9. What is the percent by mass of Chlorine in SCl4 ?
a. 62% b. 98%
c. 82% d. 25%
10. What is the percent by mass of Rubidium in Rb2 O ?
a. 70% b. 99%
c. 43% d. 91%
Answer Key
Explore
1. 6.20 x 1023 2. 9.96 x 10−18 3. 251.1 grams of Fe 4. 1 atom of C and two atoms
of S 5. 1 mol of C and 2 mol of S

Guide Questions:
1. Percentage composition takes into consideration the atomic masses of
elements in a compound. Oxygen 16x heavier compared to Hydrogen,
therefore has the higher percentage composition.
2. In a 1:1 ratio of elements in a particular compound, the greater the atomic
mass the greater its percentage composition.

Engage
Compound Mass Fraction Percentage Composition
Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ¿ C = 0.27 C = 27%
O = 0.73 O = 73%
Butane (C 4 H 10 ¿ C = 0.83 C = 83%
H = 0.17 H =17%
Ammonia ( N H 3 ¿ N = 0.82 N = 82%
H = 0.18 H = 18%

Apply
C 3 H 6 O (Acetone) MgO (Magnesium Oxide) C H 4 (Methane)
C = 52%, H = 14%, O = Mg = 60%, O = 40% C = 75%, H = 25%
34%

Post Test
1. A. 6. C.
2. C. 7. B.
3. D. 8. A.
4. D. 9. C.
5. A 10. D.