whatExercise # 3 (For Chapter III)

Name:

Course and Section:

Test I. True or False

1. False . Gymnasium was the name of Aristotle’s school in Athens.

2. False . The achievement of success is the end of everyone.

3. False . Happiness is a means to achievement of end goal.

4. True . Virtue is prerequisite of happiness.

5. False . Moral virtues are sufficient for happiness.

6. False . Friendship based on utility is better than that which is based on goodness
according to Aristotle.

7. True . According to Aristotle, pleasure, as such, is always good.

8. False . Pleasure and happiness are the same.

9. True . The contemplative faculty is the exercise of happiness in our good actions.

10. False . Aristotle was a student of Socrates.

Test II. Explanation

1. How do you understand Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics?

Ans:
The Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle is about the ethics of pursuing happiness and
determining , as the ultimate objective of every man. Aristotle talked about how to be
happy and how to do so by practicing virtues. Man considers moral deeds delightful,
which is why he performs them in order to be happy. That happiness depends on living
in accordance with appropriate virtues. And justice is very important and the highest
compare to other virtues. in order to accomplish justice, we must engage in a wide
variety of appropriate action. Moral characteristics alone are insufficient to attain
happiness. And also in order to find the real happiness of a person, he/she must love
herself first.

2. Explain why friendship based on goodness is better than that which is based on utility
and pleasure.
Ans:
Because friendship based on goodness will last long compare to the friendship based
on utility and pleasure. Because a pure friendship without personal gain intention, seeks
goodness and love for each other.
3. How do you understand Aristotle’s principle of Eudaimonia?
Ans:
That the mankind's purpose is eudaimonia, or happiness. So, rather than temporary
stimulation of the senses, man's goal is to acquire eudaimonia, which is a state of
peaceful and enduring contentment. As a result, depending on the ultimate goal, our
behaviours will be good or detrimental.

4. How do you understand Aristotle’s two kinds of Arete?

Ans:
Arete means virtue. So the two kind of virtue are intellectual and moral. The
intellectual virtue are referring to scientific knowledge, technical knowledge, intuitive
reason, understanding and wisdom. Intellectual virtue have a significant impact on the
quality of our beliefs and in doing so make an important contribution to the moral status
of our actions. The moral virtue are thought to include traits such as courage, justice,
honesty, compassion, temperance, and kindness. Moral virtue is essential as it develops
responsible virtues, is held accountable for their actions, and prevents harm.

5. Explain Aristotle’s theory of the Mean.

Ans:
The Doctrine of the Mean is a part of Aristotle's Ethics, and it states that every virtue
is a common way between the vicious extremes of excess and deficiency. As Aristotle
himself points out, this is not a rigorous rule: there is no specific formula by which we
can calculate exactly where this mean sits, owing to the fact that the mean will change
for various persons.
The fact that there is no fixed criteria for determining where the mean lies is a direct
result of his belief that virtue is learnt via habit rather than reason. We might be able to
put forth specific rules for how to behave in various situations if we could reason our
way towards virtue. However, in Aristotle's opinion, a virtuous person is naturally
disposed to do good.