Teaching Aptitude 1

Teaching aptitude
UGC NET JRF
Edulights Knowledge Hub Ph:9447382057

Pedagogy
The method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic

subject or theoretical concept.
What is teaching?
• Teaching is just to train the students in such a way that they can
stand on their foot in the ssociety.
• It is an art of communicating a message with impact on audience.
• Pedagogy is an art or profession of teaching.
Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Role of a teacher
Supporter
leader
motivator
Resource provider
Learning facilitator
The Aim of Teaching
The aims of teaching with respect to its various modes, are as follows
Teaching – To bring changes in the behaviour of students.
Conditioning – To improve the learning skills of students.
Training – Shaping the behaviour and conduct.
Instruction – Acquisition of knowledge.
Indoctrination – Formation of belief.

Objectives of Teaching
Major objectives of teaching are as follows :
To bring desired changes in pupils.
To shape behaviour and conduct.
Acquisition of knowledge
To improve the learning skills of students.
Formation of belief.
To provide a social and efficient member to the society

Different Variables of Teaching
• 1.Dependent Variable; ie, Student
• 2. Independent Variable: ie , Teacher
• 3. Intervening Variables: ie, methods and techniques
of teaching

Basic Requirements of Teaching
All the three variables of teaching

Professionalism
Suitable environment
Teacher-student relationship
Student’s discipline
Teacher’s devotion to teaching, and also on the other hand,
student’s devotion to learning

Factors affecting Teaching
All the three variables, i.e., dependent, independent and

intervening variables
 Teacher-student relationship
 Methods of teaching used;
 Teacher-administration relationship; and
 The social environment.

Levels of Teaching
• Memory level: Thoughtless teaching
• Understanding level: Thoughtful teaching
• Reflective level: Upper thoughtful level

Four Modern Concepts of Teaching
1.Questioning
It is the most important device of teaching. It occurs in two ways:
(a) The teacher should ask questions of all types – introductory,
developing and recapitulatory.
(b) In order that the students should be active participants in the
lesson, they should be trained to ask questions to the teachers

2. Discussion
Discussion clears the doubts of the students and enhances their
ability of expressing opinions. For this purpose the class may be divided
into groups. The teacher will direct discussion in such a way that pupils
will be encouraged to express their opinions freely and independently.
After the discussion, the teacher will classify the main points raised and
sort them out into some order

3. Investigation
Investigation may be individual or group and includes the
presentation of information by the teacher. Investigation will be
followed by expression which may be written, spoken or visual and
concrete.

4. Expression
This is the last step of teaching. It will be in the form of practical
activities under four headings
(a)Passive
(b)Active
(c)Artistic
(d)Organizational Activities

Learning
Henry P. Smith: “Learning is the acquisition of new behaviour or the strengthening

or weakening of old behaviour as the result of experience.”
Learner characteristics can be described as measuring the characteristics of

learners such as behavioural nature, attitudes and psychological towards everything
related to learning.

Learners Characteristics
Personal characteristics
demographic information about the learner such as age, gender,
cultural background, maturation, language, social economic status
and specific needs
Academics characteristics
education type, education level, and knowledge.
social/emotional characteristics.
Cognitive characteristics
 memory, mental pressure, solve problems, intellectual skill,
remembers, organizes and store information in the brain.

Types of Learners - Comparison
ACTIVE LEARNERS REFLECTIVE LEARNERS

• Learn best by doing • Like to process information
• “Let’s try it out and see if it before trying it out
works” • “Let’s think through it first”
• Like group work • Like to work alone
• Lecture classes are challenging • May have trouble getting started
• May have difficulty when they if they think too long before acting
always act before they think • When learning new information,
• Should try to work and study in should stop periodically and try to
groups or with a partner apply it in new ways

Comparison : Types
SENSING LEARNERS INTUTIVE LEARNERS
• Like to learn facts • Prefer to discover new ideas and
• Like to use established methods connections
to solve problems • Like abstract problems
• Are patient with detail work and • Prefer to work quickly
are good at memorizing • Don’t like to memorize or do
• Like hands-on work routine calculations
• Like learning things that have a • Should try to discipline themselves
direct connection to the ‘real to check work to make sure careless
world’ mistakes haven’t been made
• Should ask for specific examples
when task is unclear

Comparison : Types
VISUAL LEARNERS VERBAL LEARNERS
• • Remember what they • • Prefer written or spoken

see—timelines, instructions
demonstrations, • • Should write summaries
flowcharts of tasks in own words
• • Create timelines for • • Should try to work in
projects, papers, tests groups or with a partner
• • Color code tasks whenever possible

Comparison : Types
SEQUENTIAL LEARNERS GLOBAL LEARNERS
• Like to follow steps in learning • Tend to learn in large leaps, without

and in finding solutions necessarily processing all steps
• May know a great deal about • Have many “A-ha!” moments
each step of process, but have a
hard time understanding ‘the • Sometimes have difficulty
big picture’ explaining how they reach
conclusions
• Should try to fill in missed steps • Are not detail-oriented
by asking instructor or supervisor
• Should try to think ahead to end • Should find out as much as possible
product, even if he/she is not about a new project, task, or topic
sure what it might be before tackling assignment

Further Classification
ADOLESCENT LEARNER
ADULT LEARNER

Teaching Methods

Definition
“Teaching methods are stimulation, Guidance,

Direction and Encouragement for Learning”

E-learning
E-learning
In an on-line multimedia learning environment:
 teaching & learning is ‘one-to-one’ (individual)
 more interactivity (in normal classroom, it varies with the class size)
 learner-centred
 Learner monitoring & grading system

LEARNER CENTERED
• In a true learner-centered environment, the learner is the beginning and
end point of the learning process, and the learner’s needs are the focus
of the program.
• Tools are available as the learners needs.
• The instructor adjusts to the student
• The quality of instruction is measured against
• standards
• The student is an active partner in the learning process
• The course is continually renewed through feedback
• from learners

LEARNER MONITORING:
Learners learn to assess their own progress.
Helping learners to identify the progress they have made, to

understand what they have achieved and what they need to do next, to
make progress towards their goals and qualifications.

GRADING SYSTEM
In a grading system learners are placed in ability bands that
represents a range of scores.
It reflects on individual learners performance in the form of certain
level of achievement in relation to the whole group of learners.

E-learning, Web-based learning
• E-learning is mostly associated with activities involving computers
and interactive networks simultaneously. The computer does not
need to be the central element of the activity or provide learning
content. However, the computer and the network must hold a
significant involvement in the learning activity.
• Web-based learning is associated with learning materials delivered in
a Web browser, including when the materials are packaged on CD-
ROM or other media. disk.

Online learning
• Online learning :is associated with content readily accessible on a
computer. The content may be on the Web or the Internet, or simply
installed on a Pen Drive, CD-ROM or the computer hard disk

What is E-learning?
• The letter è’ in e-learning stands for the word èlectronic’.
• E-learning pioneer BERNARD LUSKIN(2001) explains è’ as exciting,
energetic, enthusiastic, emotional, extended and educational.
• E-learning is internet-enabled learning.
• It is a store house of education, information, communication,
training, knowledge and performance management.

Benefits

Delivery methods of e-learning
• Synchronous learning
• Asynchronous learning
• Instructor-led group
• Self-study with subject expert
• Web-based: blog-Wikis-forums
• Computer-based (Pen Drive/ CD-ROM)
• Video/audio streaming

Synchronous learning
• Within synchronous learning; learning and teaching takes place in real time
(same time) while the trainer and learners are physically separated from each
other (place shift).
• Examples include:
 listening to a live radio broadcast
 watching live a television broadcast
 audio/video conferencing
 Internet telephony
 online lectures
 two-way live satellite broadcast

Asynchronous learning
• Characteristic for asynchronous learning is the fact that that the trainer prepares
the courseware material before the course takes place. The learner is free to
decide when he wants to study the courseware
• Examples include:
 Self paced courses taken via internet or cd-rom
 Videotaped classes
 Stored audio/video web presentations or seminars
 Recorded audio tapes
 Q & A mentoring
 reading e-mail messages

INITIATIVES IN INDIA

SWAYAM
• SWAYAM is an online platform of the Ministry of HRD through which
online programmes/courses will be offered to students in India.
• SWAYAM platform server will be based in India and US universities

will be invited to offer post-graduate academic programs with
certification on the SWAYAM platform
• Each American University will share courses created by its top

educators. The cooperation programme will be integrated to
strengthen the National Mission on Education through the use of ICT
(NMEICT) in India.

SWAYAM PRABHA
• The SWAYAM PRABHA is a group of 32 DTH channels devoted to telecasting of high-quality educational
programmes on 24X7 basis using the GSAT-15 satellite. Every day, there will be new content for at least (4)
hours which would be repeated 5 more times in a day, allowing the students to choose the time of their
convenience.
The DTH Channels shall cover the following:
a).Higher Education: Curriculum-based course contents at post-graduate and under-graduate level covering
diverse disciplines su ch as arts, science, commerce, performing arts, social sciences and humanities,
engineering, technology, law, medicine, agriculture, etc. All courses would be certification-ready in their
detailed offering through SWAYAM, the platform being developed for offering MOOCs courses.
b).School education (9-12 levels): modules for teacher's training as well as teaching and learning aids for
children of India to help them understand the subjects better and also help them in preparing for
competitive examinations for admissions to professional degree programmes.
c).Curriculum-based courses that can meet the needs of life-long learners of Indian citizens in India and
abroad.
d).Assist students (class 11th & 12th) prepare for competitive exams.

MOOC
• A massive open online course is an online course aimed at
unlimited participation and open access via the web.
• In addition to traditional course materials, such as filmed lectures,
readings, and problem sets, many MOOCs provide interactive
courses with user forums to support community interactions
among students, professors, and teaching assistants (TAs), as well
as immediate feedback to quick quizzes and assignments.
• MOOCs are a recent and widely researched development
in distance education, first introduced in 2006 and emerged as a
popular mode of learning in 2012

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Teaching aptitude

UGC NET JRF

Edulights Knowledge Hub Ph:9447382057

The method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic

• It is an art of communicating a message with impact on audience.

• Pedagogy is an art or profession of teaching.

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

All the three variables of teaching

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

All the three variables, i.e., dependent, independent and

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Henry P. Smith: “Learning is the acquisition of new behaviour or the strengthening

Learner characteristics can be described as measuring the characteristics of

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

ACTIVE LEARNERS REFLECTIVE LEARNERS

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

VISUAL LEARNERS VERBAL LEARNERS

• • Remember what they • • Prefer written or spoken

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

SEQUENTIAL LEARNERS GLOBAL LEARNERS

• Like to follow steps in learning • Tend to learn in large leaps, without

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

“Teaching methods are stimulation, Guidance,

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Helping learners to identify the progress they have made, to

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

• SWAYAM platform server will be based in India and US universities

• Each American University will share courses created by its top

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

Professors Study Circle Ph:9447382057

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