2.

Materials
Introduction

IIT Kharagpur, Autumn 2022

Introduction

Your basic building blocks:

Soil
Unbound Granular Material
Hydraulically Bound Material (HBM)
Asphalt
Pavement Materials
Soil, flyash, aggregate, cement,
bitumen, different types of modified
binders, emulsions, cement concrete,
bituminous mix, RCC, recycled
materials, different waste materials,
other innovative materials, geotextiles,
geomembranes
Function of Materials ?
Pavements built with pavement materials must
• PERFORM satisfactorily
▪ User comfort
▪ User Safety
▪ Economy
▪ Structural adequacy during a specified period
• Constructability
• Durability over a specified period
• Maintainability over a specified period
• Recyclability
For this the materials must have
• Adequate strength
• Mechanical properties
• Durability
• Drainage characteristics
• Workability
Materials are subjected to
• Varying traffic loads
▪ Light to heavy
▪ Fast to slow
▪ Varying traffic volumes
• Varying climatic conditions
▪ Varying temperatures (Hourly variation, daily
variation, seasonal variations)
▪ Lowest temperatures, highest temperatures
▪ Variation of moisture (highest to lowest, continuous
variation)
▪ Heat
▪ Humidity
• Chemical Action
Performance of Materials
• Pavement’s (pavement materials’) performance
deteriorates when pavements deteriorate.
• Pavements fail when some or all of the materials
fail.
• Pavement performance/failure is explained in
terms of the performance/failure of materials.
What we study?
What we study?
• Conditions to which the materials will be subjected
to at different stages (at source, transportation,
storage, construction , during service period and
recycling and reuse).
• Failure mode(s) for each type of material
• Threshold values of failure conditions.
• Fundamental properties (chemical and
mechanical) of the materials and their correlation
to material and pavement performance.
What we study?
• Different laboratory Test Methods for Evaluation of
different material properties
• Relationship between the test parameters
identified by different agencies and material
performance
• Rationality of the test parameters
What we study?
• Laboratory simulation of field conditions and
development of laboratory performance models
• Calibration of Laboratory to Field Performance
• Selection/Design of Optimal materials
• We may also study some properties of materials to
(a) classify/grade (b) for quality check (c) to obtain
necessary inputs for design of new structure
(pavement) (d) to obtain inputs about the condition
of the materials in an existing pavement
Learning Objective (Materials)

• We would like to explain the performance

(cracking and permanent deformation) of
the pavements on the basis of our
understanding of the materials used.
• We would also like to be able to predict
the variation of performance of different
types of pavements with time.