HW 6 Aquatic Chemistry

Homework Problem 2 Part B
input cells are green (adjustable)

computed cells are red (not adjustable)
Chemical Concentrations (F) Concentrations (M) acid family

H2CO3 1.00E-02 0.010000 H2CO3
∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1

𝑘2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 )
pH [H+] α0Ct α1Ct

4.176 6.6611E-05 9.93E-01 6.66E-03
LHS= 0.000066611
α1*Ct + +2* α2*CT + kw/(H) RHS= 0.000066612
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= -1.790661718E-06

NaHCO3 1.00E-02 0.010000 H2CO3
∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1

𝑘2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 )
pH [H+] α0Ct α1Ct

8.335 4.6209E-09 1.01E-02 9.80E-01
LHS= 0.000101378
pbE: [H+]+[H2CO3*]={OH-]+[CO3^-2] α1*Ct + +2* α2*CT + kw/(H) RHS= 0.000101378
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= -3.095708508E-07

Na2CO3 1.00E-02 0.010000 H2CO3
∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1

𝑘2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 )
pH [H+] α0Ct α1Ct
9.158 6.9442E-10 1.45E-03 9.36E-01
pbE: [H+]+[HCO3-] + 2[ H2CO3]={OH- [H+] + α1*Ct + +2* α0*CT LHS= 0.000014545
pbE: [H+]+[HCO3-] + 2[ H2CO3]={OH-[OH-] RHS= 0.000014545
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= -3.661456708E-08
pK1 pK2 pK3 K1 K2 K3
6.35 10.33 4.466836E-07 4.677351E-11
Kw pKw
1.01E-14 H2O 13.995678626
α2CT kw/(H)
4.68E-09 1.52E-10
"Type equation here."

6.35 10.33 4.466836E-07 4.677351E-11
Kw pKw
1.01E-14 H2O 13.995678626
α2CT kw/(H)
9.92E-03 2.19E-06

6.35 10.33 4.466836E-07 4.677351E-11
Kw pKw
1.01E-14 H2O 13.995678626
α2CT kw/(H)
6.30E-02 1.45E-05


H2CO3 1.00E-03 0.001000 H2CO3
∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1

𝑘2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 )
pH [H+] α0Ct α1Ct

4.680 2.0913E-05 9.79E-01 2.09E-02
LHS= 0.000020913
α1*Ct + +2* α2*CT + kw/(H) RHS= 0.000020913
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= 1.8121610034E-08

NaHCO3 1.00E-03 0.001000 H2CO3
∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1

𝑘2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 )
pH [H+] α0Ct α1Ct

8.297 5.0483E-09 1.11E-02 9.80E-01
LHS= 0.000011079
pbE: [H+]+[H2CO3*]={OH-]+[CO3^-2] α1*Ct + +2* α2*CT + kw/(H) RHS= 0.000011079
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= -1.363438442E-11

Na2CO3 1.00E-03 0.001000 H2CO3
∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1

𝑘2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 )
pH [H+] α0Ct α1Ct
8.667 2.1516E-09 4.69E-03 9.74E-01
pbE: [H+]+[HCO3-] + 2[ H2CO3]={OH- [H+] + α1*Ct + +2* α0*CT LHS= 0.000004694
pbE: [H+]+[HCO3-] + 2[ H2CO3]={OH-[OH-] RHS= 0.000004694
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= 3.5990134314E-11
6.35 10.33 4.466836E-07 4.677351E-11
Kw pKw
1.01E-14 H2O 13.995678626
α2CT kw/(H)
4.68E-08 4.83E-10

6.35 10.33 4.466836E-07 4.677351E-11
Kw pKw
1.01E-14 H2O 13.995678626
α2CT kw/(H)
9.08E-03 2.00E-06

6.35 10.33 4.466836E-07 4.677351E-11
Kw pKw
1.01E-14 H2O 13.995678626
α2CT kw/(H)
2.12E-02 4.69E-06

Chemical Concentrations (F) Concentrations (M)

H2CO3 1.00E-02 0.010000
NAHCO3 1.00E-02 0.010000
NA2CO3 1.00E-02 0.010000
H2CO3 1.00E-03 0.001000
NAHCO3 1.00E-03 0.001000
NA2CO3 1.00E-03 0.001000
[NA+] 8.25E-03 0.008250
∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1

𝑘2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 )
pH [H+] α0Ct
6.178 6.6385E-07 5.98E-01
ENE Mixture LHS=
[H+] [ NA+] = [OH-]+ [HCO3-]+2[ CO3^-2]= α1*Ct + +2* α2*CT + kw/(H) RHS=
1e3*(LHS-RHS)=
Alkalinity = [ HCO3-] + 2[CO3-2] +[OH-] -[H+]

AVERAGE CT acid family pK1 pK2 pK3 K1
CT 0.009100 H2CO3 6.35 10.33 4.467E-07
NA 0.00366
Kw pKw
1.01E-14 H2O 13.995678626
α1Ct α2CT kw/(H)

4.02E-01 2.83E-05 1.52E-08
0.003660664
0.003660662
2.0087756398E-06
3.66E-03
K2 K3
4.677351E-11

Chemical Concentrations (F Concentrations (M) acid family pK1

[H2CO3*] α0 * Ct 0.000000 Na2CO3 6.35
Find
∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1

𝑘2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 ) Knowing [H2CO3*] = α0 * Ct
pH [H+] α0Ct α1Ct α2CT

2.000 1.0000E-02 1.00E+00
alk 0
LHS= 0.000000000
RHS= -0.000000001
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= 7.4696663416E-07
((K1* Kh *Alk
PCo2)
= /[H+])+((2*k1*k2*pCO2)/[H+]^2) + [OH-] -[H+]
kh= 0.033884415614
Pco2= 0.0000626
alk 0
pH [H+] LHS= 0.000000000
8.879 1.3221E-09 RHS= 0.000775000
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= -0.7749999662579
alpha 0= 2.8505E-03
pK2 pK3 K1 K2 K3
10.33 4.466836E-07 4.677351E-11
Kw pKw
1.01E-14 H2O 13.995678626
kw/(H)
1.01E-12


Na2CO3 7.47E-04 0.000747 Na2CO3 6.35
∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1

𝑘2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 )

8.840 1.4452E-09 3.12E-03 9.66E-01 3.13E-02
alk 0.000775
LHS= 0.000775000
RHS= 0.000775000
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= 1.4871966636E-07
Alk = ((K1* Kh * PCo2) /[H+])+((2*k1*k2*pCO2)/[H+]^2) + [OH-] -[H+]

kh= 0.033884415614
Pco2= 0.0000626
alk 0.000775
pH [H+] LHS= 0.000775000
8.879 1.3221E-09 RHS= 0.000775000
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= 3.3742126172E-08
alpha 0= 2.8505E-03
pK2 pK3 K1 K2 K3
10.33 4.466836E-07 4.677351E-11
Kw pKw
1.01E-14 H2O 13.995678626
kw/(H)
6.99E-06


Na2CO3 1.00E-03 0.001175 Na2CO3 6.35
0.001 Problem 3 part a

-18.810 6.4565E+18 1.00E+00 6.92E-26 5.01E-55
alk -6.46E+18 1.19*10^-3
LHS= ###
[HCO3-]+2[CO3-2]+[OH-]-[H+] RHS= ###
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= 0
pK2 pK3 K1 K2 K3
10.33 4.466836E-07 4.677351E-11
Kw pKw
1.01E-14 H2O 13.995678626
kw/(H)
1.56E-33


Na2CO3 1.00E+00 0.001175 Na2CO3 6.46
Problem 3 part a
Log Kh Kh = 10^-1.27 Log kw

Alpha for close system -1.27 0.05370 -14.53
∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1
𝑘2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 )

8.730 1.8608E-09 5.25E-03 9.78E-01 1.70E-02
A𝑙𝑘 = (𝑘1 ∗𝐾ℎ∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/([𝐻+]) +(2 𝑘1∗𝑘2∗𝑘ℎ

∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 + [OH-] -[H+]
alk 0 1.19*10^-3
LHS= 0.000000000
[HCO3-]+2[CO3-2]+[OH-]-[H+] RHS= 0.001190000
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= -1.1900000055799
pK2 pK3 K1 K2 K3
10.49 3.467369E-07 3.235937E-11
Kw = 10^-14.53
2.95E-15
kw/(H) PCO2
1.59E-06 1.15E-04
Homework Problem 3 Part C


Na2CO3 1.00E+00 10^-3 1.000E-03 Na2CO3
Problem 3 part a
1.00E-03

Alpha for close system -1.47 3.38844E-02 -14
∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1
𝑘2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 )

8.30 5.0438E-09 1.11E-02 9.80E-01 9.09E-03
A𝑙𝑘 = (𝑘1 ∗𝐾ℎ∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/([𝐻+]) +(2 𝑘1∗𝑘2∗𝑘ℎ

∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 + [OH-] -[H+]
alk 0 1.19*10^-3
〖 [𝐻𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^−] = (𝐾1∗𝐾𝐻 LHS= 0.000E+00
∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/([𝐻+])
[HCO3-] #VALUE! 9.798E-04
〖 [2𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^(−2)] =
(2∗𝐾1∗𝐾2∗𝐾𝐻∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/ 〖 [𝐻 2[CO3-2] #VALUE!
+] 〗 ^2
[HCO3-]+2[CO3-2]+[OH-]-[H+] RHS= #VALUE!
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= #VALUE!
Result
6.35 10.33 4.466836E-07 4.677E-11
Kw = 10^-14.53
1.00E-14
kw/(H) PCO2
1.98E-06 A
0.0011662


Na2CO3 1.00E+00 1.175E-03 Na2CO3 6.35
Problem 3 part a
1.00E-03

∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1
𝑘2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 )

3.0 1.0000E-03 1.00E+00 4.46E-04 2.09E-11
A𝑙𝑘 = (𝑘1 ∗𝐾ℎ∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/([𝐻+]) +(2 𝑘1∗𝑘2∗𝑘ℎ

∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 + [OH-] -[H+]
alk 0 1.19*10^-3
〖 [𝐻𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^− = (𝐾1∗𝐾𝐻 LHS= 0.000E+00
∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/([𝐻+])
[HCO3-] 6.026E-09 5.244E-07
〖 [2𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^(−2) =
(2∗𝐾1∗𝐾2∗𝐾𝐻∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/ 〖 [𝐻 2[CO3-2] 5.637E-16
+] 〗 ^2
[HCO3-]+2[CO3-2]+[OH-]-[H+] RHS= -1.000E-03
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= 0.9999939644036
pK2 pK3 K1 K2 K3
10.33 4.466836E-07 4.677351E-11
Kw = 10^-14.53
1.00E-14
kw/(H) PCO2 fixed

1.00E-11 3.98E-04
0.0011662


Na2CO3 1.00E+00 1.000E-03 Na2CO3 6.35
na+ 1.000E-03
Problem 3 part a
1.00E-03

∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1
𝑘2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 )

5.5 3.3624E-06 8.83E-01 1.17E-01 1.63E-06
A𝑙𝑘 = (𝑘1 ∗𝐾ℎ∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/([𝐻+]) +(2 𝑘1∗𝑘2∗𝑘ℎ

∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 + [OH-] -[H+]
alk -1.57E-06 eq/l
〖 [𝐻𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^− = (𝐾1∗𝐾𝐻 LHS= -1.567E-06
∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/([𝐻+])
[HCO3-] 1.792E-06 1.173E-04
〖 [2𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^(−2) =
(2∗𝐾1∗𝐾2∗𝐾𝐻∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/ 〖 [𝐻 2[CO3-2] 4.986E-11
+] 〗 ^2
[HCO3-]+2[CO3-2]+[OH-]-[H+] RHS= -1.567E-06
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= 0.00E+00
Find CT
RHS 9.98E-04
solver -1.00E+00
pK2 pK3 K1 K2 K3
10.33 4.466836E-07 4.677351E-11
Kw = 10^-14.53
1.00E-14
PCO2 fixed
kw/(H) =10^-3.4
2.97E-09 3.98E-04
0.0011662


Na2CO3 1.00E+00 -1.069E+01 Na2CO3 6.35
Problem 3 part a
1.00E-03

∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1
𝑘2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 )

7.5 3.1623E-08 6.60E-02 9.33E-01 1.38E-03
A𝑙𝑘 = (𝑘1 ∗𝐾ℎ∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/([𝐻+]) +(2 𝑘1∗𝑘2∗𝑘ℎ

∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 + [OH-] -[H+]
alk 1.91E-04 eq/l
〖 [𝐻𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^− = (𝐾1∗𝐾𝐻 LHS= 1.914E-04
∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/([𝐻+])
[HCO3-] 1.905E-04 -9.970E+00
〖 [2𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^(−2) =
(2∗𝐾1∗𝐾2∗𝐾𝐻∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/ 〖 [𝐻 2[CO3-2] 5.637E-07
+] 〗 ^2
[HCO3-]+2[CO3-2]+[OH-]-[H+] RHS= 1.914E-04
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= 0.00E+00
Find CT
RHS 1.81E-04
solver -1.00E-02
pK2 pK3 K1 K2 K3
10.33 4.466836E-07 4.677351E-11
Kw = 10^-14.53
1.00E-14
PCO2 fixed
kw/(H) =10^-3.4
3.16E-07 3.98E-04
0.0011662


Na2CO3 1.00E+00 -1.058E+01 Na2CO3 6.35
Problem 3 part a
1.00E-03

∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1
𝑘2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 )

7.5 3.2363E-08 6.75E-02 9.31E-01 1.35E-03
A𝑙𝑘 = (𝑘1 ∗𝐾ℎ∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/([𝐻+]) +(2 𝑘1∗𝑘2∗𝑘ℎ

∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 + [OH-] -[H+]
alk 1.87E-04 eq/l
〖 [𝐻𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^− = (𝐾1∗𝐾𝐻 LHS= 1.870E-04
∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/([𝐻+])
[HCO3-] 1.862E-04 -9.852E+00
〖 [2𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^(−2) =
(2∗𝐾1∗𝐾2∗𝐾𝐻∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/ 〖 [𝐻 2[CO3-2] 5.382E-07
+] 〗 ^2
[HCO3-]+2[CO3-2]+[OH-]-[H+] RHS= 1.870E-04
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= 7.26E-10
Find CT
RHS -3.33E-01
solver -3.33E+02
pK2 pK3 K1 K2 K3
10.33 4.466836E-07 4.677351E-11
Kw = 10^-14.53
1.00E-14
PCO2 fixed
kw/(H) =10^-3.4
3.09E-07 3.98E-04
0.0011662


Na2CO3 1.00E+00 0.000E+00 Na2CO3 6.35
Problem 3 part a
1.00E-03

∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1
𝑘2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 )

4.49 3.2614E-05 9.86E-01 1.35E-02 1.94E-08
A𝑙𝑘 = (𝑘1 ∗𝐾ℎ∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/([𝐻+]) +(2 𝑘1∗𝑘2∗𝑘ℎ

∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 + [OH-] -[H+]
alk 9.00E-04 eq/l
〖 [𝐻𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^− = (𝐾1∗𝐾𝐻 LHS= 9.000E-04
∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/([𝐻+])
[HCO3-] 9.282E-04 0.000E+00
〖 [2𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^(−2) =
(2∗𝐾1∗𝐾2∗𝐾𝐻∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/ 〖 [𝐻 2[CO3-2] 2.662E-09
+] 〗 ^2
[HCO3-]+2[CO3-2]+[OH-]-[H+] RHS= 8.955E-04
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= 4.46E-03
pK2 pK3 K1 K2 K3
10.33 4.466836E-07 4.677351E-11
Kw = 10^-14.53
1.00E-14
PCO2 fixed
kw/(H) =10^-3.4
3.07E-10 2.00E+00
0.0011662


Na2CO3 1.00E+00 Na2CO3 6.42
Problem 3 part a
Log Kh Kh = 10^-1.27 Log kw Kw = 10^-14.53

-1.32 0.04786 -14.35 4.47E-15

7.950 1.1226E-08 2.86E-02 9.68E-01 3.20E-03
alk 6.500E-04
LHS= 0.000650000
〖 [𝐻𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^−] = [HCO3-] 6.453E-04

(𝐾1∗𝐾𝐻 ∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/([𝐻+])
〖 [2𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^(−2)] =
2[CO3-2] 4.272E-06
(2∗𝐾1∗𝐾2∗𝐾𝐻∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/ 〖 [𝐻
[HCO3-]+2[CO3-2]+[OH-]-[H+] RHS= 0.000650000
+] 〗 ^2 1e3*(LHS-RHS)= 1.4223356661E-07
Find CT = (KH *PCO2)/α0 = 6.665E-04

pK2 pK3 K1 K2 K3
10.43 3.801894E-07 3.715352E-11
PCO2= 10^-
[OH-]= kw/[H+] 3.4
3.98E-07 3.98E-04


Na2CO3 1.00E+00 Na2CO3 6.42
Problem 3 part a
Log Kh Kh = 10^-1.32 Log kw Kw = 10^-14.53

-1.32 0.04786 -14.35 4.47E-15

7.950 1.1226E-08 2.86E-02 9.68E-01 3.20E-03
alk 6.500E-04
LHS= 0.000650000
〖 [𝐻𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^−] = [HCO3-] 6.453E-04

(𝐾1∗𝐾𝐻 ∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/([𝐻+])
〖 [2𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^(−2)] =
2[CO3-2] 4.272E-06
(2∗𝐾1∗𝐾2∗𝐾𝐻∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/ 〖 [𝐻
[HCO3-]+2[CO3-2]+[OH-]-[H+] RHS= 0.000650000
+] 〗 ^2 1e3*(LHS-RHS)= -9.201728279E-08
Find CT = (KH *PCO2)/α0 = 6.665E-04
β̞ = 2.303 *( α0 * α1 * Ct + α1* α2* ct + 4 α0 * α2*CT + [ H+] +[OH-] 4.88E-05

pK2 pK3 K1 K2 K3
10.43 3.801894E-07 3.715352E-11
PCO2= 10^-
[OH-]= kw/[H+] 3.4
3.98E-07 3.98E-04


Na2CO3 1.00E+00 Na2CO3 6.42
Problem 3 part a
Log Kh Kh = 10^-1.32 Log kw Kw = 10^-14.53

-1.32 0.04786 -14.35 4.47E-15

7.850 1.4125E-08 3.57E-02 9.62E-01 2.53E-03
Don't change alk 6.500E-04
LHS= 0.000650000
〖 [𝐻𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^−] = [HCO3-] 5.129E-04

(𝐾1∗𝐾𝐻 ∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/([𝐻+])
〖 [2𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^(−2)] =
2[CO3-2] 2.698E-06
(2∗𝐾1∗𝐾2∗𝐾𝐻∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/ 〖 [𝐻
+] 〗 ^2
RHS= 0.000515861
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= 0.1341385878529
𝛽 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 = 2.303*( [HCO3-]+4[CO3-2]+[OH-]+[H+])
𝛽 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 ̞ = 2.303 *( (𝐾1 ∗𝑘𝐻 ∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/([ 𝐻+]) + (4𝑘1∗𝑘2∗𝐾𝐻 ∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/([𝐻+]^2)+[𝑂𝐻-])+ [ 𝐻+]
𝛽. Open system= 1.19E-03

pK2 pK3 K1 K2 K3
10.43 3.801894E-07 3.715352E-11
PCO2= 10^-
[OH-]= kw/[H+] 3.4
3.16E-07 3.98E-04


Na2CO3 1.00E+00 Na2CO3 6.42
Problem 3 part a
Log Kh Kh = 10^-1.32 Log kw Kw = 10^-14.53

-1.32 0.04786 -14.35 4.47E-15

7.850 1.4125E-08 3.57E-02 9.62E-01 2.53E-03
alk 3.631E+04
LHS= 36307.805480010
〖 [𝐻𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^−] = [HCO3-] 5.129E-04

(𝐾1∗𝐾𝐻 ∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/([𝐻+])
〖 [2𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^(−2)] =
2[CO3-2] 2.698E-06
(2∗𝐾1∗𝐾2∗𝐾𝐻∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/ 〖 [𝐻
+] 〗 ^2
RHS= 0.000515861
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= 36307804.964149
𝛽 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 = 2.303*( [HCO3-]+4[CO3-2]+[OH-]+[H+])
𝛽 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 ̞ = 2.303 *( (𝐾1 ∗𝑘𝐻 ∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/([ 𝐻+]) + (4𝑘1∗𝑘2∗𝐾𝐻 ∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/([𝐻+]^2)+[𝑂𝐻-])+ [ 𝐻+]
𝛽. Open system= 1.81E+01

pK2 pK3 K1 K2 K3
10.43 3.801894E-07 3.715352E-11
PCO2= 10^-
[OH-]= kw/[H+] 3.4
3.16E-07 3.98E-04


Pure wate 1.00E+00 10^-3 1.000E-03 CO3^-2
data
Find
Alpha for open system too
∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1
𝑘2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 )

3.76 1.7399E-04 9.97E-01 2.56E-03 6.88E-10
A𝑙𝑘 = (𝑘1 ∗𝐾ℎ∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/([𝐻+]) +(2 𝑘1∗𝑘2∗𝑘ℎ

∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 + [OH-] -[H+]
alk 0
〖 [𝐻𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^−] = (𝐾1∗𝐾𝐻 LHS= 0.000E+00
∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/([𝐻+])
[HCO3-] 1.740E-04
〖 [2𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^(−2)] =
(2∗𝐾1∗𝐾2∗𝐾𝐻∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/ 〖 [𝐻 2[CO3-2] 9.355E-11
+] 〗 ^2
[HCO3-]+2[CO3-2]+[OH-]-[H+] RHS= -7.568E-16
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= 7.568E-13
CT = Kh * Pco2/ α0 6.79E-02
Result
6.35 10.33 4.47E-07 4.677351E-11
Log Kh Kh = 10^-1.47 Log kw Kw = 10^-14

-1.47 3.39E-02 -14 1.0E-14
kw/(H) PCO2
5.75E-11 2.00E+00


Pure wate 1.00E+00 10^-3 1.000E-03 CO3^-2
data
Find
Change from original exercise Alpha for open system too
∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1
𝑘2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 )

3.76 1.7407E-04 9.97E-01 2.56E-03 6.88E-10
A𝑙𝑘 = (𝑘1 ∗𝐾ℎ∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/([𝐻+]) +(2 𝑘1∗𝑘2∗𝑘ℎ

∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 + [OH-] -[H+]
alk 0
〖 [𝐻𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^−] = (𝐾1∗𝐾𝐻 LHS= 0.000E+00
∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/([𝐻+])
[HCO3-] 8.695E-05
〖 [2𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^(−2)] =
(2∗𝐾1∗𝐾2∗𝐾𝐻∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/ 〖 [𝐻 2[CO3-2] 4.673E-11
+] 〗 ^2
[HCO3-]+2[CO3-2]+[OH-]-[H+] RHS= -8.712E-05
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= 8.712E-02
CT = Kh * Pco2/ α0 3.40E-02
Result
6.35 10.33 4.47E-07 4.677E-11
Log Kh Kh = 10^-1.47 Log kw Kw = 10^-14.53

-1.47 3.39E-02 -14 1.0E-14
kw/(H) PCO2
5.74E-11 1.00E+00


Pure wate 1.00E+00 10^-3 1.000E-03 CO3^-2
n moles= 1.00E-03
Vw= 1
data R = atm *l / (mol*K) 0.082
Find T 298

∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1
𝑘2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 )

10.63 2.3552E-11 1.77E-05 3.35E-01 6.65E-01
A𝑙𝑘 = (𝑘1 ∗𝐾ℎ∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/([𝐻+]) +(2 𝑘1∗𝑘2∗𝑘ℎ

∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 + [OH-] -[H+]
alk 1.00E-03
〖 [𝐻𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^−] = (𝐾1∗𝐾𝐻 LHS= 1.00E-03
∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/([𝐻+])
[HCO3-] 1.157E-04
〖 [2𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^(−2)] =
(2∗𝐾1∗𝐾2∗𝐾𝐻∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/ 〖 [𝐻 2[CO3-2] 4.597E-04
+] 〗 ^2
[HCO3-]+2[CO3-2]+[OH-]-[H+] RHS= 1.000E-03
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= -4.539E-07
CT= Kh*Pco2/ α0 3.45571E-04
Result
6.35 10.33 4.466836E-07 4.677E-11
Log Kh Kh = 10^-1.47 Log kw Kw = 10^-14.53

-1.47 3.38844E-02 -14 1.00E-14
kw/(H) PCO2
4.25E-04 1.80E-07


Pure wate 1.00E+00 10^-3 2.000E-03 CO3^-2
n moles= C * V 2.00E-03
Vw= 1
data R = atm *l / (mol*K) 0.082
Find T 298

∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1
𝑘2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 )

10.47 3.4161E-11 3.23E-05 4.22E-01 5.78E-01
A𝑙𝑘 = (𝑘1 ∗𝐾ℎ∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/([𝐻+]) +(2 𝑘1∗𝑘2∗𝑘ℎ

∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/ 〖 [𝐻+] 〗 ^2 + [OH-] -[H+]
alk 1.00E-03
〖 [𝐻𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^−] = (𝐾1∗𝐾𝐻 LHS= 1.00E-03
∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/([𝐻+])
[HCO3-] 8.861E+02
〖 [2𝐶𝑂 〗 _3^(−2)] =
(2∗𝐾1∗𝐾2∗𝐾𝐻∗𝑃𝐶𝑂2)/ 〖 [𝐻 2[CO3-2] 2.427E+03
+] 〗 ^2
[HCO3-]+2[CO3-2]+[OH-]-[H+] RHS= 3.313E+03
1e3*(LHS-RHS)= -3.313E+06
CT= Kh*Pco2/ α0 2.09952E+03
Result
6.35 10.33 4.466836E-07 4.677E-11
Log Kh Kh = 10^-1.47 Log kw Kw = 10^-14.53

-1.47 3.38844E-02 -14 1.00E-14
PCO2 = "n CO2"

/(𝑉𝑤 /)
[OH-]=kw/(H) PCO2 atm

2.93E-04 2.00E+00

HW 6 Aquatic Chemistry

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Homework Problem 2 Part B

input cells are green (adjustable)

Chemical Concentrations (F) Concentrations (M) acid family

∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1

pH [H+] α0Ct α1Ct

Chemical Concentrations (F) Concentrations (M) acid family

∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1

pH [H+] α0Ct α1Ct

Chemical Concentrations (F) Concentrations (M) acid family

∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1

pK1 pK2 pK3 K1 K2 K3

pK1 pK2 pK3 K1 K2 K3

input cells are green (adjustable)

Chemical Concentrations (F) Concentrations (M) acid family

∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1

pH [H+] α0Ct α1Ct

Chemical Concentrations (F) Concentrations (M) acid family

∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1

pH [H+] α0Ct α1Ct

Chemical Concentrations (F) Concentrations (M) acid family

∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1

pK1 pK2 pK3 K1 K2 K3

pK1 pK2 pK3 K1 K2 K3

input cells are green (adjustable)

Chemical Concentrations (F) Concentrations (M)

∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1

Alkalinity = [ HCO3-] + 2[CO3-2] +[OH-] -[H+]

α1Ct α2CT kw/(H)

input cells are green (adjustable)

Chemical Concentrations (F Concentrations (M) acid family pK1

∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1

pH [H+] α0Ct α1Ct α2CT

input cells are green (adjustable)

Chemical Concentrations (F Concentrations (M) acid family pK1

∝0= 1/(1+ 𝑘1/([𝐻+])+(𝑘1

pH [H+] α0Ct α1Ct α2CT

Alk = ((K1* Kh * PCo2) /[H+])+((2*k1*k2*pCO2)/[H+]^2) + [OH-] -[H+]

input cells are green (adjustable)

Chemical Concentrations (F Concentrations (M) acid family pK1

pH [H+] α0Ct α1Ct α2CT

input cells are green (adjustable)

Chemical Concentrations (F Concentrations (M) acid family pK1

Log Kh Kh = 10^-1.27 Log kw

pH [H+] α0Ct α1Ct α2CT

A𝑙𝑘 = (𝑘1 ∗𝐾ℎ∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/([𝐻+]) +(2 𝑘1∗𝑘2∗𝑘ℎ

input cells are green (adjustable)

Chemical Concentrations (F) Concentrations (M) acid family

Log Kh Kh = 10^-1.47 Log kw

pH [H+] α0Ct α1Ct α2CT

A𝑙𝑘 = (𝑘1 ∗𝐾ℎ∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/([𝐻+]) +(2 𝑘1∗𝑘2∗𝑘ℎ

input cells are green (adjustable)

Chemical Concentrations (F Concentrations (M) acid family pK1

Log Kh Kh = 10^-1.47 Log kw

pH [H+] α0Ct α1Ct α2CT

A𝑙𝑘 = (𝑘1 ∗𝐾ℎ∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/([𝐻+]) +(2 𝑘1∗𝑘2∗𝑘ℎ

kw/(H) PCO2 fixed

input cells are green (adjustable)

Chemical Concentrations (F Concentrations (M) acid family pK1

Log Kh Kh = 10^-1.47 Log kw

pH [H+] α0Ct α1Ct α2CT

A𝑙𝑘 = (𝑘1 ∗𝐾ℎ∗𝑃𝑐𝑜2 )/([𝐻+]) +(2 𝑘1∗𝑘2∗𝑘ℎ

input cells are green (adjustable)

Alk = ((K1* Kh * PCo2) /[H+])+((2k1k2*pCO2)/[H+]^2) + [OH-] -[H+]

β̞ = 2.303 ( α0 α1 * Ct + α1* α2* ct + 4 α0 * α2*CT + [ H+] +[OH-] 4.88E-05