Mathematics – Grade 6

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Quarter 4 – Module 8: Making Simple Predictions of Events Based on the Results of
Experiments
First Edition, 2021

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 6
Mathematics
Quarter 4 - Module 8
Making Simple Predictions of
Events Based on the Results of
Experiments
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need
to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercise and tests.
Read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

This module provides varied activities that will help you learn about
making predictions of events based on the results of experiments.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

 make simple predictions of events based on the results of
experiments;
 perform experiments and record outcomes; and
 use theoretical probability in predicting outcomes.

What I Know

Directions: Choose the correct answer by writing the letter of your choice in your answer
sheet.

1. It is any activity with an observable result that can be done repeatedly and involves
chances.
a. experiment c. probability
b. outcome d. sample space

2. It is used to describe how likely or unlikely it is that something will happen.

a. experiment c. probability
b. outcome d. sample space

3. It is a list of all the possible outcomes.

a. experiment c. probability
b. outcome d. sample space

4. It is a probability that is expected to happen.

a. Experimental Probability c. Sample space
b. Results d. Theoretical Probability

5. These are events in which the occurrence of the first event affects the occurrence of the
second event.
a. Dependent events c. Independent events
b. Experimental Probability d. Theoretical Probability

6. Ellen has a bag with 2 blue marbles and 3 red marbles in it. She is going to randomly pick
the marbles from the bag, find the theoretical probability of getting a blue marble.
a. c.

b. d.

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7. John is going to roll a 6-sided die 24 times. What is the best prediction for the number of
times that John will have the number 5?
a. Exactly 4 times
b. Close to 4 times but probably not exactly 4 times
c. Exactly 6 times
d. Close to 6 times but probably not exactly 6 times

8. Ellen is going to spin the spinner 5 times. The spinner is divided into equal sections. What
is the best prediction that the spinner will land in the shaded region?
a. Exactly 4 times after 5 spins
b. Close to 4 times but probably not exactly 4 times
c. Exactly 5 times after 5 spins
d. Close to 5 times but probably not exactly 5 times

9. There are 4 marbles in a bag. 3 marbles are blue, and 1 is red. What is the probability that
a red marble will be picked?
a. c.

b. d.

10. What is/are the chance/s of rolling a "4" with a die (singular for dice)?
a. c.

b. d.

What’s In

Directions: Answer the following questions. Write your answers on a separate answer sheet.

1. Suppose you spin the given spinner.

List all the possible outcomes of the spinner.

____________________________________

2. Look at the menu below. How many ways can you order snacks?

Kakanin Beverages
Putong Puti Tea
Biko Juice
Kutsinta

____________________________________
3. When a die is rolled, how many outcomes are possible?

____________________________________

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4. Complete the diagram to find all the possible ways the two coins can land.

5. Make a list of outcomes when two coins are tossed at the same time.

____________________________________

What’s New

Gino is going to flip a coin 50 times.

What is the best prediction for the number
of times that the coin will land at its tails?

Can you predict it?

Did you get the answer to this problem?
To learn how to solve problems like this, continue reading the module. Enjoy learning!

What is It

Making Simple Predictions of Events Based on the Results of

Experiments
Experiments and Outcomes
An experiment (or trial) is any activity with observable results that can be done
repeatedly and involves chances. The set of possible results of an experiment is called an
outcome.

Example 1: When a coin is tossed, there are two possible outcomes: heads (H) or
tails (T).
In this example, tossing a coin is the experiment and the outcomes are heads or
tails.

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Example 2: When a single die is thrown, there are six possible outcomes: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

In this example, throwing a die is the experiment and the outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6.

Theoretical and Experimental Probability

We can use theoretical probability to predict the results of probability experiment.

Theoretical probability can be obtained by getting the ratio of the number of favorable
outcomes to the total number of possible outcomes. A favorable outcome is any outcome in
the event whose probability you are looking for.

Theoretical probability (event) = Number of favorable outcomes

Number of possible outcomes
Experimental probability can be obtained by getting the ratio of the number of
times an outcome is obtained to the total number of trials.
Number of times favorable outcomes occur
Experimental probability (event) =
Number of trials in the experiment
Experimental probability is commonly used in real-life situations when the
probabilities cannot be determined theoretically.

Example 3: If a coin is tossed 10 times, find the theoretical probability of getting a head.

Solution: In a coin there is only one face with a head and there are two possible outcomes,
the head and the tail. Each face is equally likely to occur, so:
Theoretical probability (E) = Number of favorable outcomes =
Number of possible outcomes
Note: E refers to event.

Example 4: If a coin is tossed 10 times, and the head appears 6 times, find the experimental
activity of getting a head.

Solution 1: In this problem, the head appears 6 times, it is the number of times favorable
outcomes occur and the number of trials is 10.

Experimental probability (E) = Number of times favorable outcomes occur = or

Number of trials in the experiment ㌳

Solution 2: Performing the Experimental Probability

1. Take a coin and toss it.
2. Record the outcome.
3. Repeat the process 10 times.

Theoretical probability is what we are expecting to happen, where experimental

probability is what really happens when we try it out. The more trials we make, the
experimental probability gets closer to the theoretical probability.

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Example 5: A drawer contains 7 white socks and 5 black socks. Two socks are drawn at
random, one after the other, without replacement. Find the probability of drawing
two white socks in a row.

Solution: We can solve this problem by using the equation:

P (white, then white) = P (white) x P (white)
Since we have the condition “without replacement.”

First Draw:
Number of white socks
P (white) = = The first sock is not replaced.
Total Number of socks

Second Draw:
There are now 6 white
P (white) = Number of white socks minus 1 = socks that can be
Total Number of socks minus 1
drawn out of 11 socks.

Now, we can use our equation to solve this problem.

P (white, then white) = P (white) x P (white)

P (white, then white) = x Multiply the two probabilities.

1

P (white, then white) = x Use cancellation method.

2

P (white, then white) = x =

Answer: Thus, the probability of drawing two white socks in a row is .

This is called dependent events, events in which the occurrence of the first event
affects the occurrence of the other events. On the other hand, independent events are
events in which the occurrence of the first event does not affect the occurrence of the other
events.

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 What’s More

Independent Activity 1

Directions: Find the probability of the spinner at the right stopping on each of the following.
Write your answers on a separate answer sheet.
1. A four
2. An odd number
3. An even number
4. A number less than 5
5. A number less than 8

Independent Assessment 1
Directions: Read and solve the given experiment. Write your answers on a separate answer
sheet.
Pupils were surveyed about the number of books inside their bags. The table shows
the results. Write each experimental probability as fraction in simplest form.

Number of Books Number of Pupils

2 or more 24
1 18
0 8

A. Find the probability that a pupil has:

1. one book __________
2. two or more books __________
3. no book __________

B. If 100 pupils will be surveyed, predict how many will have:

4. two or more books __________
5. one book __________

Independent Activity 2
Directions: Solve the following. Write your answer on a separate answer sheet in fraction
form and in simplest form if necessary.

1. A bag contains 40 marbles, 28 red ones and 12 blue ones. A marble is picked at random
from the bag. What is the probability of picking:
a) a red marble. __________
b) a blue marble. __________
c) a yellow marble. __________

2. In a class of 45 students, 15 are in the Math Club and 10 are in the Art Club. If a student
is selected at random, what is the probability that the selected student is:

a) in the Math club? __________

b) in the Art club? __________

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Independent Assessment 2

Directions: Find the theoretical and experimental probability. Write your answers on a
separate answer sheet.

Carlo picks a card at random from a box containing 6 cards with the letter “M”, 4
cards with the letter “A”, 5 cards with the letter “T”, and 2 cards with the letter “H”. After he
picks a card, he records the result and places it back inside the box. He repeats this 30
times. Shown below is the result of the experiment.

Outcome M A T H
Number of times obtained 12 6 10 2

He picks: Theoretical Probability Experimental Probability

1. “A” card _________________ ___________________
2. “E” card _________________ ___________________
3. “T” card _________________ ___________________
4. “M” card _________________ ___________________
5. “H” card _________________ ___________________

Independent Activity 3
Directions: Read and solve the following.Write your answers on a separate answer sheet.

1. A two-digit number is written at random. Determine the probability that the number will be:
a) an odd number __________
b) an even number __________
c) larger than 75 __________

2. A pair of dice is tossed once. Find each probability.

a) What is the probability of getting a sum of 12? __________
b) What is the probability of getting a sum of 8? __________

Independent Assessment 3
Directions: Answer the following.Write your answers on a separate answer sheet.
1. If a coin is tossed 8 times, predict the number of times you would expect to get a head.
__________
2. A spinner has 4 equal sectors numbered 1 to 4. If you spin it, what is the probability of
landing on a number less than 4?
__________

3. Inside a box are 5 blue, 7 red, 6 yellow and 2 green balls. If a ball is picked at random
from the box, what is the probability of picking:
a) a blue ball __________
b) a green ball __________
c) a brown ball __________

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 What I Have Learned

 A sample space is a list of all possible outcomes of an activity or experiments.

 When we use a formula to find a probability of an event, we are finding the theoretical
probability. It is what we are expecting to happen.

Number of favorable outcomes

Theoretical probability (E) =
Number of possible outcomes
 When we find the probability of an event by doing an experiment, we are finding the
experimental probability.

Number of times favorable outcomes occur

Experimental Probability (E) =
Number of trials in the experiment
 Dependent events are events in which the occurrence of the first event affects the
occurrence of the other events.

 Independent events are events in which the occurrence of the first event does not
affect the occurrence of the other events.

What I Can Do

Directions: Read and solve. Write your answer on a separate answer sheet.

A drawer contains 2 black socks, 4 white socks and 4 gray socks. Two socks
are drawn at random, one after the other, without replacement. Complete the equation
to find each probability.

a) P (black, then black) First draw: P (black) = __________

Second draw P (black) = __________
P(black, then black) = __________

b) P (white, then gray) First draw = ___________

Second draw = ___________
P(white, then gray) = ___________

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 Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it in your answer sheet.
1. A letter is selected at random from the word “MAKATAO.” How many outcomes are
there in the sample space?
a. 5 c. 7
b. 6 d. 8
2. In the word “MATH,” how many outcomes are there in the event that the letter
selected is a consonant.
a. 1 c. 3
b. 2 d. 4
3. A die is rolled. What is the probability of a 2 turning up?
a. c.

b. d.
4. If two dice are rolled, find the probability of getting the sum of 9.
a. c.
t
b. d.

5. A spinner has 5 equal sectors colored blue, red, yellow, green and white. What is the
probability of landing on yellow?
a. c.

b. d.
6. Numbers from 1 to 20 are placed inside a jar and a number is drawn at random. Find the
probability of drawing an even number.
a. 1 c.

b. d.
7. A pupil is selected at random from a class of 18 boys and 12 girls. What is the probability
that the pupil chosen is a girl?
a. c.

b. d.
8. If a coin is tossed 70 times, predict the number of times you would expect to get a tail.
a. 70 c. 35
b. 50 d. 15
9. There are five coins in your pocket. One is a 25-centavo coin, a 5-peso coin and the rest
are all 1-peso coins. What is the probability of randomly picking a 5-peso coin?
a. c.

b. d.
10. Find the probability of getting a sum of 14 when a pair of dice is thrown.
a. 0 c.

b. d. 1

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 Additional Activities
Directions: Perform the experimental probability of rolling a pair of dice.

1. Complete the table by listing all the possible outcomes in the sample space.

Die 1
1 2 3 4 5 6
Die 2

1 (1, 1)

2. What is the number of possible outcomes? __________

3. Roll the dice 10 times, list how many times you would get a sum of 10.
______________________________________________________________________

4. If you will roll the dice 30 times, can you predict how many times you would expect to get
a sum of 6. __________

5. Now, roll the dice 30 times and list the outcomes that will give a sum of 6. Compare the
result of your Experimental probability to the result of theoretical probability in number 4.
Do they have the same result? Why? Why not?
_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

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What I Know Independent Assessment 2
Theoretical Prob. Experimental Prob.
1. a 6. b 1
2. c 7. b 2. 0 0
3. d 8. b 3.
4. d 9. a 4.
5. a 10. a 5.
What’s In Independent Activity 3
1. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 1. 2.
2. 6 ways a) c) a)
3. 6 outcomes b) b)
4.
5. (H, T), (T, H), (H, H), (T, T)
What’s New
25 times
What’s More What I Can Do
Independent Activity 1 a) First draw: P (black) =
1. Second draw P (black) =
2. P(black, then black) =
t
3. b.) First draw: P(white) =
4. Second draw: P (gray) =
5. P(white, then gray) =
t
Independent Assessment 1
t
A. Assessment
1. 1. a
2. 2. c
3. 3. a
B. 4. a
4. 48 5. d
5. 36 6. b
Independent Activity 2 7. c
1. 8. c
a) 9. d
b) 10. a
㌳
c) 0
㌳
2.
a)
b)
Answer Key
 References

A. Books

Perez, Marjoseph H. et. al... “21st Century Mathletes 6” Textbook. 1253 Araneta
Avenue, Quezon City: Vibal Group Inc. 2016

B. Electronic Sources

Khan Academy. “Making predictions with probability.” Copyright 2021

https://www.khanacademy.org/math/cc-seventh-grade-math/cc-7th-
probability-statistics/cc-7th-theoretical-and-experimental-probability/e/using-
probability-to-make-predictions

LRMDS Portal. “DLP Gr. 6 Module 67: Making simple predictions.” DepEd
https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/detail/7324

LRMDS Portal. “Mathematics 6: Learner's Activity Material.” SDO Paraňaque

https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/detail/18199

Math is Fun. “Probability.” Copyright 2020

https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/probability.html

Online Math 4 all. “Using Experimental Probability to make Predictions.” Copyright

https://www.onlinemath4all.com/using-experimental-probability-to-make-
predictions.html

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write:

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email Address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph

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