A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE INCOME OF

BUSINESS OWNERS
BRFORE AND DURING THE PANDEMIC IN CALUBIAN, LEYTE

____________________________

A Research Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of
High School Department
Western Leyte College
Ormoc City

__________________________

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements
for the Course

PRACTICAL RESEARCH I

JANE MARIE AVENIR

MARCH 2021
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, praises and gratitude to God, for His wisdom, strength, guidance, and the
showers of blessings throughout this study. Immeasurable appreciation and sincerest gratitude also go
to the following people and institution:
to Western Leyte College for granting her permission to conduct the study,
to Professor Joseph P. Hortezuela, her thesis and research adviser, for his patience,
encouragement, appreciation, motivation, and guidance since the proposal until the completion of the
study, without whom this research’s accomplishment would not be possible;
to Professor Robert C. Basadre, his statistician, for sharing his expertise, support, advice,
guidance, suggestion, and provisions that benefited her much in the completion and success of the
study;
to Mrs.Imelda O. Pabingwit, her noble mother, for the constant, moral support and mellifluous
affection which helped her to achieve success in every sphere of her life, without her kind devotion, this
thesis would been a sheer dream;
 Table of Contents
PRELIMINARIES PAGE
Title Page............................................................................................................................................................1
Acknowledgement............................................................................................................................................. 2

CHAPTER
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Rational of the Study........................................................................................................................... 1
Theoretical Background......................................................................................................................2
Related Theories............................................................................................................................3
Related Literature.........................................................................................................................4
Related Studies.............................................................................................................................. 5
The Problem......................................................................................................................................... 6

Statement of the Problem............................................................................................................. 1

Hypothesis of the Study................................................................................................................ 2
Significance of the Study.............................................................................................................. 3
Scope and Delimitation of the Study ......................................................................................... 4
Definition of Terms....................................................................................................................... 5
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design................................................................................................................................6
Research Environment.....................................................................................................................7
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
The environment within which business operate today present both challenges and opportunities for business
leaders.The growth in economic and social needs is most economies also constitutes another area of great
challenges.To explore the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in small business in the Philippines.
First,mass layoffs and closures had already occurred- just a few weeks into the crisis.Second the risk of closure
was negatively associated with the expected length of the crisis.Moreover business has widely varying beliefs
about likely duration of COVID related disruptions. Third,many small business are financially fragile.The
research problem aims to determine the drastic change and alterations in business operations and profit gain
caused by the COVID-19 pandemic towards business owners within the town. To achieve the targeted results,
the researchers are in crucial need to conduct an analysis and garner data from respondents.The results and
statistics could then be used as a basis and hopefully, a means, towards the appropriate assessment on how our
local government could assist and help our local businessmen restore the development of their respective
livelihood and businesses that was and is continuously affected by the ongoing pandemic.

Rationale

My chosen problem was about the comparative study of the business before and during the pandemic
which is the transportation here in Calubian, Leyte.I chose this problem to give light to the on-going troubles
of small and medium business owners regarding the dire condition of their enterprises. This research came up
with the idea of gathering information and data in line with the topic to stress the severe loss of income within
these businesses and present possible solutions to the current problem. The owner of this type of business was
my father,we lived in Barangay Cabalhin Calubian, Leyte.It was started on 2003 days before my brother born.
Way back 2003 ,our transportation business increases but when the government announced about the
lockdown our business decreased. Before there’s so many passengers wanted to book for a transportation but
as of now that this pandemic hasn’t done yet and for the protocol of the government about social distancing
the passengers feel more hassle because in order for you to travel you will need first a transportation permit
from out mayor and doctor.Responding to the potential business impacts of COVID-19. In the midst of the
current COVID-19 pandemic, global markets are severely disrupted. Businesses are forced to explore
innovative solutions to overcome the growing negative implications of this unprecedented crisis. Due to
various quarantine measures imposed by governments around the world, certain industries have been affected
much more than others. As only businesses involved in the value chain of essential commodities are
operational, the rest of the industries need to evaluate how they will respond to business unusual. The existing
business continuity plans may not be sufficient to address the fast-changing variables presented by COVID-19.
Risks remain tilted to the downside, with Capital Economics seeing a longer downturn for the global economy
due to the following factors: direct virus-related disruption that lasts longer than expected; risk of lengthier
recession or eve another financial crisis as companies turn insolvent while central banks have limited
monetary space, resulting in higher unemployment and a further downturn in consumer spending. There is a
high level of uncertainty surrounding the current situation, given that there are still many unknowns
concerning COVID-19. Related economic indicators also remain limited. The estimates presented here are
therefore based on scenarios and certain assumptions. The estimated transitory impact also does not yet take
into account potential gains from mitigating measures. The main purpose is to flag risk areas as a basis for
discussing appropriate responses, Stanton, C. (July, 2020). The impact of COVID-19 on small business
outcomes ​ and expectations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United ​ States of
America (PNAS). https://www.pnas.org/content

Statement of the Problem

I have chosen was to inform those business owners that usually get along with this problem. I know
there a lot who’s been realizing this situation.The general objective purpose of the study is all about
observing and examining the main situation in doing business before and during the pandemic COVID 19.
In general the one that will be the beneficiary was the reader or the business owners out there because this
research was all for them generally because I am determining how business owners get along with receiving
into loss. So for me the benefits that they can get is a lesson. Because that’s all I have said. And for all of
your information do not take advantage on what you receive everyday because nothing won’t last long
forever. We must try to save in every morning that we encounter when we woke up.

This study aims to describe the differences between the income of business owners before and during the
pandemic in Calubian, Leyte. Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:
1. ) How much is the income of business owners before pandemic in Calubian, Leyte?
2. ) Is there any significant differences between the income of business owners before and during
pandemic in Calubian, Leyte?

Scope and Limitations/Delimitations of the Study

This study focuses on the Income of Business Owners before and during the Pandemic. The respondents of
the study are the Calubianons who are business owners. The result of this study is applicable only to the
respondents of the study and should not use as a measure to the income of business owners before and during the
pandemic that do not belong to the population of the study. I the researcher considered working on this study to
know and describe the differences between the income of business owners before and during the pandemic in
Calubian.

Significance of the Study

The study focused on determining and assessing how the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the economic flow
of the country, and the extent as to how much it affects manufacturers and business owners alike. Moreover, the
researchers believe that this study would be greatly beneficial and can contribute to some areas and aspects of the
following:
1. It can benefit the respondents. Business owners are among the ones who were terribly impacted by the
government’s response to the pandemic, since nation-wide lockdown and cancellation of business operations
were strictly implemented. The study would give business owners a chance to reveal the extremity of the
pandemic’s aftermath towards their livelihood
2. Local government. The study would also help the local government in the assessment of how to effectively
respond and provide assistance to businesses that has been severely affected by the pandemic. Local government
officials could draw basis on the study’s findings and administer assistance accordingly.
3. Consumers. The study could also help consumers’ assessment on how to efficiently take part on the
replenishment and further reconstruction of the country’s economy. Bearing and partaking a crucial role in the
economic process, consumers can deduce on how they can use their roles and act correspondingly to provide
abetment in the rehabilitation of the economy.
4. Future researchers. The findings of the study will serve as a reference material and a guide for future
researchers who wish to conduct the same experimental study or any study related to the aftereffect of the
COVID-19 pandemic towards the nation’s economy

Related Theories

Review of Literature
Responding to the potential business impacts of COVID-19. In the midst of the current COVID-19 pandemic,
global markets are severely disrupted. Businesses are forced to explore innovative solutions to overcome the
growing negative implications of this unprecedented crisis. Due to various quarantine measures imposed by
governments around the world, certain industries have been affected much more than others. As only businesses
involved in the value chain of essential commodities are operational, the rest of the industries need to evaluate
how they will respond to business unusual. The existing business continuity plans may not be sufficient to
address the fast-changing variables presented by COVID-19. Risks remain tilted to the downside, with Capital
Economics seeing a longer downturn for the global economy due to the following factors: direct virus-related
disruption that lasts longer than expected; risk of lengthier recession or eve another financial crisis as companies
turn insolvent while central banks have limited monetary space, resulting in higher unemployment and a further
downturn in consumer spending. There is a high level of uncertainty surrounding the current situation, given that
there are still many unknowns concerning COVID-19. Related economic indicators also remain limited. The
estimates presented here are therefore based on scenarios and certain assumptions. The estimated transitory
impact also does not yet take into account potential gains from mitigating measures. The main purpose is to flag
risk areas as a basis for discussing appropriate responses.

Related Studies
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

RESEARCH DESIGN

RESEARCH RESPONDENTS

RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES

When conducting a research, data gathering procedure is really important. Data collection is a systematic
process of gathering observations or measurements. While methods and aims may differ between fields, the
overall process of data collection remains largely the same. Here is the procedure when researchers are gathering
a data. First, the researcher must define the aim of their research (they can start by writing a problem statement:
what is the practical or scientific issue that you want to address and why does it matter? Next, formulate one or
more research question that precisely define what they want to find out. Depending on the research questions,
they might need to collect quantitative or qualitative data.). Second, the researchers must choose their data
collection method (based on the researcher’s data that they want to collect, decide which method is best suited
for their research. Carefully consider what method they will use to gather data that helps them directly answer the
research questions.). Third, they must plan their data collection procedures (when they know which method(s)
they are using, the researchers need to plan exactly how they will implement the readers). Fourth, collect the data
(finally, the researchers can implement their chosen methods to measure or observe the variables they are
interested in.). To ensure that high quality data is recorded in a systematic way, here are some best practices: The
researchers must record all relevant information as and when they obtain data. For example, note down whether
or how lab equipments are recalibrated during an experimental study. Double-check manual data entry for errors.
If they collect quantitative data, they can assess the reliability and validity to get an indication of their data
quality.