3c. Plumbing Definitions and Related Terms, Plumbing Systems (One Pipe, Two Pipe Etc)

Sanitation: Plumbing definitions and related terms, plumbing
systems (one pipe, two pipe etc),
Date & Time: 06/04/2021 & 09:00 AM to 10:50 AM
Dr. Dibya Jivan Pati

Asst. Professor
Department of Architecture
GITAM School of Architecture(GSA)
Visakhapatnam – 530045
Email: dpati@gitam.edu
6 April 2021 Department of Architecture, GSA Course Code and Course Title: AAR 204 WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION 1
PLUMBING- Definition
✔ Plumbing, system of pipes and fixtures installed in a building for the distribution and use of potable
(drinkable) water and the removal of waterborne wastes. It is usually distinguished from water and
sewage systems that serve a group of buildings or a city..
Department of Architecture, GSA Course Code and Course Title: AAR 204 WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION 6 April 2021
2
PLUMBING- Definition
✔ Is the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures & other

apparatuses in buildings & for bringing the supply, liquids,
substances &/or ingredients & removing them.
✔ from the Latin plumbum for lead as pipes were once made from
lead.
✔ refers to a system of pipes and fixtures installed in a building
3
PLUMBING SYSTEM
✔ The plumbing system shall include the
o water supply and distribution pipes;
o plumbing fittings and traps;
o soil, waste, vent pipes and anti-siphonage
pipes;
o building drains and building sewers including
their respective connections,
o devices and appurtenances within the
property lines of the premises;
o and water-treating or water-using equipment.
4
PLUMBING CYCLE
5
PLUMBING SYSTEM
General Rules in designing the Sanitary system:
✔ The pipes should take the shortest possible route to
the house sewer or the terminating point of the
Sanitary system
✔ Control components such as clean-outs, traps, and
vents, should be located strategically so as to
ensure efficient circulation
Subsystems of the Sanitary System:
✔ Waste Collection System
✔ Ventilation System
6
PLUMBING SYSTEM- RELATED TERMS/ELEMENTS
• Waste Pipe: conveys • Vent Pipe: used for
only wastewater or ensuring the
liquid waste free of fecal circulation of air in
matter a plumbing system
and for relieving
the negative
pressure exerted
on trap seals.
7
• Trap: a fitting or device designed and constructed to provide,
when properly vented, a liquid seal which prevents the
backflow of foul air or methane gas without materially
affecting the flow of sewage or wastewater through it.
8
Stack: the vertical main of a system of soil, waste or vent piping extending
through one or more stories and extended through the roof.
9
• Branch: any part of the piping system other
than a main, riser or stack.
• House/Building Drain : part of the lowest
horizontal piping of a plumbing system which
receives the discharges from the soil, waste
and other drainage pipes inside of a building
and conveys it to the house sewer outside of
the building.
10
• House/Building Sewer:
extends from the house drain
at a point 0.60 meters from
the outside face of the
foundation wall of a building
to the junction with the
street sewer or to any point
of discharge, and conveying
the drainage of one building
site.
11
• Back Water Valve: Device installed in a drainage system to prevent reverse flow.
• Crown of Trap :
The topmost point of the inside of a trap outlet.
12
• Manhole : An opening by which a man may enter or leave a
drain, a sewer or other closed structure for inspection,
cleaning and other maintenance operations, fitted with
suitable cover.
13
• Fittings: The appurtenances such as coupling, flange, branch,
bend, tees, elbows, unions, waste (with or without plug), P or
S trap (with or without vent), stop ferrule, bib tap, pillar tap,
bath faucet, water meter, garden hydrant, valves and any
other article used in connection with water supply, drainage
and sanitation.
• Fixture Unit : A quantity in terms of which the load producing
effects on the plumbing system of different kinds of plumbing
fixtures is expressed on some arbitrarily chosen scale.
14
• Gully Trap : A trap provided in
a drainage system with a
water seal fixed in a suitable
position to collect waste
water from the scullery,
kitchen sink, wash basins,
baths and rainwater pipes.
15
PLUMBING SYSTEM- CHANGES IN DIRECTION OF SANITARY DRAINAGE LINES
• Horizontal to Horizontal
change in direction: use 45°
wye branches, combination
wye – 1/8 bend branches, or
other approved fittings of
equivalent sweep .
• Vertical to Horizontal change
in direction: 45° wye branches
or other approved fittings of
equivalent sweep.
45° wye branches
Wye: (in plumbing) a short pipe with a branch joining it at an acute angle.
16
• Horizontal to vertical change in direction :
• use 45° or 60° wye branches,
combination wye -1/8 bend branches,
sanitary tee or sanitary tapped tee
branches, or other approved fittings of
equivalent sweeps.
• No fitting having more than one inlet at
the same level shall be used (i.e.,
sanitary cross)
• Double sanitary tees may be used when
the barrel of the fitting is at least two
pipe (2) sizes larger than the largest inlet,
(pipe sizes recognized for this purpose
are 51, 64, 76, 89, 102, 114, 127, & 152
mm dia.)
17
• Developed Length :
The length measured
along the centre line
of a pipe and fittings.
18
TYPES OF PERMISSIBLE TRAPS:
The Common P-Trap:
• Used for lavatories, kitchen sinks, laundry tubs, & urinals
• Materials commonly used for the P-trap: nickel, chrome plated
brass, Galvanized malleable copper, & PVC.
19
The Deep Seal P-Trap:
• Water seal is about twice the size of The common P-trap
• Used for extreme conditions because resealing quality is greater
20
The Stand Trap:
• Used for fixtures such as slop sinks that are usually built
low in the ground, leaving very little space for a
foundation & a trap
• Serves as a water seal & structural support for the fixture.
The Running Trap:

• Used within the line of the house drain
21
PIPE SYSTEM
✔ The system to be adopted will depend on the type
and planning of the building in which it is to be
installed and will be one of the following:
Single stack system :
• The piping system in which there is no trap
ventilation and the stack itself acts as vent through
roof.
• In this system care shall be taken for proper sizing of
the pipes and the trap arm distance, specially the
horizontal distance of sanitary fixtures from the
drainage stack and vertical distance between
connection of branches from fixtures to drainage
stack.
6 April 2021 22
Department of Architecture, GSA Course Code and
6 April 2021 23
Course Title: AAR 204 WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION
PIPE SYSTEM
One pipe Partially ventilated system :

• The piping system in which soil and waste
pipes are connected to a single vertical stack
with additional vent pipe for ventilation of
traps of water closets.
• It is also sometimes known as single stack
-Partially ventilated system.
24
PIPE SYSTEM
One pipe Fully ventilated system :

• The piping system in which the waste pipes
from the sinks, baths and wash basins, and the
soil pipe from water closet are connected to a
single vertical stack.
• The traps of the water closets, waste
appliances, etc, are individually ventilated and
connected with a separate stack to preserve
the water seal. It is also sometimes known as
single stack - fully ventilated system.
25
PIPE SYSTEM
Two pipe system

1) Two pipe system with common vent pipe :
• The piping system in which all soil
appliances such as water closets, urinals,
bidet and bedpan sinks are connected to
soil stack and all other plumbing fixtures
such as baths, sinks, and basins are
connected to waste stack through deep
seal trap.
• In addition, a common vent stack is
provided for ventilation of soil and waste
stacks.
26
PIPE SYSTEM
Two pipe system

2) Two pipe system with independent vent
pipes :
• The piping system in which all soil
appliances such as water closets, urinals ,
bidet and bedpan sinks are connected to
soil stack, and all other plumbing fixtures
such as baths, sinks, and basins are
connected to waste stack through deep
seal trap.
• In addition, there are independent a vent
stacks provided for respective ventilation
of soil and waste stacks.
27
ASSIGNMENT
SKETCH ALL TYPES OF PIPE SYSTEM
ON A SKETCHBOOK AND SUBMIT BY SATURDAY
6 April 2021 Department of Architecture, GSA Course Code and Course Title: AAR 204 WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION 28

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Sanitation: Plumbing definitions and related terms, plumbing

systems (one pipe, two pipe etc),

Date & Time: 06/04/2021 & 09:00 AM to 10:50 AM

Dr. Dibya Jivan Pati

✔ Is the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures & other

The Running Trap:

One pipe Partially ventilated system :

One pipe Fully ventilated system :

Two pipe system

Two pipe system

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