COURS E NAME: FOUND ATION MATHE 't1 AH 1 , A,N O STATI Sncs FOR

SCJ [NCI; ~
COURSE CODE : l\'IAT l SO

1.0 INTRODUCTION
This course provides an introdu ction to u111verstty met:'iematics pnmarity mtended
for
students pursuin g biologic al science careers . 1t 1s de'7jgnw Jc..G ,ntroduce and reinforce
the
essential mathematical skills needed to understand, analyse. and solve mathematical problem
s
related to sc ience. Topics covered include set theory. ba~ic algebra, functions. curve
sketching, trigono metry, comple x numbers, matrice s, vectors, basic calculus and basic
statistics.

2.0 Aim
To introduce students to concepts which will act as foundations for the study of science
courses .

3.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon comple tion of the course students should be able to:
l . Demonstrate an understanding of basic sets and set notation
2. Use basic algebra to simplify and manipulate algebraic equatio ns
3. Describe and manipulate elementary functio ns including linear, quadrat ic, higher
order polynomials, logarithmic and exponential functio ns
4. Sketch, identify and interpret a wide variety of graphs
5. To understand and apply basic ideas and techniques of differential and integral
calculus
6. Calcula te and interpre t values for common statistics includin g mean and standard
dev iation
7. Use normal distributions to calculate probabilities and describe properties of real-
world type problem s
8. Interpret the meaning of a limit and be able to calculate limits involving simple
fu nctions and sequences
9. Create and properly interpre t numerical and graphical data summa ries
l 0. Properl y carry out basic probability calculations includin g for various discrete
and
continuous probability distributions
 4.0 PRE -RE QU ISIT ES
Grade 12 mathematics - Cre dit or bett er

5.0 Cou rse Out line

t.0 SETS
I. I Ven n diag ram s
1.2 Typ es of sets
1.3 Set oper ation s(Un ion, Inter secti on, Com
plem ent, Set diffe renc e)
1.4 Sets of num bers
1.5 The real num ber line
1.6 Abs olut e valu es
1.7 Bina ry oper ation s
I .8 Cros s prod uct

2.0 FUN CTI ONS

2.1 Defi nitio n of a func tion
2.2 Dom ain, Co dom ain, Pre- imag e, Imag
e and Ran ge
2.3 O ne-t o-on e and Onto Func tion s
2.4 lnve rse Func tion s
2.5 Odd and Even func tion s
2.6 Som e com mon Func tion s and
their grap hs(L inea r, Qua drat ic, Cub ic,
Log arith mic, Rati onal ) Exp onen tial,
2.7 Mod ulus of com mon func tions and their
grap hs
3.0 EQU ATI ONS
3. I Line ar Equ ation s
3.2 Qua drat ic Equ ation s
3 .3 Solv ing of quad ratic equa tions by Fact
orisa tion meth od, Com pleti ng of the squa
Grap hica l meth od and the quad ratic form res meth od,
ula meth od
3.4 Roo ts of a quad ratic equa tion
3.5 Solu tion s of s imul tane ous equa tions
Line ar syst ems
Non -line ar syst ems (one quad ratic and one
linear)
4.0 INE QUA TIO NS
4. 1 Solv ing Line ar lneq uatio ns
4.2 Solv ing Qua drat ic lneq uatio ns
4.3 Solv ing rational ineq uatio ns
4.4 Solv ing prob lems with two ineq ualit ies
at once
4.5 Opti misa tion prob lems

5.0 PAR TIA L FRA CTI ONS

5.1 Frac tions where the deno mina tor bas
linea r factors
5.2 frac tion s in whic h the deno mina tor has
repe ated facto rs
5.3 Frac tions in which the deno mina tor has
quad ratic factors
5.4 Dea ling with impr oper fractions

6.0 POL YNO MIA LS

6.1 Poly nom ial Expr essio ns
6 .2 Typ es of po lyno mials(Mo nom ial, Bino
mial , Trin omia l)
6.3 Ope ratio ns invo lving po lyno mial s
Addition and subt racti on
Mul tipli catio n

Pae:e 2 n
 Division (long division and ),yntlle ti1• rt•\ -' •
6.4 Factor Theorem and Remainder Theorem
6.5 Solving polynomial equations

7.0 BINOMIAL EXPANSIONS

7. I Determining binom ial coefficients by using the Pa!.car. ":'l!ngle
7.2 The Binomial Theorem
7.3 Expansions involving negative powers
7.4 Expansions involving fractional powers
7.5 Applications of binomial theore m

8.0 LOGA RITH MS

8.1 Computing logarithms
8.2 Logarithmic laws
8.3 Natural logarithms .
8.4 Inverse of logarithms(in cluding in verse of natura l logarit hms)
8.5 Solving equations involving logarithms
8.6 Graphs of logarithmic functions
8.7 Applications of natura l logarithms to mathematical model s

9.0 COOR DINA TE GEOM ETRY

9. 1 Canesian coordinates
9.2 Midpoint of two points
9.3 Distance between two points
9.4 Gradient or slope ofa straight line
9.5 The equation y = mx +c
9.6 Findin g the Cartes ian equation of a straigh t line
9.7 Parallel and perpendicular lines
9.8 Intersection of lines

10.0 TRIG ONOM ET RY

I0.1 Solutions of triangles
10.2 Trigonome1ric ra1i os
I0.3 Graphs of trigon ometri c fun ctions
I 0.4 Trigonometri c identiti es (including sums and differe nces fo rmula
e)
I0.5 Solving Trigo nometric equatio ns

I 1.0 COM PLEX NUMB ERS

I 1.1 Definition of a co mplex number
11 .2 Representation of complex numbe rs
11.3 Operations in vo lving complex numbe rs
11.4 Solving equations involving compl ex numbe rs

12.0 MATRICES
12. I Defi ni tion of a matrix and matrix notation
12.2 Bas ic operations involving matrices(addition, subtra ction and multip lication of matrices)
12.3 Types of matrices
12.4 Determinant of a mat rix(include a 3 x 3 matrix)
12.5 Cofactors of a matrix
12.6 Inverse of a matrix(including a 3 x 3 matrix)
12.7 Applications of matrices to solving systems of equations(includin
rule) g the use of cramm er's

13.0 VECT ORS

13. I Scalar and vectors
13.2 Repres entatio n and notation of vectors
 13 .3 Types of vectors
13 .4 Operations involving vectors
-Addition and subtraction of vectors
-Scalar product
-Dot product
-Cross product
13 .5 Magnitude of a vector
13 .6 The vector equation of a straight line

14.0 CALCULUS
14.1 Limits and continuity
- Definition of a limi t
- Existence of a limit
- Evaluating limits
- Limits at infinity and infi nity lim its

14 .2 Differential Calculus
- Rates of change
- Gradient of a curve
- Definition of a derivative
. The derivati ves of common functions(polynomials. exponentials, tri gonometric, rational
function s, logari thmic)
- Methods of differentiation(chain rule, prod uct rule and quotient rule)
- The second order deriva1ives
- Applications of differentiation
• Tangents and normals
• Stationary poin ts: max imum and minimum
• Velocity and accelerati on
• Curve sketching

14 .3 Integral Calculus
- Integration as the reverse of differentiation
Integration of common fun ctions(polynomials, exponentials, trigonometric, rational
functions, logarithmic)
- Methods of integration(integration by parts, integration by usi ng substitution)
- Applications of integration
• Computing the area under a curve
• Computing volume of revolution

15.0 DESCIUPTIVE STATISTICS

15.1 Discrete and Continuous data
15.2 Frequency distribution
15.3 Histograms and Frequency polygons
15.4 Cumulative Frequency Curves
15.5 Measures of Central Tendency(includin,g use of assumed mean)
I 5.6 Measures of dispersion

16.0 PROBABILITY
16.1 Sample Space
16.2 Events
16.3 Definition of probability
16.4 Mutual exclusive events
16.5 Conditional Probability
16.6 lndep~ndent events
1, , 7 n .-,"n .... ,l.. .... ...... .. . .
 16.8 Probability trees
16.9 Permutations and co
mbinations
17 .0 PROBABILITY DlST
RIBUTIONS
l 7 .1 Discrete random var
iables
\ 7 .2 Probability functions
\ 7.3 Expectation
I 7.4 Standard deviation
and Variance
\ 7 .5 Coefficient of variat
17 .6 Special discrete pro ion . .
babi_lity distnbuuons (B,'nomial and Poison)
17 .7 Continuous random
vanables
I 7 .8 Nonna\ Distributions and use O f st an dord normal tables

6.0 M eth od of Te ac hin

g
• 3 lecture hours per week.
• 1 tutorial hour per week .
• 2 clinic hours per wes:k

7 .0 Assessments
Continuous assessment 40%
• Th ree tests I 0% each
• 5 Quizzes/ Assignments
10% (2. 5% each)
Fina! examination 60%

8.0 Staffing
Staffing: Two (2) Lecturers

9.0 Prescribed TextBoo

ks
1. A-J. Sadler, O. W .S. Th
orning, Understandin g pure ma
University Press, lSBN 0-19-9 th em ati cs , Oxford
14243-2 School Edition, 20
04
2. J. Parnba, A First Cour
se in M athematics - Un
de rg ra du ate tex t, 2021
3. L Chandler and L. Bosto
ck., M athemati cs - a co re
co ur se for A- lev els , 20
03
10.0 Recommended TextB
ooks
I. J.K.. Backhouse, and S.T.P.
Houldsworth, Pu re M at he
longman group ltd, 1985 . ma tic s 1 an d 2. London
:

2. F.~ Tailoka , E.B Samuel

and N. Nchirnuny a, M ath em
Trigonometry and Calculus ati ca l An aly sis - Al ge br
, Koppara Enterprises, Na a,
682030 . ISB N 978-81-92237 ndanam Publish ing Ho us
4-2-8, 2013. e, India
3. Kaufman. J.E.. College alg
ebra and trigono metry . PW
S publishers, 1987.