LN 2 IS MATTER AROUND US PURE IN-TEXT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS Question 1. What is meant by a substance? Answer: A pure substance consists of a single type of particles Question 2. List the points of differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. Answer: Homogeneous mixtures Heterogeneous mixtures © It has uniform composition, It does not have a uniform composition. © No visible boundaries of separation. Shows visible boundaries of separation. © They consist of only one phase. They consist of more than one phase. Example: sugar + water -> sugar solution,| Example: sugar + sand Question 2. How are sol, solution and suspension different from each other? Answer: Sol. (colloid) Solution ‘Suspension 1, Size of solute particles Size of solute particles Size of solute particles is between 1 nm to 100 nm. Jess than 1 nm (10° m) more than 100 nm. 2. It is stable Stable. Unstable. 3.It scatters a beam of | It does not scatter light. | It scatters a beam of light. light. 4. Solute particles p: Solute particles pass | Solute particles do not through filter paper. through filter paper. pass through filter paper. Question 3. To make a saturated solution, 36 g of sodium chloride is dissolved in 100 g of water at 293 K. Find its concentration at this temperature. Answer: Mass of solute (sodium chloride) = 36 g Mass of solvent (water) = 100 g Mass of solution = Mass of solute + Mass of solvent = 36.9 +1009= 136gMass of solute Mass of solution 36 = 38 x100 - fe 136 26.47% Concentration = = 100 Question 2. Classify the following as chemical or physical changes: Answer: Physical Change Chemical Change © cutting of trees © rusting of almirah © melting of butter in a pan © passing of electric current through © boiling of water to form steam water and then breaking down © dissolving common salt in water into hydrogen and oxygen gas @ making a fruit salad with raw fruits e burning of paper and wood Question 3. Try segregating the things around you as pure substances or mixtures Answer: Pure substances—Water, bread, sugar and gold, Mixtures~Steel, plastic, paper, talc, milk and air. Question 2. Write the steps you would use for making tea. Use the words, solution, solvent, solute, dissolve, soluble, insoluble, filtrate and residue. Answer: 1. Take a cup of water in a container as solvent and heat it. 2. Add sugar in it which is solute. Heat it till all sugar dissolves. 3. You get a solution of water and sugar. 4, Sugar is soluble in water completely 5. Add half a tea-spoon of tea-leaves, itis insoluble in water. 6. Boil the content, add milk which is also soluble in water, boil again. 7. Filter the tea with the help of strainer, the tea collected in cup is filtrate and the tea leaves collected on the strainer is residue. Question 3. Pragya tested the solubility of three different substances at different temperatures and collected, the data as given below (results are given in the following table, as grams of substance dissolved in 100 grams of water to form a saturated solution).Substance Dissolved Temperature in K and Solubility 283 293 318 333 353 Potassium nitrate 21 32 62 106 167 Sodium chloride 36. 36 36 37. 3 Potassium chiorice 35 35 40. 46 54 Ammonium chloride 24 37 41 66 (2) What mass of potassium nitrate would be needed to produce a saturated solution of potassium nitrate in 50 grams of water at 313 K? (b) Pragya makes a saturated solution of potassium chloride in water at 353 K and leaves the solution to coo! at room temperature. What would she observe us the solution cools? Explain. (©) Find the solubility of each salt at 293 K. Which salt has the highest solubility at this temperature? (d) What is the effect of change of temperature on the solubility of a salt? Answer: (@) Mass of KNO, to produce a saturated solution of KNO, in 100 grams of water at 313 K = 62 ¢ «. Mass of KNO, in 50 grams of water at 313 K 62.0 x 50 - 100 (8 Crystals of potassium chloride will be obtained on cooling the saturated solution. (Q Solubility of each salt at 293 K is () Potassium nitrate —> 32g (i) Sodium chloride > 36 g (ii) Potassium chloride + 35 g (iy Ammonium chloride > 37 ¢ (@ On increasing the temperature, solubility of a salt increases. = 310¢ Question 4. Explain the following giving examples: (@) Saturated solution (b) Pure substance (c) Colloid (d) Suspension Answer: (a) Saturated solution: In a given solvent when no more solute can dissolve further at a given temperature is called saturated solution. (b) Pure substance: A pure substance consists of a single type of particles. E.g., gold, silver. (©) Colloid: A colloid is a solution in which the size of solute particles are bigger than that of true solution. These particles cannot be seen with our naked eyes, they are stable, e.g,, ink, blood(d) Suspension: itis a heterogeneous mixture in which the solute particles are big enough to settle down, e.g., chalk-water, paints, etc. Question 5. Classify each of the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture: soda water, wood, air. soil, vinegar, filtered tea. ‘Answer: Homogeneous: Soda water, vinegar, filtered tea. Heterogeneous: Wood, air, soil. Question 6. How would, you confirm that a colourless liquid given to you is pure water? Answer: By finding the boiling point of a given colourless liquid. If the liquid boils at 100°C at atmospheric pressure, then it is pure water. This is because pure substances have fixed melting and boiling point. Question 7. Which of the following materials fall in the category of a ‘pure substance"? (2) Ice (b) Milk (c) Iron (d) Hydrochloric acid (e) Calcium oxide (f) Mercury (g) Back (h) Wood (i) Air. Answer: Pure substances are: Ice, iron, hydrochloric acid, calcium oxide and mercury. Question 8. Identify the solutions among the following mixtures. (2) Soil (b) Sea water (©) Air (d) Coal (e) Soda water. Answer: Solutions are: Sea water soda water and air. Question 9. Which of the following will show “Tyndall effect"? (@) Salt solution (b) Milk (©) Copper sulphate solution (d) Starch solution. Answer: Milk and starch solution. Question 10. Classify the following into elements, compounds and mixtures. (a) Sodium (b) Soil (c) Sugar solution (d) Silver (e) Calcium carbonate (f) Tin (g) Silicon (h) Coal (i) Air () Soap (k) Methane (\) Carbon dioxide (m) Blood Answer: Elements ~ Compounds ~ Mixtures Sodium ~ Calcium carbonate ~ Sugar solution Silver ~ Methane ~ Soil Tin ~ Carbon dioxide - Coal Silicon - Soap ~ Air Blood Question 11. Which of the following are chemical changes? (@) Growth of a plant (b) Rusting of iron(c) Mixing of iron filings and sand (d) Cooking of food (€) Digestion of food (f) Freezing of water (@) Burning of a candle. Answer: Chemical changes are: (a) Growth of a plant (b) Rusting of iron (c) Cooking of food (4) Digestion of food (e) Burning of a candle