With respect to lakes, new small ones form somewhat frequently, but these all tend

to be quite ephemeral. Examples would be lakes forming either from impoundment

related to landslides blocking a river or melting of mountain glaciers that are
temporarily impounded behind terminal moraines or other sedimentary deposits. None
of these tend to last very long because the sediment deposits holding them back
either fail or the lake eventually over tops and erodes the obstruction.

To directly address the many comments regarding the current flooding in Pakistan,
under really no definition of lake would we consider temporary standing water
related from flooding on its own to be a "lake" in a geologic sense (regardless of
random new stories that may describe the inundation as a "lake"). A lake implies a
semi-permanent, mostly enclosed water body, not simply what amounts to a flood wave
that has spread out because of the immense volume of water. That is not to diminish
the devastating floods in Pakistan, but these are not forming a lake, even an
ephemeral one, because the water will drain (though there might be areas that if
typically enclosed basins which the flood waters did overtop, these could be
considered a lake after connection with the rest of the flood wave is severed, but
these would fall into the "ephemeral" category, must like the examples above) and
it is not being actively blocked by anything (other than all of the other water).

In terms of less ephemeral lakes, formation of a new lake either requires a change
in the hydrologic balance (e.g., enough water starts to flow into a region to
exceed outflow and/or evaporation, resultant from a change in any, or all, of these
parameters) or some change in the landscape that more permanently blocks a river to
form an internally drained lake (e.g., uplift by a fault). There are certainly
areas that in the geologically recent past we could expect (or have evidence of) a
lake forming because of changes in either of these (e.g., the large glacial lakes
that formed in the western US, like Lake Lahontan), but not any areas I'm aware of
currently that are actively forming a new lake.

In terms of rivers, this a bit more subjective as it depends on what you would
consider a "new" river. Many rivers have frequent avulsions or changes in course,
especially those that are low gradient and occupying floodplains, which effectively
form new sections of rivers. Similarly, we can see exchanges of portions of rivers
via stream caputre. We can also see the formation of new small channels in settings
like alluvial fans. Ultimately though, with rivers, deciding when a river is "new"
gets a bit arbitrary. I.e., how much of a course change does there need to be
before you consider a river "new".

Probably the closest opportunity to true formation of "new" river that avoids the
kind of ambiguity from above would be the formation of rivers on newly formed
volcanic islands where very clearly before emergence from the ocean, there were no
rivers, but after sufficient topography grew, a new river developed (which probably
started as an ephemeral stream and only became a perennial stream after sufficient
topography and groundwater system developed). I'm not aware of a location like this
where we can truly say a "new river" is forming, but certainly in the geologically
recent past, this has happened on many volcanic islands.