Diocese of Baguio Schools

SACRED HEART HIGH SCHOOL OF ITOGON, INC.

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Math 7 - QUARTER 4 - MODULE 3:

MEASURE OF VARIABILITY
In the measure of central tendency, we discussed values which describe the middle or
center of distribution. However, these measures do not describe or tell how the
observations vary from the center of the distribution.

INSTRUCTION:

a. Inform your parent or guardian about the distribution and retrieval of modules, weekly home learning plan
and outputs schedule. Once you received the papers, check them if the pages are complete or properly
printed. If there are problems found in the quantity of the materials, report it immediately to the class
adviser to address it. If there are errors found, do not share those on social media, instead inform the subject
teacher or the class adviser.
b. In our Class Group Chat, ask for questions and clarifications regarding the topic and tasks allotted for the
week. You can still do transactions beyond the schedule. However, you need to wait for the reply as the
teacher has additional tasks to fulfill.
c. Observe etiquette in communication. Be polite in dealing with your subject teacher and classmates. Do not
share screenshots of our conversation unless you are given permission.
d. Read and understand all the concepts presented before answering your activity.
e. Use the answer sheet provided in answering your activities. Write legibly and make your paper clean as
possible (use scrap paper first before you write your final answers on the activity sheets). Make sure that
your outputs are intact when submitting. Take note of the set deadlines in order for you to be on time.
Extension for the submission of outputs can be given if reason/s are valid such as imposed lockdown in
your purok that prohibits the collection and distribution of modules. For updates regarding with the
deadlines, you can read on them on your group chat. To ensure that all will receive information, text
messages will be sent to your parents’ or guardian’s cellphone numbers.
f. You will submit the ACTIVITY SHEET ONLY, and NOT
the whole module.
g. Be honest in answering your module and doing your performance tasks. Do not commit plagiarism.
h. Take care of yourself. Have a balanced life.

OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

a. find the mean, median and mode of an ungrouped and grouped data;
b. draw conclusions from the measures of central tendency;
c. sort and organize data using frequency table; and
d. describe data using the information from mean, median and mode.

MODULE 3: MEASURE OF VARIABILITY

Math 7 | Q4 | Page 1 of 6
 CONCEPT DISCUSSION:

The measures of central tendency may not be enough to provide a complete description of a given data set. Two
or more data sets may have the same mean but are different in other aspects. To quantify this difference, the
measures of variability are used. These measures describe how close or dispersed a set of data is. Significantly,
it describes the homogeneity or heterogeneity of a data set. Oftentimes, the measures of variability are also
called the measures of dispersion.
A. RANGE. The range R is the difference between the maximum and minimum values. It is the simplest form

LESSON 1: MEASURE OF VARIABILITY – UNGROUPED DATA

but most unreliable measure of variability because it only
uses
two Range = highest value – lowest value
values.
R = Hv – Lv

1. Find the range in the given set of data.

12 16 21 18 14 15 20 25 11 13
Solution: (Note: You may arrange the set of data from ascending to descending order or vice versa to
easily determine the highest and lowest value)
Highest value: 25 Lowest value: 11
Using the formula: Range = Highest value – Lowest value
Range = 25 – 11
R = 14

B. MEAN ABSOLUTE DEVIATION. It is the measure of variation that is influenced by all the data in the
distribution. It is the average amount by which any value in a distribution differs from the mean.
Ʃ |x−x|
Formula: MAD= where: x is the observation
n
x is the mean
n is the total number of observations

1. Consider the number of trees planted by 5 sections in Schools A and B.

School A: 80, 95, 100, 70, 120
School B: 85, 110, 150, 90, 60
Solution: For SCHOOL A
a. Find the mean: (Remember: Finding the mean of the ungrouped data)
Ʃx 80+95+100+70+120 465
x= = = =93
n 5 5
b. Make a table of values to compute for Ʃ |x−x| .
x |x−x| NOTE: ǀ ǀ stands for absolute
120 |120−93|=27 value.
100 |100−93|=7
80 |80−93|=13 Meaning to remove any
95 |95−93|=2 negative sign in front of a
70 |70−93|=23 number, and to think of all
Ʃ |x−x|=72 numbers as positive (or zero).

MODULE 3: MEASURE OF VARIABILITY

Math 7 | Q4 | Page 2 of 6
 c. Compute for the Mean Absolute Deviation.
Ʃ |x−x| 72
MAD= = =14.4
n 5

For SCHOOL B
a. Find the mean: (Remember: Finding the mean of the ungrouped data)
Ʃx 60+150+85+90+ 110 495
x= = = =99
n 5 5
b. Make a table of values to compute for Ʃ |x−x| .
x |x−x|
60 |60−99|=39
150 |150−99|=51
85 |85−99|=14
90 |90−99|=9
110 |110−99|=11
Ʃ |x−x|=124
c. Compute for the Mean Absolute Deviation.
Ʃ |x−x| 124
MAD= = =24.8
n 5
CONCLUSION: The value of the mean absolute deviation indicates the spread or variability of the data. A
large value means the observations are widely dispersed or scattered about the mean as seen in School B, while
a small value means that the observations are quite close to the mean as seen in School A.

C. VARIANCE AND STANDARD DEVIATION.

The standard deviation is a measure of dispersion which depends upon the distance from the mean to each
other of the scores in a distribution. The standard deviation is presented by SD or by Greek letter sigma, σ.
The variance is the average of the squared deviations of each individual observation from the mean.
The simple variance for a sample with n observations is denoted by s2. To find the sample variance of an
ungrouped data set, use the formula:
2 Ʃ ( x− x )2
s=
n
where:
x is the sample mean
2
( x−x ) is the square of the deviation of each observation from the mean
n is the sum of frequencies

To get the sample standard deviation, get the square root of the sample variance,

√
2
Ʃ ( x−x )
s=
n
where:
x is the sample mean
2
( x−x ) is the square of the deviation of each observation from the mean
n is the sum of frequencies

STEPS IN FINDING THE STANDARD DEVIATION

1. Find the mean of the set of scores.
2. Find the difference (deviation) of each score from the mean.
3. Square each deviation.
4. Divide the sum of the square deviations by the number of scores (n). This is the variance.
5. Find the square root of the variance. That is the standard deviation.

1. Find the variance and standard deviation of the scores 6, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 14.
Solutions:
a. Find the mean of the scores.

MODULE 3: MEASURE OF VARIABILITY

Math 7 | Q4 | Page 3 of 6
 Ʃx 6+7+9+ 11+13+ 14
x= = =10
n 6
b. Make a table for the deviations.
Scores (x) Deviations from the Mean Deviation Squares
(x−x ) (x−x )2
6 −4 16
7 −3 9
9 −1 1
11 1 1
13 3 9
14 4 16
Ʃ ( x −x )2 =52
c. Solve for the variance.
Ʃ ( x− x )2
s2=
n
2 52
s=
6
2
s =8.67
d. Solve for the standard deviation. (The square root of the variance)

√
2
Ʃ ( x−x )
s=
n
s= √ 8.67
s ≈ 2.94
e. The variance of the scores is 8.67 while the standard deviation which is the square root of the
variance is 2.94.

COMPARISON OF THE MEASURES OF VARIABILITY

Measure of Advantages
Variability
RANGE 1. Easy to compute
2. Gives a unique value
3. Easy to understand
STANDARD 1. Most stable
DEVIATION 2. Gives a unique value
3. Most representative
4. Used in further computations
Disadvantages
1. Unstable from group to group
2. Not representative of the set of data, as it uses only 2
scores
3. Not used in further computation.
1. Affected by extreme scores
2. More difficult to compute and understand

LESSON 2: MEASURE OF VARIABILITY – GROUPED DATA

Range Range=upper class boundary of highest class interval−lower class boundary of lowest class int

Mean Absolute Ʃf |x m −x| where:

Deviation MAD=
n f is the frequency

MODULE 3: MEASURE OF VARIABILITY

Math 7 | Q4 | Page 4 of 6
 √
Standard Deviation Ʃf ( x m−x )
2

s= xm is the class mark

n (midpoint)

(√ )
Variance 2
2
2 Ʃf xm
2
Ʃf ( x m −x ) 2
Ʃf ( x m−x ) mean ( x ¿=
s= ∨s = n
(square of the SD) n n

1. The following table shows the distribution of the coin collections of 42 persons:
Number of Coins Frequency (f)
45 – 53 5
36 – 44 7
27 – 35 10
18 – 26 14
9 – 17 6
Find the following:
a. Range
b. Mean Absolute Deviation
c. Standard Deviation
d. Variance
Solutions:
a. Range.
Upper class boundary of the highest class interval: 53.5
Lower class boundary of the lowest class interval: 8.5
Range = 53.5 – 8.5
Range = 45
Make a table to find the MAD, SD and Variance.
Multiply

f xm
No. of fxm
Frequenc Class Compute for the Mean
coins
y Mark
5 • 49 = Ʃ f x m 1221
( x ¿= = =29.07
45 – 53 5 49 245 n 42
36 – 44 7 40 280
27 – 35 10 31 310 The mean is 29.07.
18 – 26 14 22 308
9 – 17 6 13 78
Ʃ fxm =
n = 42 1221

Multiply

Multiply Result
Result
Result
Multiply
xm
f
No. of Clas fxm
coins
Frequenc
s
|x m−x| f |x m −x| 2
( x m−x ) f ( x m −x )
2

y
Mark
5 • 49 = |49 – 29.07| 5 • 19.93 = 5 • 397.20
45 – 53 5 49 397.20
245 = 19.93 99.65 1986
36 – 44 7 40 280 |40 – 29.07| 76.51 119.46 836.22
MODULE 3: MEASURE OF VARIABILITY
Math 7 | Q4 | Page 5 of 6
 = 10.93
|31 – 29.07| 37.2
19.30 3.72
27 – 35 10 31 310 = 1.93
|22 – 29.07| 699.72
98.98 49.98
18 – 26 14 22 308 = 7.07
|13 – 29.07| 1549.44
96.42 258.24
9 – 17 6 13 78 = 16.07
Note: Get Ʃf ( x m−x )2
Ʃf |x m−x|=
Ʃ fxm = the absolute =
value 390.86
n = 42 1221 5108.58

b. Find the MAD.

Ʃf |x m −x|
MAD=
n
390.86
MAD=
42
MAD=9.31
c. Find the Standard Deviation.

√
2
Ʃf ( x m−x )
s=
n
s=
√
5108.73
42
s=11.03
d. Find the variance.
2
2
Ʃf ( x m−x )
s=
n
2 5108.73
s=
42
2
s =121.64

References:

Dizon, Renalyn M., et.al (2021).

Math for Innovative Minds 7. Diwa Texbooks.
Nivera, Gladys C., PhD. (2018
Grade 7 Mathematics: Patterns and Practices.Don Bosco Press, Inc.

--- End of Module 2 ---

MODULE 3: MEASURE OF VARIABILITY

Math 7 | Q4 | Page 6 of 6