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Practical Research 2
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses,
and Kinds of Quantitative Research

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Vilma S. Ramirez
Editor: James V. Henson
Reviewer: Sernor Cherryl S. Gatchalian
Layout Artist: Froilan G. Isip

Management Team: Zenia G. Mostoles EdD, CESO V, SDS

Leonardo C. Canlas EdD CESE, ASDS
Rowena T. Quiambao CESE, ASDS
Celia R. Lacanlale PhD, CID Chief
Arceli S. Lopez PhD, SGOD Chief
June D. Cunanan EPS- English
Ruby M. Jimenez PhD, EPS-LRMDS

Published by the Department of Education, Schools Division of Pampanga

Office Address: High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes,
City of San Fernando, Pampanga
Telephone No: (045) 435-2728
E-mail Address: pampanga@deped.gov.ph

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 What I Know
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Practical Research 2 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses, and Kinds of Quantitative Research.
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from public
institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by
the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in
schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed
21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

For the Learner:

Welcome to the Practical Research 2 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses, and Kinds of Quantitative Research.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and
independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the
learning resource while being an active learner.

What I Need to Know

This module will assist you in encouraging the learners to identify and describe the
Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses, and Kinds of Quantitative Research that they can apply for
their research insights and guide them in conducting a quantitative type of research study.
It gives you the practice you need to expand on your research skills and improve your ability
to understand the content. Exploration in this module is very much opened and focus more in dealing
with the research process.
For the learner

“One of the roads to success is to use the source of bliss in the precise quantity, at the
accurate time and in the factual way, and there is nothing wrong quality”.
To quantify is one that exists in every range of scales, and can therefore be measured in any
particular quantifiable property are expressed as a specific quantity, In research, Quantity is
frequently used to gain a general sense of phenomena and to form theories that can be tested using
further quantitative research. So it is significant for you to understand and apply accuracy to measure
a definite answer.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
• Describe characteristics of quantitative research.
• Determine strengths, weaknesses of quantitative research.
• Identify the kinds of quantitative research

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Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which statement best describe Quantitative Research?

A. It is a research that can be considered and associated with books, journals, and libraries.
B. It is a state of action of making or proving an idea.
C. It is a task focused with discovering innovation in education
D. It is an organized and systematic way to acquire numerical data about global, national and local issues.
2. The following are the characteristics of quantitative research, except.
A. Draws figures, tables or graphs after summarizing the data collected in to show direction, relationship
or variations among variables
B. Find more comprehensive activity related to human action
C. Gather data before proposing a conclusion or identifying the result to a problem
D. Method can be continual to affirm findings in another scope, thus, strengthen and strengthen credibility
of collection, removing the possibility of actual assumption.
3. Which of the following accounts the characteristics of research where data are in a form of statistics?
A. Large Sample Size
B. Numerical Data
C. Objective
D. Repeated data
4. Which of the following ideas specify a quantitative study?
A. Attributes to deficiency disease among children
B. Perception of individuals about an issue related to emotion
C. Learner’s graded performance based from a given intervention
D. Unrestricted opinion to the corruption in our country
5. Quantitative research data generally consists of the following, except
A. Equations
B. Numerical figures
C. Open-Ended responses
D. Questionnaire Data
6. This can cite to its necessity to arrive at a more reliable data analysis as the characteristic of a
quantitative research.
A. Large Sample Size
B. Numerical data
C. Objective
D. Repeated data
7. The following statements were the weakness of quantitative research methods, except
A. Data can be very consistent, precise and reliable
B. Difficulty in data analysis.
C. Expensive and time consuming.
D. Improper representation of the target population.
8. The following are data generally characterized by quantitative research, except
A. Collected data that can be summarized with numbers.
B. Rated and scaled responses provide in response to questionnaire of every items.
C. Survey and questionnaire data.
D. Text, pictures, videos, sound recordings.
9. A researcher looks for the relationship between students’ standardized test scores and their family
annual income in a particular area. Her data can be described as
A. Experimental C. Qualitative
B. Observational D. Quantitative
10. Correlations are used for prediction. In this case, what does prediction mean?
A. Estimating the degree of cause-and-effect relationship
B. Estimating how the results will cause a theory to be reevaluated
C. Estimating what will happen on one variable in the future
D. Estimating the value of one variable, knowing the value of another

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 Lesson
Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses,
1 and Kinds of Quantitative Research

In Practical Research 2, is where the heart of inquiry lies on how can we describe Quantitative
Research and determine its strengths and weaknesses that we need to know. Getting to understand quantitative
research, one must have a review on how we can define Research in general. Added to this, learn some tips to
study quantitative research better.

Quantitative Research “Quantitative methods emphasize objective measurements and the statistical,
mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through polls, questionnaires, and surveys, or by
manipulating pre- existing statistical data using computational techniques. Quantitative research focuses on
gathering numerical data and generalizing it across groups of people
or to explain a particular phenomenon”.

Characteristics of Quantitative Research

Quantitative Research generates numerical data or information that can be
converted into numbers where measurable data are being gathered and analyzed. It is
focus more in counting and classifying features and constructing statistical models and
figures to explain what is observed.
Quantitative Research makes use of tools such as questionnaires, surveys, measurements and other
equipment to collect numerical or measurable data. The main activity for which quantitative research is especially
suited is the testing of hypotheses.
➢
The data is usually gathered using structured research instruments.
➢
The results are based on larger sample sizes that are representative of the population.
➢
The research study can usually be replicated or repeated, given its high reliability.
➢
Researcher has a clearly defined research question to which objective answers are sought.
➢
All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data is collected.
➢
Data are in the form of numbers and statistics, often arranged in tables, charts, figures, or other non-
textual forms.
➢
Project can be used to generalize concepts more widely, predict future results, or investigate
causal relationships.
➢
Researcher uses tools, such as questionnaires or computer software, to collect numerical data.
➢
The overarching aim of a quantitative research study is to classify features, count them, and construct
statistical models in an attempt to explain what is observed

Strengths of Quantitative Research

It is highly recommended for the late phase of research because it provides the researcher a clearer
picture of what to expect in his research.
Objective in approach in the sense that it only seeks precise measurements and analysis of target
concepts to answer his inquiry.
Use quantitative research at the end of a design process to measure improvement. Quantitative
research design is an excellent way of finalizing results and proving or disproving a hypothesis.
After statistical analysis of the results in conducting quantitative research, a comprehensive answer is
reached, and the results can be legitimately discussed and concluded.

Weaknesses of Quantitative Research

Quantitative experiments can be difficult, expensive and require a lot of time to perform. It must be
carefully planned to ensure that there is complete randomization and correct designation of control groups.
It is usually requires extensive statistical analysis, which can be difficult, due to most scientists not being
statisticians and the field of statistical study is a whole scientific discipline and can be difficult for non-
mathematicians.

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 It requires a successful statistical confirmation of results which are very stringent, with very few
experiments comprehensively proving a hypothesis; there is usually some uncertainty, which needs retesting and
refinement to the design. This means another investment of time and resources must be committed to fine-tune
the results.

It tends to generate only proved or unproven results, with there being very little room for depressing
areas and uncertainty.

What’s In

Read each statement below carefully. Place a T before each number if you think the statement is
TRUE. Place an F if you think the statement is FALSE.

1. Quantitative research tells the quality of some phenomena.

2. Quantitative data describes a variable.
3. Close ended question interviews can be conducted in quantitative research.
4. Quantitative research can give results in between of a range.
5. 5. Quantitative research design is an excellent way of finalizing results and proving or disproving a
hypothesis.
6. The purpose of evaluation is to see if a given program is not working or the original intent was not
successfully attained.
7. The data is usually gathered using structured research instruments.
8. Quantitative experiments is easy and not expensive and require a short time frame to perform.
9. Researcher has a clearly defined research question to which objective answers are sought.
10. Quantitative research study aims to classify features, count them, and construct statistical models in an
attempt to explain what is observed.

What’s New

Write ST if the sentence tells something on the strengths of a quantitative research and WK if the
sentence tells something on the weaknesses of a quantitative research.

1. An expensive and require a lot of time to conduct.

2. The results in conducting quantitative research reached a comprehensive answer and can be
legitimately discussed and concluded.
3. Quantitative experiments can be difficult and hard to analyze.
4. All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data is collected.
5. Provides the researcher a clearer picture of what to expect in his research.
6. It tends to generate only proved or unproven results.
7. Quantitative research is an excellent way of proving or disproving a hypothesis.
8. Quantitative design requires extensive statistical analysis
9. It only seeks precise measurements and analysis of target concepts to answer his inquiry.
10. There were being very little room for depressing areas and uncertainty.

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 What is It

Discussion of Activity 1

In writing your quantitative research, one must identify the appropriate design need to utilize for the
study, a researcher must have a prior knowledge to determine each types and know what problem that can lead
to use a particular method

Kinds of Quantitative Research

Descriptive Design - also referred as Survey Research that can be used to get more details and tries to find, to
describe the existing status of a variable or phenomenon. It should be applied to give a detailed description of the
phenomenon or some factor at the moment. When the data is finally gathered, only after that the researchers
start to develop a hypothesis. Or the researcher does not start with a hypothesis, but naturally develops one after
the data is collected. Data collection is mostly observational in natural situation.

Sample problems and/or research questions that can lead to descriptive research are:
> Business and Market researchers that want to observe habits and traits of consumers or brand users.
> Organization, company and a business industry that wants to assess the mental state and status of its staff.
> A school governance or division office that wants to understand if students will access online lessons rather
than textbooks, different learning modalities in time of emergencies like Pandemic.
> An educational institution to understand if its intervention and innovations or programs that increase the overall
academic performance of the students.

Correlational Design - explores the relationship between variables using statistical evaluation and use to receive
more statistical data. This design will study the relationships between the different variable factors through the
statistical data processing. If to speak about the information collection, then this type is intended for observations
without the exploration of cause and effect. Therefore, it is a non-experimental research method, and also mostly
observational in terms of data collection. The researcher measures two variables, understands and assesses the
statistical relationship between them with no influence from any extraneous variable.

Sample problems and/or research questions that can lead to correlational research are:

> The amount of money a person has might positively correlate with the number of most number of assets
and companies he has.
> The level of being educated might negatively correlate with poverty when an increase in one variable leads to
a decrease in another and vice versa.
> A millionaire assets and happiness is not correlated. This means an increase in money doesn’t lead to
happiness.
> A study between fatal disease and marriage, where two variables: fatal disease and marriage. In which
marriage has a negative correlation with fatal disease. This means that people who are married are less likely
to develop this kind of disease.

Quasi-Experimental Design - which is also known as Causal-Comparative method seeks to begin a cause-
effect relationship between two or more variables. The researcher does not assign groups and does not
manipulate the independent variable. There are usually selected control groups which participants are exposed to
these factors and this control groups are identified to the variable. Results are compared with results from group
not exposed to the variable. The Quasi-research is used in field settings where random assignment is either
irrelevant or not required.

Sample problems and/or research questions that can lead to Quasi-Experimental research are:

> Impact on the social network of participating teachers in the Global Teaching Management through using
differing frequencies of follow-up to assess impact on maintenance of network cohesion.
> Supporting the Production of Vaccine against COVID-19 and Use of Health Systems Research Syntheses That
Draw on Quasi-Experimental Study Designs

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 What’s More

Independent Activity 1

Identify and analyze the following statement that describes a research design. Choose your answer
from Descriptive Design, Correlational Design, Quasi-Experimental design and Experimental design.

1. A kind of research which is conducted with a scientific approach using two sets of variables.
2. It is a kind of non-experimental study in which relationships are assessed without manipulating
independent variables or randomly assigning participants to different conditions.
3. It is a type of research design where a researcher seeks to understand what kind of relationships naturally
occurring variables have with one another.
4. It is a scientific method which involves observing and explanatory in the behavior of a subject without
influencing it in any way.
5. A kind of research that involves the manipulation of an independent variable without the random assignment of
participants to conditions or orders of conditions.

Independent Assessment 1

By demonstrating an understanding of the topic, compare the type of quantitative research design with
one another. Fill out the table with required information. Identify its description and write example in each
research design.

Kinds of Quantitative Research DESCRIPTION and Sample

1. Descriptive

2. Correlational

3. Experimental

4. Quasi-Experimental

Independent Activity 2

Directions: Identify the following statement about the characteristics of a quantitative research. If the statement
is correct write the word YES, If not write the correct answer on the space provided.

1. It can be describe in collecting empirical data.

2. It has none experimental control.
3. Manipulation of variable can be done.
4. Interpretation of results is usually biased because it is influenced by the researcher's perspective.
5. The data is usually gathered using structured research instruments.
6. This research used to collect non-numerical data
7. Data are in the form of numbers and statistics.
8. Research methods explain how and why something happens
9. This research study is to classify features and count them.
10. Data are often arranged in tables, charts, figures, or other non-textual forms

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Independent Assessment 2

Directions: Analyze the following statements and write a check ( ) on the space provided.
In which of the answer choices is a type of quantitative research design.

_____ 1. news from first-hand sources

_____ 2. observations of individual actions
_____ 3. television ratings
_____ 4. observing the life habits of a child with autism.
_____ 5.count how many pizzas a restaurant serves each night
_____ 6. finding out what the mixture of two colors define
_____ 7. frequency of using cellphone per day
_____ 8. impact of bullying among grade 7 learners
_____ 9. Opinions about anti-terrorism bill
____ 10. votes of each students on online learning

Independent Activity 3

Directions: Which from the following sentences describes the Characteristics of a Quantitative Research.
Draw heart ( ) inside the column before each number.

1. Data is in the form of words, pictures, or objects.

2. The data is usually gathered using structured research instruments.

3. It is not based upon numerical measurements and does not use numbers and statistical methods.
4. It tends to be associated with small-scale studies and holistic perspective, often studying a single
occurrence or small number of occurrence /case studies in great depth.
5. The research study can usually be replicated or repeated, given its high reliability

6. Data are in the form of numbers and statistics, often arranged in tables, charts, figures, or other non-
textual forms

7. Emphasis is on discovery rather than proof.

8. The results are based on larger sample sizes that are representative of population.

9. It tends to be associated with emergent research design, using a wide range of approaches.
10. Researcher has a clearly defined research question which objective answers are sought.

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 Independent Assessment 3

Match the kinds of Quantitative Research Design in Column A with their Sample Study in Column B.
Pick the appropriate letter and write your answer on a separate answer sheet.

Column A Column B Answer

A. Descriptive 1.Evaluating the Effect in On Line Learning among Grade
12 students .

B. Correlational 2.Implementing New Strategies in teaching Online over

Normal Classroom Based Teaching.

C. Quasi- Experimental 3.A study between two variables

D. Experimental 4.School Administration to understand if its intervention and

innovations or programs that increase the overall academic
performance of the students.

5. Assessing Learners Performance with aid of Pop

Culture Videos in Language Learning

What I Can Do

The Quantitative Research Design is one of the significant part of the research process. Without it, the
researcher would not be able to process what he/she would set out for to conduct a study. This may vary based
from the criteria to be viable and worthy of any research undertaking.

Direction: Given the existing situations in our province, country and the world, WRITE three (3) Possible
Quantitative Research Study that can be undertaken by a Senior high school student.

1.________________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by completing the chart below in 2-3
sentences.
I thought…

What were your thoughts

or ideas about
Characteristics of
Quantitative Research?

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 I learned that…

What new or additional

ideas did you learn after
taking up this lesson?

Assessment

Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

1. Which of the following types of quantitative research requires there to be a control group and an
experimental group?
A. Action research
B. Case study surveys
C. Experimental design
D. Pre- Existing data

2. Which research paradigm is most concerned about generalizing its

findings? A. Action research
B. Mixed-methods research
C. Qualitative research
D. Quantitative research

3. Which of the following BEST DESCRIBES quantitative research?

A. It is an activity concerned with finding new truth in education
B. It is an activity of producing or proving a theorem
C. It is an exploration associated with libraries, books and journals
D. It is a systematic process obtaining numerical information about the world

4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of quantitative research?

A. Data are gathered before proposing a conclusion or solution to a problem
B. Figures, tables or graphs showcase summarized data collection in order to show trends, relationship
or differences among variables
C. It seeks to gather a more comprehensive understanding of activities related to human behavior and
the attributes that rule such behavior
D. Method can be repeated to verify findings in another setting, thus, strengthen and reinforcing validity of
findings eliminating the possibility of spurious conclusions

5. Which of the following illustrates a quantitative study?

A. academic performance of high school students
B. attributes to malnutrition in children
C. public opinion to the corruption in our country
D. Stands given by every netizen on fake news

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 Additional Activities

Access Online

Use the link to access the research document. Then, read on the example of quantitative research.
Write a short essay about the article that will guide to conduct your own study.

A Quantitative Study of the Impact of Social Media Reviews on Brand Perception

This thesis can be categorized under the Influencer Marketing industry with respect to social media
initiatives. Influencer marketing is a modern tactic used by brands to enhance their visibility to their target
audience by using the services of influential people. The objective of this thesis is to quantify the impact of social
media reviews on brand perception. Specifically, this thesis focuses on two diverse media platforms commonly
used for sharing opinions about products or services by publishing audio-visual or textual reviews: YouTube and
Yelp. First, we quantitatively analyze the impact of YouTube reviews of Smartphones on the audience through
their response to these video reviews. Second, using our findings from 942 YouTube Smartphone reviews, we
introduce a statistical model to predict audience engagement on a given video. Finally, we apply our method of
quantifying the impact of reviews on the content published on Yelp.com in the restaurant industry. The results
from this validation show that our method can be generically applied to other social media platforms and
consumer-focused industries. Our method can be employed by brand managers to turn social media reviews into
real-time feedback mechanism in order to improve brand perception in the minds of their target audience.

Activity Sheet
Name:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
How are the data results analyzed and interpreted in the research? What method or instrument did
the researcher use? Explain.

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

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References

Bhat , A . 2021 QuestionPro, rettrieved from

https://www.questionpro.com/blog/correlational-research/

Joshi, N. 2015, A Quantitative Study of the Impact of Social Media Reviews on Brand
Perception

retrieved from https://arxiv.org/pdf/1710.08836.pdf

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