MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

Chapter 1: The Macroenvironment: Global Forces Shaping World Tourism and Hospitality

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l. Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to

i. Understand what tourism is and it’s definition;

ii. Explain the history of tourism and its importance;
iii. Interpret the relationship between tourism and hospitality.

ll. Values Integration

Orderliness Functionality Effectiveness Quality Oriented

lIl. Introduction

When we think of tourism, we think primarily of people who are visiting a particular place for
sightseeing, visiting friends and relatives, taking a vacation, and having a good time.
Tourism  comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual
environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes.
Tourism can be domestic (within the traveler’s own country) or international. They might spend
their leisure time engaging in various sports, sunbathing, talking, singing, taking rides, touring,
reading, or simply enjoying the environment. If we consider the subject further, we may include in
our definition of tourism people who are participating in a convention, a business conference, or
some other kind of business or professional activity, as well as those who are taking a study tour
under an expert guide or doing some kind of scientific research or study.

lV. Lesson

Definition of tourist building on the definition of tourism, a commonly accepted description of a

tourist is “someone who travels at least 80 km from his or her home for at least 24 hours”.

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The word hospitality predates the use of the word tourism, and first appeared in the 14th century.
It is Introduction to Tourism and Hospitality that is derived from the Latin hospes, which
encompasses the words guest, host, and foreigner. The word tourist appeared in print much later,
in 1772. William Theobald suggests that the word tour comes from Greek and Latin words for
circle and turn, and that tourism and tourist represent the activities of circling away from home,
and then returning. Historically, the ability to travel was reserved for royalty and the upper
classes. From ancient Roman times through to the 17th century, young men of high standing were
encouraged to travel through Europe on a “grand tour” (Chaney, 2000). Through the Middle Ages,
many societies encouraged the practice of religious pilgrimage.

Generally, there are two types of travelers; the business traveler and the ones who travels for
leisure. Understanding the difference between business and leisure travelers; The leisure industry
is the segment of business focused on recreation, entertainment, sports, and tourism. Business
travel is more limited. Generally, individuals are working while travelling, attending seminars,
conventions, and meetings but are doing so away from work and home.

The United Nations World Tourism Organization (1995) helps us break down this definition further
by stating tourists can be:

Domestic (residents of a given country travelling only within that country); it can be
categorized as (a) Inter Regional Tourists- moves from one region to another (b) Intra
Regional Tourists- moves from one province to another within one specific region.
Inbound (non-residents travelling in a given country)
Outbound (residents of one country travelling in another country) the scope of tourism,
therefore, is broad and encompasses a number of activities.

These visitors use all forms of transportation, from hiking in a wilderness park to flying in a jet to
an exciting city. Transportation can include taking a chairlift up a Colorado mountainside or
standing at the rail of a cruise ship looking across the blue Caribbean. Whether people travel by
one of these means or by car, motor coach, camper, train, taxi, motorbike, or bicycle, they are
taking a trip and thus are engaging in tourism.

Tourism and hospitality go hand in hand, the hospitality industry offer services such as;

Accommodation
Food and beverage services (commonly known as “F & B”)
Recreation and entertainment
Transportation
Travel services

As one of the world’s largest economic sectors, Travel & Tourism creates employment
opportunities, drives exports, cultural enrichments and generates prosperity across the world. The
sector, comprised of a wide range of industries, aims to serve and support domestic, international,
business and leisure visitors. Companies, large and small, in industries ranging from
accommodation and transportation to food & beverage, retail and culture and sports &
recreation, all strive to create products and services that bring people together, support
communities and celebrate the wonders that our world can offer.

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V. Exercise:

Answer the following questions correctly. (5 points each)

1. What is tourism?

2. Why people travel?

3. What is the biggest contribution of travel & tourism in an economic activity in most
countries around the world?

4. Why tourism is important in our society?

5. When was the word ‘tourism’ first used?

6. From the illustration below, how tourism and hospitality industry relate to each other?

7. What is the most significant impact in tourism and hospitality industry versus today’s
pandemic? (Write atleast 2 paragraphs) (10 pts)

8. What is your dream country to visit and why? (write atleast 2 paragraphs and paste a
picture of your chosen place/country) (10 pts)

9. What type of travelers are the pictures shown below?

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10. What type of travelers are the pictures shown below?

11. Site the difference between the business and leisure traveler.

VI. References:

i. World Travel and Tourism Council, world travel & tourism economic impact 2019,
Gloria Guevara Manzo.
ii. Principles of Tourism 1, Zenaida L. Cruz.
iii. Introduction to Tourism and Hospitality in BC, Morgan Westcott, editor.
iv. Tourism- principles, practices, philosophies. Charles R. Goeldner and J.R. Brent Ritchie.

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