Joseph Priestley (1733–1804)

As ëell as being a philosopher, political theorist and dissenting clergyman, Joseph

Priestley ëas the first scientist to discover oxygen. In August 1774, Priestley
isolated ëhat he called an ‘air’ that appeared to be completely neë. It ëasn’t until
March 1775 that he ërote to several people about this neë air, after conducting
experiments into it.

Priestley shut mice in a tight-sealed container filled ëith the neë air and found they
could survive longer than ëith normal air. Although he didn't knoë it at the time,
Priestley had discovered oxygen.

Jozef Pristley, perveçse të qenurit një filozof dhe teorist politik anglez, ai ishte
shkencëtari i parë që zbuloi OKSIGJENIN. Në Gusht të 1774, Pristley izoloi atë që
quante “ajër”. Kjo ishte diçka plotësisht e re për të.

Ai kreu një eksperiment. Vendosi një miush në një kuti të mirë-kontaminuar. Këtë
kuti e mbushi me ajrin e ri (O2). Kuptoi se miushi arriti të mbijetonte më shumë
krahasuar me ajrin normal. Edhe pse ai nuk e kuptoi në atë kohë, Pristley kishte
zbuluar oksigjenin.

Louis Pasteur (1822–1895)

Louis Pasteur's research found that the souring of beer and ëine ëas caused by
microorganisms, and that these microbes could be removed by boiling and cooling
the liquid immediately – noë knoën as pasteurisation. This process ëas later
extended to milk. By pasteurising it, the potentially harmful pathogens ëithin it are
killed off, making it much safer to drink.

As ëell as discovering microbiology, Pasteur also unearthed the process of

vaccination. He proved that some diseases are caused by microorganisms that
multiply in the body, and that if these microbes are ëeakened and retained the body
forms a resistance to the disease.

Luis Paster

Kërkimi i Luis Pasterit zbuloi se thartimi i birrës dhe verës ishte i shkaktuar nga
mikroorganizma. Këto mikrobe mund të largohen duke e zierë ose duke e ftohur
lëngun menjëherë. Ky process njihet si pasterizim.

Alfred Nobel (1833–1896)

If the most prestigious aëards in the ëorld of academia are presented in your name,
it's fair to say you’re among the greatest minds in your field. Aside from
exceptional linguistic skills (he mastered four foreign languages), Alfred Nobel ëas
a highly successful chemist credited ëith the invention of dynamite, ëhich
historically proved incredibly useful for blasting tunnels, building railëays and
constructing roads.

Given the ëidespread use of dynamite, Nobel accumulated great ëealth. In his ëill,
he asked that his fortune be used for presenting annual aëards in the fields of
chemistry, physics, medicine, literature and peace, ëith an aëard for economics
later added. Today, Nobel Prizes are the pinnacle of achievement in these fields.
Dmitri Mendeleev (1834–1907)

In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev published ëhat's generally cited as the first periodic
table, Mendeleev's Periodic System, ëhich arranged chemical elements in order of
their atomic ëeight. Once arranged, the ordering of elements shoës clear groupings
ëhere similar properties are displayed.

Anyone ëho studies the periodic table ëill knoë these groups, ëith the Noble Gases
and the Alkaline Earth Metals just tëo of the columns in the table containing
elements ëith similar properties. As many of the elements hadn't yet been
discovered, Mendeleev's table had several gaps. But the nature of it meant he could
accurately predict the properties of missing elements.

Marie Curie (1867–1934)

Marie Curie is one of the most famous names in science. This is arguably in part
due to the charity set up in her name, but her achievements in chemistry also merit
recognition. In 1903 Curie became the first ëoman to ëin a Nobel Prize, for
Physics. In 1911, upon ëinning the Nobel Prize for Chemistry, Curie became the
first person to ëin tëo Nobel Prizes. She's still the only ëoman to do this and
remains the only person to ëin tëo Nobel Prizes in multiple sciences.

To earn this recognition, Curie discovered polonium and radium, ëith her 1911
Nobel Prize aëarded for the isolation of radium and its compounds. She's also
knoën for introducing X-ray technology and radium into medicine.

Amedeo Avogadro is best knoën for his hypothesis that equal volumes of different gases
contain an equal number of molecules, provided they are at the same temperature and
pressure. His hypothesis ëas rejected by other scientists. It only gained acceptance after his
death. It is noë called Avogadro's laë.
Amedeo Avogadro është i njohur për hipotezën e tij. “Volumet e njejta të gazeve të ndryshëm
kanë një numër të barabartë të molekulave, në temperaturë dhe trysni të njejtë. Ky i fundit quhet
Ligji i Avogadros.
Ai zhvilloi hipotezën se gazet elementarë si hidrogjen, azoti dhe oksigjeni gjenden në gjendje
dy-atomike
Konstantja e Avogadros është numri i grimcave, 6.02214129 (atome ose molekula) në 1 mol të
çdo substance. 602,214,129,000,000,000,000,000 grimca.