Reading and Writing

QUARTER 3
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
No. 1

Patterns of Development in Writing across Disciplines

Subject Area and Grade Level: READING AND WRITING

Activity Sheet No. 1

First Edition, 2021

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 8 – Division of Samar

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READING AND WRITING

Activity Sheet

Writer: Abegail A. Castillo

Evaluator:_____________________________

Illustrator: _________________________

Layout Artists: _______________________________

Reviewer: _____________________________________

Editor: ______________________________________

Carmela R. Tamayo EdD., CESO V – Schools Division Superintendent

Moises D. Labian Jr. PhD., CESO VI – Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

Antonio F. Caveiro PhD. - Chief Education Supervisor, CID

Gina L. Palines PhD. – EPS – Science/ Senior High Coor.

Josefina F. Dacallos EdD. – PSDS/LRMS Manager Designate

Anita A. Aguilar - District Head

Rodolfo J. Nabual - School Head

 READING AND WRITING

Learning Area

Name of Learner: _______________________ Grade Level: __________

Section: __________________________________ Date: ________________
School: ____________________________________

Patterns of Development in Writing across Disciplines

Title

I. Introduction:

Writers write for a purpose either to narrate, describe, define, classify, compare,
contrast, persuade or show cause and effect or problem-solution relationships. The
selection of patterns of development in writing is dependable on the writer’s purpose.

II. MELC (with code)

After going through this module, you are expected to be able to:
 Distinguish between and among patterns of development in writing across
disciplines
EN11/12RWSIIIbf-3)

III. Strategy:
IV.
A. Explore:

Activity 1. Complete the statements about paragraph writing from the

pool of words below.

(Marish, Book festival concept illustration-a group of tiny people reading a huge
open book)
 1. A ___________ is composed of sentences that are related to develop a
central idea.
2. The ___________________ states the main idea of a paragraph.
3. There should be a smooth flow of connection between and among ideas
and sentences in a paragraph to achieve _____________.
4. ________________ are information and/or facts that serve as evidence,
explanation or examples. They help readers gain full understanding of
the main idea.
5. It is important to select and ______________ ideas and details when
writing a paragraph.

B. Learn:

Read the poem below about patterns of development in writing.

Writing needs direction before your ideas slip away

Let these patterns in writing help you, if they may

If you tell a story of what happened, narration is the way

Description is when large, sweet or soft are words you say

If you tell the meaning of a concept, term or subject

And explain what something is, definition is what you expect

Put items related in categories or groups in any way,

Classification is definitely the game you play

Stating the reason and result, that’s cause and effect

You want to convince readers? Persuasion is perfect

When there’s an issue or problem and a solution is made today

Obviously, problem- solution pattern is on display

If similarities and differences are the ideas you collect

then comparison and contrast pattern is what you reflect

These are the patterns of developing the thoughts in your head

Remember that to achieve a particular purpose in the end,
information in a written text may be organized and selected.
 Writing is one basic and important skill one should have in order to
communicate, whether it be for the humanities, sciences or business. Under
these various disciplines or fields where writing is required, we need to determine
which writing pattern is best to use. The Humanities may involve writing
literature reviews, book reports, literary analyses, essays, critical reviews, and
argumentative papers. The Sciences have natural, social, formal and applied
science. Writing for this discipline calls for precise use of terms, simple and direct
language, objectivity and clarity. As for Business, we have memos, claim letters,
economic research papers, résumés, school application essays, scholarship
application letters, and business proposals.

There are things you may want to write first before speaking since writing will
give you more time to think of what you want to say. As a student, you may have
already encountered different writing tasks. By this time, you may have also
developed your own way of expressing your thoughts through writing.

Composing paragraphs, essays or short answers for your homework are some
of the instances when you have to write. When you write, you need to know your
reason. Why do you need to write? What are you writing for? This sounds a little
difficult in the beginning. That is why it is necessary that you organize your ideas
first. How do you organize your ideas? Arranging your thoughts will depend on
the purpose you have for writing, hence, there are patterns of written texts across
disciplines.

The different patterns of development of these written texts across disciplines will
help you find the direction of the thoughts and ideas you write.

Some of the patterns may have similarities and differences that distinguish one
from the others. To help you tell apart a specific pattern, look into the distinctive
characteristics it has.
Patterns of Written Texts

Narration
This paragraph follows a chronological order of writing. It uses transition
words such as first, then, soon, after, suddenly, etc., to maintain coherence and
show movement. In telling a story, it employs action words like verbs and adverbs,
and phrases that signal time to make the text more engaging to the readers.
Transitional devices include first, then, soon, after, and suddenly

Example:
He came and delivered the speech. Then he left the arena right after the last line.
His constituents followed him eventually.

Description
In this pattern, transitional words are used to indicate location. Details
referring to physical aspects like how the subject looks, sounds, feels, smells, or
even tastes like are the ingredients of this method development. Observations
need to be specific to encourage imaginative thinking. Transitional devices
include sensory language.

Example:
As the sun sets towards the western horizon, the sky portrays a perfect
masterpiece. It is brimming with the colors of the spectrum in shades of red and
blue.

Definition
A paragraph using this pattern can develop texts in varied ways. A term is
defined, its class, and its specific details. You can define by characteristics,
function, what it is not, and what it is similar to, such as origins or effect. It can
be scientific or subjective. Transitional devices include scientific/subjective.

Example:
You say that someone is magniloquent when he uses extravagant words in writing.

Exemplification
This sort of text utilizes detailed illustrations for clarification. It can be in the form
of a story, an anecdote, a quotation, or a statistic. Transitional devices include
words for illustration.

Example:
It is very important to stay healthy. Eating the right food for your heart can help
prevent cardiovascular diseases. Common examples of food that can keep your
heart are black beans, salmon, tuna, fresh herbs, and the like.
Comparison and Contrast
A paragraph that shows comparison and contrast answers how the subjects are
the same or not. Comparison examines how subjects are similar, while contrast
emphasizes how subjects are different. For comparison, it uses signal words like
similarly, in the same way, likewise, in like manner, in a similar fashion, etc.
Contrast uses signal words such as yet, nevertheless, nonetheless, after all, but
though, otherwise, on the other hand, notwithstanding, etc.

Example:
They say identical twins are similar in almost everything. However, this is not true.
No one is truly the same. We are designed to be unique in our way

Cause and Effect

This technique explores why things happen and what happens as a result. Words
that show effect are, for this reason, it follows, as a result, as a consequence,
thus, therefore, etc. Transitional devices include because, since, is due to, is
caused by, for this reason, it follows, as a result, and so.

Example:
When water droplets join together, it becomes heavy. This is caused by the rise
and cool of water vapor, which forms clouds in the sky. As a result, there will be
rain.

Process analysis
It describes how things work, involving a series of steps in chronological ordering.
Transitional expressions such as first, second, then, and finally are used.
Transitional devices include first, second, then, and finally.

Example:
How can you develop yourself? First, you must learn good habits. Start by waking
early in the morning to set the mood of the day. Second, spend time in prayer and
meditation. Third, establish discipline. Make a checklist of your goals. You can even
make a weekly plan. Lastly, monitor your growth. If you fail at some point, try to
recover by focusing on improving your weaknesses and building your strengths.

Division and Classification

A single subject is targeted and broken down into components. Items are being
grouped into categories based on the features they share. In division, a category
is divided into subcategories, while in classification, the writer develops criteria
in the subcategories based on their relationship. The writer who uses this pattern
must have a strong sense of purpose.
Example:
There are various types of learners. They can usually be classified as either "The
Average Joe," "The Slacker," or "The Eager Beaver." Average Joe usually studies
well for exams and shows up in class. On the other hand, the Slacker misses a
class and can be easily identified as always using headphones wherever he goes.
On a different scale, the Eager Beaver comes to class, nods his head, always in-
class discussion, and stays after class.

Problem-solution
A problem is being presented and a solution. Why it has become a problem is also
discussed, leading to a conclusion highlighting the connection between the
problem and solution. Transitional devices include the answer, challenge, need,
difficulty, dilemma, enigma, improve, indicate, issue, plan a need, problem,
propose, remedied, resolve, respond to, solve, and suggest.

Example:
Poverty is a word to beat. The whole world thrives on getting rid of this seemingly
irresistible dilemma. All around the globe, the government, together with the private
sectors and other agencies, unite to improve society's condition, most especially the
far-flung areas. Leaders from different countries gather in this weeklong forum to
discuss resolutions and plans for action.

Persuasion
This method involves facts that make the paragraph more convincing. In giving
illustrations, signal words are used, such as first, next, last, etc. In answering
oppositions, words 6 such as, of course, some may say, nevertheless, and on the
other hand. When you draw generalizations, words like therefore, hence,
consequently, and thus are used.

Example:
Let us all get rid of apathy! First off, it is a poison to the soul. Also, it is not beneficial
to relationships. Let us learn to sympathize with others and love genuinely. Life is
something to celebrate. Spend every day thinking about how you can help those
who are in need. Of course, you are a blessing!

C. Engage:

Activity 2. LIST AND MATCH

Let us have a brief check. What are the patterns of development in
writing mentioned in the poem?
A. List down the underlined patterns according to how they were stated in the
poem.

B. Match the pattern of writing above with its description below.

a. It tells why something happens and what happens after. It explains how an
incident or action produces results. It is fitting for argumentation, explanation
or narration. The writer may begin from the cause, followed by the effect or from
the effect, followed by the cause.

b. This presents how a thing, person or a certain subject is similar or different

from another. It is concerned with how alike (compare) or unlike (contrast)
someone or something is from someone or something else.

c. It gives the meaning of an idea, concept or word and may specify certain limits
of its meaning. This is commonly used in writing scientific research or term
papers.

d. This pattern aims to create a picture in the minds of the reader by using
adjectives and words that appeal to the senses. Its purpose is to help the readers
imagine what the writer saw, heard, smelled, tasted, felt or experienced.
 e. This is done by noting relationships among things. Particular items are placed
in categories that distinguish them from the other groups of kinds based on
certain principles or bases.

f. It presents logically- arranged events which should also describe what

happened and when, where, how and why something occurred. This is usually
told with action words. It should appeal to readers’ feelings and understanding.
Events are organized according to time or chronology so transitional devices
used are usually first, second, next, then, finally and others that denote time.

g. The intention of this pattern is to convince or influence the reader to do or

believe in a certain idea or perception.

h. This pattern identifies an issue or a problem and posts a suggested solution

to solve it. It may be compared to cause and effect pattern. It is different because
it presents a solution to the problem while cause and effect just provides the
effects of the problem.

D. Apply: Congratulations for making it this far! You’re almost done.

Before you proceed to your next lesson, let us test your mastery. Today’s
task is to read the following paragraphs and determine which pattern of
development in writing is used. Are you ready? Here are the paragraphs.

1. Caring for yourself during these times is also caring for others. When we are
allowed to go outside our houses, we should obey health practices. Some are skeptic
about wearing masks. Others are still in doubt when asked to wash hands often or
use alcohol and sanitizer. There are also people who question the need to maintain
distance from each other in public areas.
These safety measures are set because they are proven to be helpful in
preventing the spread of the virus. They are not mere wishes to make our lives
difficult. We are asked to do these health protocols because we are still in
danger with the rising number of COVID-19 cases. Be responsible for yourself so
that you will not be the reason for others to catch the virus. If you care for your
loved ones, you must take care of yourself first. You do not want to be the one
bringing the virus to your home.

2. The word quarantine is such a familiar one to almost everyone who are aware
of the pandemic today. According to the Merriam- Webster dictionary online, it is a
noun that has several meanings. It states that it is a period of 40 days. It may also
be a term during which a ship arriving in port and suspected of carrying contagious
disease is held in isolation from the shore. Also, it means a restraint upon the
activities or communication of persons or the transport of goods designed to prevent
the spread of disease or pests. It is also defined as a state of enforced isolation. For
us, who have been in community quarantine for more or less three months, we know
that quarantine means staying at home and waiting for the situation to be better. It
is a condition wherein only those who have quarantine pass are allowed to go out
for essential needs of the family. For others, the concept quarantine may also be
equated to “no work, no pay” policy. Some may define it as something needed for
people who are sick or those who came from places with COVID-19 cases. On the
other hand, some probably sees quarantine as something that takes away their right
to see family, relatives and friends. To sum it up, whatever or however we
understand quarantine, we need to follow it as a safety protocol since we are still
fighting this pandemic.

3. There are several similarities and differences between being a senior and
junior high school student. Being a senior and junior high school student both
require you to study hard to be able to get desirable outputs and decent grades.
Subjects are equally important to be given attention. It’s just that some subject
areas may be easier to deal with depending on different factors. The subjects in
senior high school (SHS) and junior high school (JHS) differ in a way that SHS
subjects are more specific areas that are deemed essential for the track and strand
you chose while in JHS, subjects are the general ones that we have since first grade,
just increasing in complexity. Another similarity is that when you enter SHS and
JHS, you have to prepare yourself to be a responsible part of the institution that
you will enroll in. You should be ready to follow the policy that the school
implements. Being a “senior” high student doesn’t mean you are superior or
anything and being a “junior” high student doesn’t mean that you are under those
in the SHS. The difference comes when there may be slight changes in the way rules
and regulations are applied and the gravity of reprimands you may receive as you
step up to higher grade levels or as you encounter different situations. In general,
whether there are similarity or difference in being a Senior or Junior high school
student, it’s is still up to you how you will handle it.

4. The Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has made people realize
many things. We are faced with an “invisible” enemy.
Many usual activities that some may have taken for granted are now things we miss
doing like shaking hands or hugging our buddies. Going out is now a privilege and
a great responsibility. Being at work and coming home from work has become a
battlefield. And having a stable income is a major struggle. Physical, as well as
mental stress are silently creeping in and we have to overcome them, while
being a “healthy” person. All these may just be the tip of the ice berg. There are a
lot more that can be unnamed but we have to face. How do we deal with things
new to everyone? How do we fight against these? Two significant attitudes emerge
from us in this unsolved puzzle- resilience and cooperation. We have proven to be
resilient in times of calamities. We are still able to flash a smile despite heavy
burdens. We have come out stronger every after storm, in a literal sense or not. We
are bent but not totally broken. What makes us take in everything, both the negative
and positive events is the sense of cooperation. Left and right, we see donors.
Ordinary people or the public figures go the extra mile just to share what they can.
We witness neighbors and strangers help each other in any way they can. We are
in the same boat and bad news cannot stop good hearts spreading hope to
those who need it. These are why we move forward in spite of the gigantic
obstacles we see ahead.

5. I have a panda-like brother. He has round, chubby face and tiny round eyes.
The circles under his eyes add to that panda look because of constantly wearing
glasses. His short, flat hair that perfectly fits his round face has white and gray
streaks already because of age. His hairy arms were quite short for his size or maybe
his weight makes them seem shorter than I expect them to be. His big paw-like
hands were soft and cuddly. That’s why his nephews and nieces love holding them.
He gives them big warm hugs whenever they visited him. He is one unique guy with
a big heart fit for a panda-looking bro.

6. There are several reasons why you need a good a study habit and its effects
will prove it beneficial. First, a good study habit is necessary since you are a student
who aims to pass the grade level you are in. That’s one basic objective anyone who
studies has. And if you pass, most probably, you, yourself and your loved ones will
be happy for the achievement. When you pass, it will be one step making you closer
to your goal. Second, a good study habit is important because you want to be ready.
This serves as your pre-determined plan that will help you get through your student
life easier. Having a regular review of your notes every 9 o’clock in the evening is
better than cramming to read all of your notes ten minutes before an exam. You will
be able to prepare for a quiz or test; may it be a surprise or not because you
habitually read your notes. Third, setting a good study habit is the same as training
your mind to work. In real life, when you have a habit of practicing, you know how
the saying goes. Practice makes perfect. If you practice good study habits, then you
are more likely to get the outcome that you expect. Who doesn’t want to see good
scores on his or her papers? These are just some of the causes and effects of having
good study habit. You may discover more if you actually do it.

7. I will never forget how I learned to ride a bike. It was the summer of 2000
when our mother bought us a new bicycle. We were all happy and excited to play
outside because of the new companion. We began self- learning. We took turns in
riding the bike with the hope that I will learn first.
Our friends had bicycles too so it was some kind of a competition who will be
able to get the right balance first. To cut the story short, I won the unofficial
contest of knowing how to ride the bike without training wheels. How did I do it?
Thanks to the angry dogs in our neighborhood. They were determined to teach me
drive the bike so fast that I forgot I didn’t know how to.

8. There are three classifications of Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases
according to the situation report – 101 of the World Health Organization (WHO)
which was based on data from national authorities on April 30, 2020. These are
suspect case, probable case and confirmed case. First, a person is categorized under
the suspect case if he or she has acute respiratory illness, that is, having fever and
at least one respiratory disease symptom like cough or shortness of breath, and a
travel history to or residence in a place where community transmission of COVID-
19 is reported during the 14 days preceding the start of showing signs. In addition,
a patient is also a suspect case if he or she has any acute respiratory illness and
had contact with a confirmed or probable COVID-19 case in the last 14 days prior
to symptom onset. Lastly, one is considered a suspect case is he or she has severe
acute respiratory illness, with fever and at least one sign of respiratory disease such
as cough or shortness of breath to the extent that the person requires
hospitalization, and when there is no alternative diagnosis that fully explains the
condition. Second, a patient is a classified as probable case if he or she is a suspect
case but the result of testing for the COVID-19 virus is inconclusive or questionable
which should be reported by the laboratory. Another situation a patient is a probable
case is when a suspect case could not undergo testing for COVID-19 for whatever
reason. Third, a person is a confirmed case if he or she has a laboratory confirmation
of COVID-19 infection, regardless of clinical signs and symptoms.

PERFORMANCE TASK: Tell Me Your Story

Directions: Try to remember someone that you were very close with. What were the
memorable experiences that you had with him/her? What were the things that you
enjoy doing with him/her? Do you still do these things now? Do you still have the same
closeness as before? Do you still have the drive to restore the closeness that you had
back then? Describe this person in detail. Use any narrative devices to illustrate how
your relationship was back then, now, and how you still want it to be. (Must have a
minimum of 100 words) Consider the rubric in writing. Write on a separate sheet of paper.
V. Guide Questions, if needed:
VI. Rubric:
SCORING GUIDE FOR THE PERORMANCE TASK:

VII. References:
VIII. Key to Correct Answers:

ACTIVITY 1 ACTIVITY 2

1. paragraph LIST AND MATCH

2. topic sentence
3. coherence 1. Narration F
4. supporting details 2. Description D
5. organize 3. Definition C
4. Classification E
5. Cause and effect A
6. Persuasion G
7. Problem-solution H
8. Comparison and contrast B

Prepared by:

ABEGAIL A. CASTILLO
Subject Teacher

Checked and Verified by:

JULIEBETH B. TAGARINO
SHS Department Head

Noted:

RODOLFO J. NABUAL, PhD

Secondary School Principal IV