Advanced Version of

Programmable Logic
Controller (AVoPLC)

By:
Engr. Muhammad Rafay Khan
Assistant Professor
SSUET, Electronics Department
PEC, IEEEP, IEP, AMOUBA & RF
Contents

1. Introduction
1.1 Automation
2.2 Control
2.3 Programmable Logic Controllers
2.3.1 PLCs: Definition and History
2.3.2 PLCs: Kinds
2.3.3 PLCs: Functions and construction
2.3.4 Continuous and Discrete Control
2.3.5 PLC Programming Languages
2.3.5.1 IEC 61131 Languages
2.3.5.2 Function blocks
2.3.5.3 Program Execution
2.3.5.4 Input / Output
2.3.5.5 Structured Text
2.3.5.6 Sequential Function Charts
2.3.5.7 Ladder Logic
2.3.5.8 Instruction Lists
2.3.5.9 Programming environment

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2.3 Ideal Defination By Muhammad Rafay Khan

PROGARAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER

“is an Industrial Computer to control Industrial Equipment.”
.

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The PLC System
The PLC System

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Programmable Logic Controller

Invented in 1968 as a substitute for hardwired relay panel

“A digitally operating electronic apparatus which uses a

programmable memory for the internal storage of instructions by
implementing specific functions such as logic sequencing, timing,
counting, and arithmetic to control, through digital or analog
input/output modules, various types of machines or processes. The
digital computer which is used to perform the functions of a
programmable controller is considered to be within this scope.
Excluded are drum and other similar mechanical sequencing
controllers”.
National Electrical Manufacturing Association (NEMA)

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History
The first PLC systems evolved from the conventional computer in
the late 1960s and early 1970s. This first PLC s was installed
primarily in automotive plants. It was renowned as “Wire Logic
controller” and also called as “Traditional Control System”.

Traditionally the auto plants had to be shutdown for up to a month

at model changeover time.

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History

In late 1960s, General motors were interested in the application of

computers to replace the relay based control of its automated car
plants. Two independent companies MODICON and ALLEN BRADLEY
responded to this and produced a computer system.
The computer was designed to live in the industrial environment and
connected to the outside world via RACKS into which INPUT or
OUTPUT CARDS could be plugged. Each card would accept 16 inputs
or drive 16 outputs. A rack of 8 cards could thus be connected to 128
devices!

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History
Early PLC System

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Contents

1. Introduction
1.1 Automation
2.2 Control
2.3 Programmable Logic Controllers
2.3.1 PLCs: Definition and History
2.3.2 WLC versus PLC
2.3.3 PLCs: Kinds
2.3.3 PLCs: Functions and construction
2.3.4 Continuous and Discrete Control
2.3.5 PLC Programming Languages
2.3.5.1 IEC 61131 Languages
2.3.5.2 Function blocks
2.3.5.3 Program Execution
2.3.5.4 Input / Output
2.3.5.5 Structured Text
2.3.5.6 Sequential Function Charts
2.3.5.7 Ladder Logic
2.3.5.8 Instruction Lists
2.3.5.9 Programming environment

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WLC versus PLC

CHANGE OF RULES
WLC must be rewired or it may take a month to accomplish the changes
the process and may be inconvenient and expensive.
While in Programmable Control System with out changing any wire and
altering drawing, we need to change the programmed or reprogram.

EXTRA FUNCTION
WLC require more space for additional equipment.
While PC systems has a variety of built-in function like relay, timers,
counters and sequences which is very easy to use such function to
develop the programming. And also it has an extra built-in space which
we called SPARE for using more I/O’s or replacing I/O’s in case of
damage.

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WLC versus PLC

RELIABILITY
No any test procedure for identifying the fault and whole system would be
tested step by step and no any time limit for fault identification in WLC.
While in PC system it is amenable to manufacturing method that include
automatic test procedure and can be identified the fault by CROSS
REFERENCE (available in software) and other than that by testing the
program very easily
COMMUNICATION
No any interconnection with the other system for the purpose of control,
supervision or reporting in WLC.
While in PC system there is a Communication module for the purpose of
smaller to larger scale to control system and for changing and
supervision or monitoring it can also used as a Network System for
monitoring and controlling the system like DCS and SCADA which we will
discussed later

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Question related to wlc v/s Plc

Q:Why are programmable controllers so common?

Because they are cost-effective and have significant

advantages over traditional control systems based on
relays.

Q:Where are they used?

In virtually every industry where automation is involved,

from individual machines to whole processes, in
commercial, institutional and industrial premises.

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Differences B/w Hard-wired & Programmable Systems
WLC V/S PC System

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