]B VV>VD

n>V| ]D >[ \]|D

VV>V ]t_ Fbahdth;fs; rKfj;jpypUe;J rf;jp

(Economic Planning) tha;e;j njhopw;Jiwahf khw;w
 nghUshjhuj; jpl;lkply; vd;gJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;ij Nehf;fkhf
,d;iwa tsUk; ehLfSf;F nfhz;L mwpKfg;gLj;jpdh;.
,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. tsh;e;j  1930k; Mz;L ];lhypd; gy jPtpukhd
ehLfs; nghUshjhu epiy nghUshjhu nfhs;iffis
ghl;bw;fhfTk;> tsUk; ehLfs; eilKiwf;F nfhz;L te;jhh;. ,J
nghUshjhu tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; Nrhtpaj; u\;ahit Ntshz;Jiw
Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhfTk; jpl;lkpL kw;Wk; njhopy; Jiwapy; gy
fpd;wd. khw;wq;fis nra;jJ. Kjyhypj;Jt
]t|>o[ kV nghUshjhu nfhs;ifapypUe;J
 Nrhtpaj; u\;ahtpy; 1917 k; Mz;by; fl;lis nghUshjhuj;jpw;F
u\;a Gul;rpf;F gpd;G 1918 Kjy; 1921 khw;wpaJ.
Mk; Mz;L tiu fk;A+dprg; Nghh; ]t|>o[ ^
ele;jJ. mjd; gpd;G 1921 Kjy; 1924  jpl;lkpLjYf;F xU typik kpf;f>
tiu Gjpa nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffs; jFjptha;e;j kw;Wk; Coyw;w Ml;rp
elg;gpy; ,Ue;jd. 1924 Kjy; muR nra;jy; mtrpakhdJ vd;W Mh;jh;
fpilf;ff; $ba tsq;fisg; gw;wp Y}ap]; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. Mdhy;
ngUk;ghyhd tsh;r;rp Fiwe;j
tphpthd Ma;T Nkw;nfhz;L
ehLfspy; mj;jifa ey;yuRfs;
1928 Mk; Mz;L jdJ KjyhtJ
,y;iy. vdNt jpl;lkpLjypy; tsh;e;j
Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;jpid nray;gLj;jp ehLfis tpl tsUk; ehLfs; mjpf
mjpy; ntw;wpAk; fz;lJ. 1920k; rpf;fy;fis re;jpj;jd. NkYk; tsUk;
Mz;L N[hrg; Nrhtpaj; u\;ahtpy; ehLfspy; Ntshz;ikia rhh;e;j


 ]B VV>VD

epiyAk;> mjpf kf;fs; njhif kpf Ntfkhf eilKiwg;gLj;jp

mOj;jKk; jpl;lkpLjypy; NtW mjd; Nehf;fq;fis mila KbAk;.
Kf;fpa gpur;ridfshf ,Ue;jd. ,jd; jPik ahnjdpy; muR xU
Kjyhspj;Jtg; nghUshjhuj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l hPjpahd Kd;Dhpikia
(v.fh. ,q;fpyhe;J) gFjp rhh;e;j mDgtpj;J Nghl;bapd;ikahy;
jpl;lkply; (Partial Planning) fhzg;gLk;. muRf;F nrhe;jkhd cw;gj;jp myfpd;
rkj;Jtg; nghUshjhuj;jpy;; (v.fh.
cw;gj;jpj; jpwid ghpNrhjpf;f
u\;ah) KOikahdj; jpl;lkplg;gl;l
fbdkhd epiyia cUthf;FfpwJ.
nghUshjhu mikg;G ,Uf;Fk;.
fyg;Gg; nghUshjhuj;jpy; (v.fh.
2. #|D ]D
(Planning by Inducement)
,e;jpah) jdpahh;Jiw kw;Wk;
nghJj;Jiw ,uz;LNk jpl;lkpLjypy;  ,J fyg;Gg; nghUshjhuk; nfhz;l
kpf Kf;fpag; gq;fpid tfpf;Fk;. FbauR ehLfspy; (,e;jpah)
fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,jpy; muR jdJ
][ k^:
(Types of Planning) Nehf;fq;fis epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf
1. ikaj; jpl;lk; (Centralised Planning) jdpahh; JiwfSf;F thpr;
2. J}z;Lk; jpl;lk; (Planning by rYiffs; kw;Wk; gpw Cf;fq;fis
Inducement) mspj;J jdpahh; Jiwia J}z;b
3. Rl;bf;fhl;Lk; jpl;lk; (Indicative tpl Ntz;Lk;. vdpDk; kf;fshl;rp
Planning)
jpl;lkpLjypy; nghJ kf;fSf;F
4. Roy; jpl;lk; (Rolling Plan)
jq;fs; fUj;ij ntspapl tha;g;G
1. \B ]D
(Centralised Planning) fpilj;jhYk; muR gpd;gw;Wk;
 ,J u\;ah Nghd;w rkj;Jtj; jpl;lkply; kf;fshl;rp eph;thf Kiwapy; Vw;gLk;
nfhz;l ehLfspy; fhzg;gLk;. ,J fhy jhkjq;fshy; jpl;lq;fis
Mizj;jpl;lk; (m) fl;lisj; jpl;lk; eilKiwg;gLj;JtjpYk; Nehf;fq;
vdg;gLk;. mjhtJ mbg;gilj; fis miltjpYk; kpfTk; Ntfkw;w
jPh;khdq;fshy; njhopy; Jiwf;F epiy fhzg;gLfpwJ.
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLg;gjh? my;yJ 3. V|D ]D
(Indicative Planning)
Ntshz;Jiwf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
 ,j;jifa jpl;lj;jpy; muR njhopy;
nfhLg;gjh? njhopy;Jiw vd;why;
KidNthUld; Kd;djhfNt
fduf njhopy;fSf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
fye;jhNyhrpf;f tuNtw;W jdJ
nfhLg;gjh? ,y;iy Efh;Tg; nghUs;
jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; Nehf;fq;fs;
njhopw;rhiyfSf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
Fwpj;J mth;fSld; MNyhrpj;J
nfhLg;gjh? vd;gJ Nghd;w
KbntLf;Fk;. ,jw;F rpwe;j
KbTfis muNr KbT nra;Ak;.
cjhuzk; gpuhd;R murpd; Rl;bf;
,jd; ed;ik ahnjdpy; jpl;lq;fis
fhl;Lk; jpl;lkhFk;. 1991 Mk;


 ]B VV>VD

Mz;bw;F gpwF jhuhskakhjy; Nehf;fq;fis epidtpy; nfhz;L

kw;Wk; jdpahh; kakhjy; nfhs;iffs; jahhpf;fg;gLk;.
gpd;gw;w gpd;G ,e;jpa jpl;lkpLjYk; ]BVs_ ]t|>o[ kV:
$l xU tifapy; Rl;bf; fhl;Lk; (History of Planning in India)
jpl;lkhfNt khwpaJ.  1934 Mk; Mz;L ikR+hpd; jpthd;
4. w_ ]D tp];Nt];tua;ahtpd; ‘jpl;lkpl;lg;
 xt;nthU tUlKk; jpl;lj;jpd; nghUshjhuk;” ‘The planned economy’
eilKiw kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ntspaplg;gl;lJ. (E}y;)
 ,e;j kjpg;gPl;bd; mbg;gilapy; mLj;j  1938 Mk; Mz;L ,e;jpa Njrpa
tUl jpl;lk; nray;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. fhq;fpu]hy; NeUtpd; jiyikapy;
 ,e;j jpl;lj;jpd; khjpup 1978-80fspy; ‘,e;jpa jpl;l Mizak;” (Njrpaj;
[djh murhy; (nkhuhh;[p Njrha;) jpl;l Mizak;) mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ.  1944 Mk; Mz;L ‘ghk;Ng jpl;lk;”
 ,jd; %ykhf tptrha kw;Wk; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. (nghUshjhu
mjd; njhlu;ghd Jiwfspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhd jpl;lk;)
Ntiytha;g;Gfis mjpfupf;fTk;>  1945-y; M.N. uhapd; ‘kf;fs; jpl;lk;”
Fbirj; njhopy; kw;Wk; rpW ntspahdJ. tptrhak; kw;Wk;
njhopw;rhiyfis ngUf;fTk; njhopy;Jiwf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
Fiwe;j tUkhdk; ngWk; mspj;jhh;.
tFg;gpdiu Fiwe;jgl;r Njitia  1946-y; S.N.mfh;thy; ehuhazd;
mila itf;fTk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mth;fshy; “fhe;jpaj; jpl;lk;”
mspf;fg;gl;lJ. ntspaplg;gl;lJ. ,jd; Nehf;fk;
VV>V ]t|> J[ xl;Lnkhj;j ,e;jpahtpd; %yk; kw;Wk;
fyhr;rhu epiyapid cah;j;Jjy;>
s>\V VD kBVk:
fpuhkg;Gwj; njhopy; kw;Wk;
1. FWfpa fhyj; jpl;lk; - Xuhz;L
jpl;lq;fs; - 1 Mz;L (Short Term Plan) Fbirj; njhopy;> fjh; njhopYf;F
2. eLg;gUtj; jpl;lk; - 5 year plan - 5 Kf;fpaj;Jtk;.
Mz;Lfs; (Midterm Plan)  1950-y; rh;Nthjaj; jpl;lj;ij J.P
3. njhiyNehf;Fj; jpl;lk; - 20 Kjy; 25 ehuhazd; ntspapl;lhh;.
Mz;Lfs; (Perspective Plan) ]BVs_]t|>o[>VuD
 xt;nthU Xuhz;Lj; jpl;lKk; \uD VD
Ie;jhz;L jpl;lq;fspd; Nehf;fq;
(Eradication and objectives of Planning
fis epidtpy; nfhz;L
jahhpf;fg;gLk;. in India)
 xt;nthU 5 Mz;Lj; jpl;lKk;  1950 Mk; Mz;L Njrpaj; jpl;lf;FO
njhiyNehf;F jpl;lq;fspd; epWtg;gl;lJ. ,jd; Kf;fpa
gzpahnjdpy; ‘ehl;L tsq;fis



rPhpa> gaDs;s kw;Wk; rkkhf ]z  Vk
gad;gLj;j jpl;lq;fis jPl;LjNy
MFk;.” jpl;lf;FOit njhlq;fpath;
[t`h;yhy; NeU.
 Mdhy; jw;NghJ jpl;lf;FO
mfw;wg;gl;L epjp MNahf; vd;w
FOtpid gh.[.f muR mikj;
Js;sJ. vdNt Ie;jhz;Lj; jpl;lKk;
KbTw;W xj;jp itf;fg;gl;lJ.
]B ]t|>o[ V^
(Objectives of Planning in India)
1. ehl;L tUkhdj;ij cah;j;Jjy;
2. Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;f;Fs; Fwpg;gpl;l
epiyapy; KjyPl;il cah;j;Jjy;.
3. tUkhd kw;Wk; nry;tg; gfph;tpy;
cs;s Vw;wj;jho;Tfis Fiwg;gNjhL
nghUshjhurf;jp tsq;fspd; kPJ
Ftpjiyf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;.
4. Ntiytha;g;Gfis tphpthf;Fjy;
5. Ntshz;ik> cw;gj;jpj; njhopw;rhiy
(Fwpg;ghf %yjdg; nghUl;fs;)
kw;Wk; thzpg nrYj;J rkdpiy
Mfpatw;wpd; tsh;r;rpj; jilfis
mfw;Wjy;.
6. Ntshz; cw;gj;jp jpwid mjpfhpj;jy;
kw;Wk; jhdpa cw;gj;jpapy; jd;dpiwit
miljy;> mbg;gil kw;Wk; fduf
njhopy; tsh;r;rpf;F Kd;Dhpik
mspj;jy;> may; ehl;L thzpg
re;ijapy; rhjfkhd may;ehl;L
nrYj;J rkepiyf;Fk; Kd;Dhpik
mspj;jy; Mfpad ,e;jpaj;
jpl;lkplypd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fq;fshf
,Ue;jJ.
]B VV>VD
 ,J kj;jpa mikr;ruit jPh;khdj;jpd;
%yk; njhlq;fg;gl;l murpay; rl;lk;
rhuh mikg;G.
 gpujkh; jpl;lf;FOtpd; jiytuhthh;.
 jpl;lf;FOtpd; Jizj; jiyth;
Nfgpdl; mikr;rh; me;j];J
cilath;.
 jpl;lf;FO jpl;l tiuit
cUthf;FfpwJ. mij Njrpa tsh;r;rp
fTd;rpy; mq;fPfhpf;fpwJ.
 Njrpa tsh;r;rp fTd;rpy; 1952
Mk; Mz;L Mf];L 6k; ehs;
Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
 gpujkh; Njrpa tsh;r;rp fTd;rpypd;
mYty; rhuh jiytuhthh;.
 kj;jpa Nfgpdl; mikr;rh;fs;> khepy
Kjy;th;fs;> epjpaikr;rh;fs;> Jiz
epiy MSeh;fs;> FbauR jiyth;
Ml;rp elf;Fk; khepyq;fspd;
MSeh;fs; MfpNahh; Njrpa tsh;r;rp
fTd;rpypd; cWg;gpdh;fs;.
 ehl;bd; tsq;fis kjpg;gPL
nra;jy;> jpl;lq;fis cUthf;Fjy;>
jpl;lq;fspd; Kd;Dhpikf;F Vw;g
tsq;fis gfph;e;jspf;f jPh;khdpj;jy;
Mfpad jpl;lf; FOtpd; Kf;fpa
gzpfs;.
 xt;nthU khepyKk; xU khepyj;
jpl;lf;FOit nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
 khepy Kjyikr;rh; khepyj;
jpl;lf;FOtpd; jiytuhthh;.

 5 fhyk; kw;Wk;
Nehf;fk; Fwpg;Gfs;
Mz;L khjphp
jpl;lk;
1 1 9 5 1 - 1 9 5 6 Ntshz; tsh;r;rp Kjyhk; Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;ij ghjpj;j Kf;fpa
(`uhh;L - (r%f Nkk;ghl;L jpl;lk;) fhuzpfs;: mfjpfs; tUif> gztPf;fk;> czTg;
Nlhkh; khjphp) gw;whf;Fiw
1. czT cw;gj;jpf;Fk; msT.
2. tptrhak; kw;Wk; rKjha Nkk;ghL>
3. ghrdk; kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp>
4. Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; jfty; njhlh;Gj;Jiw>
5. r%f Nritfs; kw;Wk; Gdh;tho;T Mfpatw;wpy;
mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;jJ
mdzfs;
1. gf;uheq;fs; mdz
2. `puhFl; mdz
3. Nkl;Lh; mdz
2 1 9 5 6 - 1 9 6 1 Jhpjkhd njhopy; kakhjy; ,uz;lhtJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;jpd;NghJ (1956)
(kfyNehgp]; Fwpg;ghf mbg;gil kw;Wk; njhopy; nfhs;if ntspaplg;gl;lJ. ,J njhopy;
khjphp) fduf njhopy; tsh;r;rpapy; Jiwapy; nghJ xOq;ifAk; rkjh;k rKjhaj;ijAk;
ehl;lk; fhl;baJ. typAWj;jpaJ. kfyNehgp]; khjphp Nrhtpaj;
ng];Lnkd; khjphpia (1928) mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;lJ.
1. fpuhkg; Gw ,e;jpahit rPuikj;jy;>
2. njhopy;Jiw tsh;r;rpf;fhd mbf;fiy ehl;Ljy;>
3. gpd;jq;fpa kf;fspd; tsh;r;rpf;fhf mjpf gl;;r
tha;g;Gfis cUthf;Fjy;
4. ehl;bd; midj;Jg; gFjpfSk; xNu rPuhf tsh;r;rp
miltij cWjp nra;jy; Mfpait ,j;jpl;lj;jpd;
Nehf;fq;fshf ,Ue;jd.
,Uk;G kw;Wk; v‡F njhopy;rhiyfs;


1. &h;Nfyh 2. gpyha; 3. Jh;fhg+h;
]B VV>VD
 3 1 9 6 1 - 1 9 6 6 Ntshz; kw;Wk; ,jd; Njhy;tpf;F rPdh Mf;fpukpg;G (1962)> ,e;Njh-
([hd; rhz;b njhopy;fSf;F rk ghfp];jhd; Nghh; (1965)> fLk; twl;rp (1965 - 66)
kw;Wk; rf;fu Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Mfpa %d;Wk; Kf;fpa fhuzq;fs;.
th;j;jp) ,Uk;G kw;Wk; v‡F njhopy;rhiyfs;
nghf;fhNuh
4 1 9 6 9 - 1 9 7 4 epiyahd tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; ,e;j fhy fl;lj;jpy; tpiythrp 61% cah;e;jJ.
(Myd; kNdh jw;rhh;G gq;fshNj\; mfjpfs; tUifAk; (1971) gUtkio
kw;Wk; mNrhf; ngha;j;jJk; ,e;j jpl;lj;ij ghjpj;j Kf;fpa
Uj;uh) fhuzpfshFk;.
1. kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj; juj;ij - Fwpg;ghf gpd;jq;fpa
kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj; juj;ij cah;j;JtNj
,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fk;.
2. cw;gj;jpiag; ngUf;FtJ kl;Lkpd;wp <l;lg;gl;l
nry;tj;ij kf;fs; midtUf;Fk; rkkhfg; gpupj;J
toq;FtJk; Kjyplj;ijg; ngw;wd.
3. ehl;bd; nry;tKk; nghUshjhu rf;jpAk; rpy
,lq;fspy; kl;LNk Ftpe;jpUf;fhky; mtw;iwg;
gutyhf;FtjJ jiyahag; gzp Mapw;W.
4. FLk;g fl;LghLj; jpl;lk;
5 1974-1979 tWik xopg;G (fhpgp ,e;j fhyfl;lj;jpy; Fiwe;jgl;r Njitf;fhd Njrpaj;
(D.D. jhh;) `l;lNth) ,jd; jhuf jpl;lk; nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. ‘tWikNa ntspNaW-
ke;jpukhf ,Ue;jJ. fh;gp `l;lNth” vd;Dk; Nfh\k; Kd;itf;fg;gl;lJ.
tsh;r;rp> rKjha ePjpapy; ,e;j fhy fl;lj;jpy; eph;zapf;fg;gl;l ,yf;fhd (4.4%)
ftdk; nrYj;Jjy; kw;Wk; tsh;r;rpia jhz;b 4.8% tsh;r;rpia nghUshjhuk;
jw;rhh;G miljypy; ftdk; mile;jJ.
nrYj;jpaJ. 1. cyf mstpy;> czTg;nghUl;fs;> cuk; Nghd;w
tptrha ,Lg;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; vz;nza;
Mfpatw;wpd; tpiyfs; ngupJk; cah;e;jd.
2. gztPf;fj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ mtruj;


Njitahf ,Ue;jJ.
]B VV>VD

3. 1974-78,d; kj;jpapy; ,e;jpa muR vLj;j

eltbf;iffs; gpw ehLfspd; ftdj;ij <h;j;jJ.
 6 1980-1985 nghUshjhuj;ij ,e;j jpl;lj;jpy; nghUshjhu tsh;r;rp eph;zapf;fg;gl;l
tphpthf;Fk; epiy fis 5.2% jhz;b 6% mile;jJ. ,J xU ntw;wpfukhd
cUthf;fp mjd; %yk; jpl;lkhFk;.
tWikia xopg;gij tWik> Ntiy ,y;yhj; jpz;lhl;lk; kw;Wk; r%f
Nehf;fkhf nfhz;lJ Vw;wj;jho;Tfs; Mfpatw;iwf; fisjy; Mfpait
,e;jj; jpl;lj;jpy; Kjyplk; ngw;wd.
7 1985-1990 czT> jhdpa cw;gj;jpia VohtJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;jpd; NghJk; nghUshjhu
Ntfg; gLj;Jtjd; %yk; tsh;r;rp eph;zapf;fg;gl;l ,yf;fhd 5% jhz;b 6%
Ntiy tha;g;gpid Mf ,Ue;jJ.
mjpfhpj;J midj;Jj; 1. czT jhdpa cw;gj;jp> Ntiytha;g;igg;
JiwfspYk; ngUf;Fjy; kw;Wk; kf;fspd; cw;gj;jpj; jpwidg;
cw;gj;jpj; jpwid cah;j;j ngUf;Fjy; Nghd;wit Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;wd.
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspj;jJ. 2. kpd;dD kw;Wk; jfty; njhopy;El;g KjyPLfs;
nra;ag;gl;ld.

8 1 9 9 2 - 1 9 9 7 kdpjts Nkk;ghl;bw;F vl;lhtJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;jpd; ,Wjp gjpg;G

([hd; kpy;yh; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspj;jJ. cUthf;fg;gLk; NghJ ehl;bd; nghUshjhuf;
khjphp) (Rl;bf;fhl;Lk; jpl;lk;) nfhs;ifapy; ngUj;j khw;wq;fshfpa jhuhskakhjy;>
jdpahh; kakhjy;> kw;Wk; cyf kakhjy; Nghd;w
khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;ld
1. mjpfkhd mstpy; Ntiytha;g;gpid
cUthf;Ftjd; %yk; ,e;j E}w;whz;bd;
,Wjpf;Fs; KO msT Ntiytha;g;gpid
vl;Ljy;.
2. kf;fspd; xj;Jiog;gpd; %yKk; Cf;fj; jpl;lq;fs;
kw;Wk; Cf;fj; njhiffis tpsf;fpf; nfhs;Sjy;
Mfpatw;wpd; %yKk; kf;fs; njhifiaf;
fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;.
3. midtUf;Fk; Muk;gf; fy;tp mspj;jy; kw;Wk; 15


Kjy; 35 taJ tiu cs;s kf;fsplj;J fhzg;gLk;
]B VV>VD

vOj;jwptpd;ikiag; Nghf;Fjy;.
 4. midtUf;Fk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l FbePh; toq;Fjy;>
mbg;gil kUj;Jt trjpfis mspj;jy;> Neha;
jLg;G Kiwfis mspj;jy; kw;Wk; Njhl;bg;
gzpfis mwNt xopj;jy;.
5. tptrha tsh;r;rp> gy;tifg; gaph;fisg; gaphply;
kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjp nra;af;$ba msTf;F jhdpa
cw;gj;jpiag; ngUf;Fjy;.
6. kpd;dhw;wy;> Nghf;Ftuj;J> jfty; njhlh;G kw;Wk;
ghrdk; Nghd;w mbg;gil fl;likg;G trjpfisg;
ngUf;fp tsh;r;rpg; gzpfisj; jilapd;wp ePbf;fr;
nra;jy;.
9 1997-2002 tsh;rr
; pAld; $ba ,j;jpl;lk; eph;zapf;fg;gl;l tsh;r;rpia milatpy;iy.
rKjhaePjp> rkj;Jtk;> ,f;fhyfl;lj;jpy; nghJj;Jiw apd; msT 18%
kf;fspd; jukhd Mf Fiwf;fg; gl;lJ. ,f;fhyj;jpy; kj;jpa> khepy
tho;f;if> Fiwe;jgl;r muRfspd; epjpahf;fg; gw;whf;Fiw mjpfhpj;jJ.
mbg;gil Njit> cw;gj;jp ,j;jpl;lj;jhy; 50 kpy;ypad; kf;fSf;F Ntiytha;ig
epiwe;j Ntiy tha;g;G> cUthf;f ,aytpy;iy.
tl;lhur; rkepiy kw;Wk; 1. Ntiytha;g;igg; ngUf;Fjy; kw;Wk; tWikia
jw;rhh;Gilikia fUj;jpy; xopg;G Mfpatw;Wf;fhf tptrhak; kw;Wk; fpuhkg;Gw
nfhz;L cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. Nkk;ghl;Lf;F Kd;Dhpik mspj;jy;.
2. tptiythrpfisf; fl;Lg;ghl;by; itj;jpUf;Fk;
mNj Neuj;jpy; tsh;r;rp Ntfj;ij mjpfhpj;jy;.
3. midtUf;Fk; Fwpg;ghf gpd;jq;fpa
r%fj;jpdUf;F czT kw;Wk; rj;Jzit cWjp
nra;jy;.
4. midtUf;Fk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l FbePu;> mbg;gil
Rfhjhu trjpfs;> mbg;gilf; fy;tp> jq;Fkplk;
Mfpatw;iw Fwpj;j fhy tiuaiwf;Fs; cWjp
nra;jy;.


]B VV>VD
 5. kf;fs; njhif tsh;r;rpiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;.
6. midj;J epiyfspYk; cs;s kf;fspd; xj;Jiog;G
kw;Wk; gq;Nfw;gpd; %yk; tsh;r;rpg; gzpfspd;
fhuzkhf Rw;Wr;R+oy; ghjpf;fg;glhky; fhj;jy;.
7. ngz;fs; kw;Wk; rKjhaj;jpy; gpd;jq;fpa ml;ltiz
,d kf;fs;> gpw gpd; jq;fpa ,dj;jth;fs; kw;Wk;
rpWghd;ik ,dj;jth; MfpNahUf;F mjpfhuk;
toq;Fjy;.
8. gQ;rhaj;J uh[;> $l;LwTr; rq;fq;fs; kw;Wk; Ra
cjtpf;FOf;fs; Mfpatw;wpy; kf;fspd; gq;fspg;ig
mjpfhpf;f Cf;fg;gLj;Jjy;.
9. Ra rhu;ig cUthf;Ftjw;fhd Kaw;rpfis
tYg;gLj;Jjy;.
10. kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj;juk;> Ntiy tha;g;G>
midj;Jg; G+Nfhsg; gFjpfSk; rPuhf tsh;r;rp
ngWtij cWjp nra;jy;.

10 2002-2007 Ntiytha;g;ig cU tWikia 2007f;Fs; 5% Fiwf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;

thf;Fjy; rkj;Jtk; 2012f;Fs; 15% Fiwf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 2007f;Fs;
kw;Wk; r%fePjpiag; midtUf;Fk; njhlf;ff;; fy;tp> 2007 f;Fs; fy;tp
gw;wpa gpur;ridfis mwpT ngw;wth;fs; vz;zpf;ifia 75% Mf
ntspg;gilahf mZFtij cah;j;Jjy;> rpWnjhopy; epWtdq;fSf;F 50 Nfhb
Nehf;f khff; nfhz;lJ. fld; 2007 y; fhL kw;Wk; kuq;fspd; 25% ghJfhg;Gk;>
2012y; 33% ghJfhg;Gk; mjpfhpj;jy;> midj;J
Cufq;fspYk; FbePh; trjpia 2012f;Fs; Vw;gLj;Jjy;
Kjypatw;iw Fwpf;Nfhshf nfhz;lJ.
1. tWikiaf; Fiwg;gJ
2. Ntiytha;g;igg; ngUf;FtJ
3. 2002k; Mz;L rh;t rpf;\ mgpahd;


]B VV>VD
 4. 2007k; Mz;Lf;Fs; midtUf;Fk; mbg;gilf;
fy;tpia vl;lr; nra;tJ.
5. kf;fs; njhif tsh;r;rp tpfpjj;ij 16.2
tpOf;fhlhff; Fiwg;gJ.
6. 2007k; Mz;Lf;Fs; fy;tp Vw;Nwhh; vz;zpf;ifia
vOgj;ije;J tpOf;fhlhf cau;j;JtJ.
7. Foe;ij ,wg;G tpfpjj;ij Fiwg;gJ.
8. NgW fhyj;jpy; ngz;fs; ,wf;Fk; tpfpjj;ijf;
Fiwg;gJ.
9. tdg;gug;ig mjpfhpg;gJ.
10. 2012k; Mz;Lf;Fs; midj;J fpuhkq;fSf;Fk;
ghJfhf;fg;gl;l FbePh; fpilf;f top nra;jy;.
11. khRgl;l midj;J MWfisAk; 2007-k;
Mz;Lf;Fs; J}a;ikg;gLj;JtJ
11 2007-2012 Ntiytha;g;ig ngUf;Fjy;> gjpNdhuhtJ Ie;jhz;Lj; jpl;lj;jpd; Kbtpy;
Ntfkhd kdpjts Nkk;ghL kw;Wk; ehl;bd; vOj;jwpT tpfpjj;ij 85% Mf;f ,yf;F
(k) mjpf epiyj;jd;ikAila eph;zapf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd; nkhj;;j nrytPL 36>44>718
cs;slf;fpa tsh;r;rp Mfpad tw;iw Nfhb
1. nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpia gj;J tpOf;fhL
tsh;r;rpia Nehf;fkhf nfhz;lJ.
msTf;F cah;j;Jjy;
Nehf;fp 2. vO E}W ,yl;rk; Ntiy tha;g;Gfis cUthf;Fjy;>
,jid Muk;gg; gs;spfspy; trjpfis Nkk;gLj;Jjy;.
mq;fPfhpj;jJ. 3. Foe;ij ,wg;G tpfpjj;ij 28Mff; Fiwj;jy;>
Njrpa midj;J fpuhkq;fSf;Fk; kpd; ,izg;G
tsh;r;rpf; FO toq;Fjy;> tdg;gug;gsit Ie;J tpOf;fhL Gs;sp
msTf;F cah;j;Jjy;.
12 2012-2017 jw;NghJ cs;s msit tpl eph;zapf;fg;gl;l 94> 215 nkfhthl; kpd; cw;gj;jpia
Jhpj> ePbj;j $Ljyhf 94> 215 nkfh vl;l mdy;kpd; epiyaq;fs; %yk; 63> 781 nkfhthl;Lk;>
e p i y j ; j thl; kpd;rhuj;ij mdy; Gdy; kpd; jpl;lq;fs; %yk; 9200 nkfhthl;Lk;> mZ
(k) mjpf kpd; epiyaq;fs;> Gdy; kpd; kpd; jpl;lq;fs; %yk; 2800 nkfhthl;Lk;> GJg;gpf;fj;
cs;slf;fpa epiyaq;fs;> mZ kw;Wk; jf;f tsq;fs; %yk; 18000 nkfhthl;Lk; cw;gj;jp

10
]B VV>VD

tsh;r;rp GJg;gpf;fj; jf;f tsq;fs; nra;a ,yf;F eph;zapf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

%yk; jahhpj;jy;.
 ]B VV>VD

 xU Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;jpy; midj;J 6 n>V| ][ kE

Mz;LfSf;F Fwpg;gpl;l ,yf;Ffs; s>^ (sV_)
,y;yhky; elg;G Mz;by; jpl;lj;jpd;
jpl;lk; ,yf;F milg;gl;lJ
nray; jpwidf; nfhz;L mLj;j
Mz;LfSf;fhd ,yf;Ffs; Kjy; 2.9% 2.9%
jPh;khdpf;fg;gLk;. ,uz;L 4.5% 4.3%
 1966-1969 Mfpa Mz;Lfspy; %d;W 5.6% 2.8%
jpl;l tpLKiw tplg;gl;lJ. me;j ehd;F 5.7% 3.3%
fhyq;fspd; %d;W Mz;Lj; Ie;J 4.4% 4.4%
jpl;lq;fs; (66-67> 67-68> 68-69) MW 5.2% 6%
nray;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. 1967-y; gRikg;
VO 5% 6%
Gul;rp Vw;gLj;jpaJ.
vl;L 5.6% 6.8%
w_ ]D
xd;gJ 6.5% 5.5%
 [djh fl;rp Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy;
cUthf;fg;gl;l 6tJ 5 Mz;L gj;J 8% 8%
jpl;lk; (1978-83) fhq;fpu]; Ml;rpf;F gjpndhd;W 9% 8.2%
te;j gpwF iftplg;gl;L GjpanjhU gdpnuz;L 8%
MwhtJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;ij (1980-  ,e;jpah tp\d; - 2020
85) cUthf;fpaJ. 1978 kw;Wk; 1979y;
Roy; jpl;lk; nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ.  jpl;lf;FO [dthp 23> 2003k;
 1990-92 f;F ,ilg;gl;l fhyq;fspy; md;W ,e;jpah tp\d; 2020 vd;w
ehl;bd; nfhs;ifapy; ngUj;j ,e;jpa nghUshjhuk; Fwpj;j Kd;
khw;wq;fshfpa jpwikkakhjy;> kjpg;gPl;bid ntspapl;lJ.
jdpahh; kakhjy; kw;Wk; cyf  ,t;twpf;if rpahk; gpurhj; Fg;jh
kakhjy; Nghd;w ngUj;j khw;wq;fs; vd;w jpl;lf;FO cWg;gpduhy;
Vw;gl;ld. cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
 Ie;jhz;Lj; jpl;lq;fs; nray;gLj;jg; > ]][ xB D^:
glhj fhyq;fs; 1966-69> kw;Wk;  2020 k; Mz;bw;Fs; Mz;LNjhWk;
1990-92 Mfpad. 1978-80 tiu tsh;r;rp tPjk; 9% Ntiyapd;ik>
eilKiwapy; ,Ue;j MwhtJ vOj;jwptpd;ik> tWik ePf;fg;gl
Ie;jhz;Lj; jpl;lk; ,ilapy; Ntz;Lk;.
iftplg;gl;lJ.

11
 ]B VV>VD

 jdpegh; tUkhdk; ,Uklq;fhf;fg;gl  1.35 gpy;ypad; (135 Nfhb) kf;fSf;F

Ntz;Lk; ey;y tho;f;if juj;ij Vw;gLj;jp
 6-14 tajpw;Fl;gl;l Foe;ijfs; juNtz;Lk;.
midtiuAk; gs;spf; $lj;jpy;  tUle;NjhWk; 2% Ntiytha;g;G
Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. tsh;r;rp> 20 Nfhb Gjpa Ntiytha;g;ig
cUthf;Fjy;.

•••

12