SENIOR

HIGH SCHOOL

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Quarter 1 – Week 1
Functions

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General Mathematics – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Week 1: Functions

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 Senior High School
Grade 11

General Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Week 1
Functions

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the General Mathematics Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module
on Functions!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators
both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator
in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to
help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body
of the module:

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the General Mathematics Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module
on Functions!
The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used
to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
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This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
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enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

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This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

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check what you already know about the lesson
What I Know
to take. If you get all the answers correctly
(100%), you may decide to skip this module.

This is a brief drill or review to help you link

What’s In
the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
What’s New
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

This section provides a brief discussion of the

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understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

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Additional Activities
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

This contains answers to all activities in the

Answer Key
module.

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At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.

2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.

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4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
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6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with
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If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
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not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

In this module, you will be introduced to the key concepts of functions divided
into four lessons. Lesson 1 discusses the definition and examples of function
and relation, including piecewise function and the representation of real-life
situations using functions. Lesson 2 tackles evaluation of functions, while
Lesson 3 explores operations on functions. Lesson 4 discusses problem solving
involving functions.

Each part of this module was developed to help you succeed in every lesson. If
you encounter any difficulty as you go on with the lesson, don’t hesitate to ask
your teacher for help.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. represent real-life situations using functions, including piecewise functions;
2. evaluate a function;
3. perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and composition of
functions; and,
4. solve problems involving functions.

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 What I Know

Directions: Read and understand each item then choose the letter of the best
answer. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

1. What do you call a relation in which each element of the domain

corresponds to exactly one element of the range?
A) Function B) Input C) Dependent D) Output

2. Which of the following relations is a function?

A) W= {(1,1), (1, −1), (4, −2), (4,2)} C) Y= {(4,5), (4,6), (5,5), (5,6)}
B) X= {(0,1), (1,2), (2,3), (3,4)} D) Z= {(7,1), (7,2), (7,3)}

3. Determine the domain of the function represented by the table of values

below.
𝑥 0 1 2 3 4
𝑦 1 4 9 16 25
A) D:{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 16, 25} C) D:{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
B) D: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25
{ } D) D:{1, 4, 3, 16}

4. Evaluate the function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 4 given 𝑥 = −3.

A) 7 B) 1 C) −1 D) −12

5. Louie works in a fast-food restaurant where he earns ₱420.00 per day.

Which of the following expresses his total salary 𝑺 as a function of the
number of days 𝒏 that he works?
420
A) 𝑆(𝑛) = 420𝑛 C) 𝑆(𝑛) =
𝑛
B) 𝑆(𝑛) = 420 + 𝑛 D) 𝑆(𝑛) = 420 − 𝑛

6. Given ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 1, find ℎ(𝑚 + 2).

A) 𝑚 + 1 C) 𝑚2 + 4𝑚 + 3
B) 𝑚2 + 3 D) 𝑚 + 3

7. Given 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 8 and 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 9, find (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥).

A) 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 C) 3𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 1
B) 2𝑥 + 12𝑥 − 17
2
D) 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1

8. Given 𝑟(𝑥 ) = 5𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 10 and 𝑠(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 3, find (𝑟 − 𝑠)(𝑥).

A) 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 7 C) 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 13
B) 3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 13 D) 3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 7

9. If 𝑝(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 5 and 𝑞(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 − 7, what is 𝑝(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑞(𝑥)?

A) 2𝑥 2 − 17𝑥 + 35 C) 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 35
B) 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 35 D) 2𝑥 2 + 17𝑥 − 35

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 𝑓
10. If 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6 and ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 3, find (𝑔) (𝑥).
A) 𝑥 − 2 B) 𝑥 + 2 C) 𝑥 − 1 D) 𝑥 + 1

For items 11-12, refer to the functions below.

𝑝(𝑥 ) = 9𝑥 − 2 𝑞(𝑥 ) = 5𝑥

11. Find (𝑝 ∘ 𝑞)(𝑥).

A) 45𝑥 B) 45𝑥 − 2 C) 45𝑥 2 − 2 D) 14𝑥

12. Find (𝑞 ∘ 𝑝)(2).

A) 88 B) 90 C) 68 D) 80

For items 13-15, refer to the problem below.

You are a crew at a particular convenience store that pays an hourly wage of
₱45.00 and 1.5 times the hourly wage for the extra hours if you work for more
than 40 hours a week. Write a piecewise function that gives the weekly pay 𝑷 in
terms of the number of hours 𝒉 you work.
13. ______________________
𝑃 (ℎ ) = {
14. ______________________

13.
A) 𝑃(ℎ) = 45ℎ, if 0 ≥ ℎ ≥ 40 C) 𝑃(ℎ) = 45ℎ, if 0 ≤ ℎ ≤ 40
B) 𝑃(ℎ) = 45ℎ, if 0 < ℎ < 40 D) 𝑃 (ℎ) = 45ℎ, if 0 > ℎ > 40

14.
A) 𝑃 (ℎ) = 67.5ℎ + 900, if ℎ > 40 C) 𝑃(ℎ) = 67.5ℎ + 1760, if ℎ > 40
B) 𝑃 (ℎ) = 67.5ℎ − 900, if ℎ > 40 D) 𝑃 (ℎ) = 67.5ℎ − 1760, if ℎ > 40

15. How much will be your weekly pay if you work for 43 hours?
A) ₱1, 028.50 B) ₱3, 802.50 C) ₱2, 002.50 D) ₱1, 142.50

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Lesson
Representing Real-Life
1 Situations Using Functions

What’s In

Welcome to the first lesson in General Mathematics. In your previous

Mathematics subject, you have already learned about relation and function. So,
to refresh your mind with this lesson, let’s have this quick review.

A relation is a set of ordered pairs (𝑥, 𝑦). The set of all first coordinates of the
ordered pairs is the domain of the relation. The set of all second coordinates of
the ordered pairs is the range of the relation.

A function is a special relation. It is a set of ordered pairs (𝑥, 𝑦) such that no

two ordered pairs have the same 𝑥-values (or first coordinates) and different 𝑦-
values (or second coordinates).

Functions can be represented in various ways such as tables, mappings, graphs

and equations.

Now let us consider the following examples. Can you identify which of them are
functions?

Example 1. Set of Ordered Pairs

M= {(1, −1), (2, −2), (3, −3), (4, −4)}

A= {(1,1), (1, −1), (4,2), (4, −2)}

T= {(1,3), (1,4), (2,5), (2,6), (3,7)}

H= {(0,2), (1,3), (2,4), (3,5)}

If you picked M and H, then you are correct! The relations M and H are
functions since each of their 𝑥-values corresponds to exactly one 𝑦-value.

Meanwhile, A and T are not functions because their 𝑥-values are paired to not
only one 𝑦-value. For instance, in A, the 𝑥-value 1 corresponds to two 𝑦-values,
namely, 1 and −1. In T, the 𝑥-value 2 corresponds to 𝑦-values 5 and 6.

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Example 2. Table of Values

A.

𝑥 1 2 3 4

𝑦 1 4 9 16

B.

𝑥 −1 2 5 −1

𝑦 4 3 6 2

C.

𝑥 5 6 7 8

𝑦 4 5 6 7

Have you chosen tables A and C? If yes, then you are right! They are functions
because all their 𝑥-values correspond to exactly one 𝑦-value. Unlike table B,
where the 𝑥-value −1 corresponds to two 𝑦-values, namely, 4 and 2.

Example 3. Mapping Diagrams

X Y
A.
1 −1
2 −2
3 −3
4 −4
X Y
B.
1 𝑎
2 𝑏
3 𝑐
4

X Y
C.

Daniel Liza
Jack Kathryn
Enrique Barbie

Good job! The relations A and C are both functions since each element in X is
paired to a unique element in Y. For B, it is a mere relation and not a function
since there is an element in X which is paired to not only one element in Y, and
that is 1, which is paired to 𝑎 and 𝑐.

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For the next example, let us recall first how do we determine a function when it
is represented graphically.

The Vertical Line Test

A graph represents a function if and only if no vertical line intersects the
graph in more than one point.

Example 4. Which of the following can be graph/s of functions?

A. B.

C. D.

Graphs A and D are functions while graphs B and C are not since they do not
pass the vertical line test.

What’s New

Directions: Read the situation below then answer the question that follows.

As the lightning strikes, the time between the flash that we see and the thunder
that we hear depends on the distance that we are from where the lightning
struck.

A table for this function is shown below.

Distance (in kilometers), 𝑑 1 2 3 4 5

Time (in seconds), 𝑡 3 6 9 12 15

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Based on the given table of values, can you write a formula that will represent
the given situation?

What Is It

Functions as representations of real-life situations

There are many real-life situations that can be modeled using functions.
Learning how to formulate an appropriate functional model for a particular
situation will lead to a better understanding of different phenomena.
In the previous situation, given the table of values, the formula that will
represent it is given by,
𝑡
𝑑(𝑡) = 3.

Now let us consider other real-life situations that can be represented by

functions. Read and study the following.

Example 1. Ben applied for a part-time job in a convenience store in order to

support his studies. He earns a wage of ₱420.00 per day. Write a function that
will represent his total wage 𝑊 in terms of the number of days 𝑛 that he works.

Solution: Let’s identify first the variables used in the given situation. For the
total wage, it is denoted by 𝑊. For the number of days, it is denoted by 𝑛.

Now, since Ben earns ₱420.00 a day and he works for 𝑛 days, then his total
wage 𝑊 can be represented by the function 𝑊 (𝑛) = 420𝑛.

Example 2. To extend your support in your school’s Gulayan sa Paaralan

project, your section volunteered to do the fencing for a particular rectangular
garden. If the length 𝑙 of the garden is twice its width 𝑤, write a function that
will represent the perimeter 𝑃 of the garden in terms of its width 𝑤.

Solution: The variables used in the situation are 𝑃 for the perimeter, 𝑙 for the
length, and 𝑤 for the width.
Recall that the perimeter of a rectangle is given by the formula 𝑃 = 2𝑙 + 2𝑤.

Since it is given that the length of the garden is twice its width, then we can
have, 𝑙 = 2𝑤.

The perimeter of the garden can now be expressed in terms of 𝑤. We have,

𝑃(𝑤) = 2(2𝑤) + 2𝑤. Simplifying further, we have, 𝑃(𝑤) = 6𝑤.

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Example 3. A user is charged ₱400.00 monthly for a particular mobile plan
which includes 100 free text messages. Messages in excess of 100 are charged
₱1.00 each. Represent the monthly cost for text messaging using the function
𝑡(𝑚) where 𝑚 is the number of messages sent in a month.

Before we proceed with the solution, is there anything you noticed in the given
situation? Yes, you are right. There is not just one formula, but two formulas
that can be derived from the situation. Such is called the Piecewise Function.

Definition
A piecewise function or a compound function is a function defined
by multiple subfunctions, where each subfunction applies to a certain
interval of the main function’s domain.

Going back to the previous situation, there are two formulas which can be
formulated from it. One is when the number of messages 𝒎 doesn’t exceed 100
while the other is when it exceeds 100. With that, the function that can
represent this situation is given by
400, 𝑖𝑓 0 ≤ 𝑚 ≤ 100
𝑡 (𝑚 ) = {
( )
400 + 𝑚 − 100 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑚 > 100
or
400, 𝑖𝑓 0 ≤ 𝑚 ≤ 100
𝑡 (𝑚 ) = {
𝑚 + 300, 𝑖𝑓 𝑚 > 100.

Example 4. A computer shop charges ₱20.00 per hour (or a fraction of an hour)
for the first two hours and an additional ₱10.00 per hour (or a fraction of an
hour) for each succeeding hour. Represent your computer rental fee using the
function 𝑅(𝑡) where 𝑡 is the number of hours you spent on the computer.

Solution: In this case, there will be two formulas which can be obtained from
the two conditions: (a) ₱20.00 per hour (or a fraction of an hour) for the first two
hours, and (b) additional ₱10.00 per hour (or a fraction of an hour) for each
succeeding hour.

For (a) it can be written in symbols as follows,

𝑅 (𝑡) = 20⌈𝑡⌉, if 0 < 𝑡 ≤ 2.

For (b) it can be written in symbols as follows,

𝑅(𝑡) = 40 + 10(⌈𝑡⌉ − 2) = 40 + 10⌈𝑡⌉ − 20 = 10⌈𝑡⌉ + 20, if 𝑡 > 2.

Combining these two, we can have this final answer

20⌈𝑡⌉, 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑡 ≤ 2
𝑅 (𝑡 ) = {
⌈ ⌉
10 𝑡 + 20, 𝑖𝑓 𝑡 > 2,
where ⌈𝑡⌉ is the ceiling function applied to 𝑡. The ceiling function of a number 𝑥
gives the smallest integer greater than or equal to 𝑥. For example, ⌈1.2⌉ = ⌈1.5⌉ =
⌈2⌉ = 2.
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 What’s More

Directions: Write a formula that describes the given function. Use a separate
sheet of paper for your answer.

1. A small pizza costs ₱299.00 plus ₱25.00 for each topping. Express the total
cost 𝐶 as a function of the number of toppings 𝑡.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. Express the perimeter 𝑃 of a square as a function of the length 𝑠 of a side.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3. A canteen serves a meal that cost ₱60.00 each. Give a function 𝐶 that can
represent the cost of buying 𝑛 meals.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
4. A Zumba instructor charges according to the number of participants. If there
are 15 participants or below, the instructor charges ₱500.00 for each
participant per month. If the number of participants is between 15 to 30, he
charges ₱400.00 for each participant per month. If there are 30 participants
or more, he charges ₱350.00 for each participant per month. Write the
piecewise function that describes what the instructor charges.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
5. A jeepney ride costs ₱8.00 for the first 4 kilometers, and each additional
integer kilometer adds ₱1.50 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent
the jeepney fare in terms of the distance 𝑑 in kilometers.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: Write out the answers to these questions on a separate sheet of

paper. Use complete sentences.

1. What is a relation?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. What is a function?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

3. What is the domain of a relation?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

4. What is the range of a relation?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

5. What is a piecewise function?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Directions: Write three situations in your community that can be modeled by

functions. Include in your writing the formula for the identified situation.

1. ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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Lesson
Evaluating Functions
2
What’s In

Before we proceed, let’s recall first what do we mean by evaluating an

expression.

To evaluate an algebraic expression means to determine the value of the

expression for a given value of each variable in the expression. Replace or
substitute each variable in the expression with the given value, then simplify
the resulting expression using the order of operations.

Now perform the following exercise. Try solving it on your own before looking at
the solutions.

Activity 2.1. Evaluate each expression given 𝑥 = 2.

1. 𝑥 − 1
2. 2𝑥 + 5
3. 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1
If you are done you may now compare your answers with the solutions provided
below.
Solution:
1. 𝑥 − 1 = 2 − 1 Replace x with the given value 2, then
=1 subtract it by 1.

2. 2𝑥 + 5 = 2(2) + 5 Replace x with 2, get the product of 2

=4+5 and 2, then add the result to 5.
=9

Replace each 𝑥 with 2 , simplify it by

3. 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 = 22 − 4(2) + 1
following the order of operations starting
= 4−8+1
with squaring 2 then subtracting the
= −4 + 1
result by the product of 4 and 2. Finally,
= −3
add the result by 1.

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Note:
In simplifying expressions, always remember to follow the rules for the
order of operations and the rules for operations on integers.

What’s New

Directions: Read the following and perform the given tasks.

Activity 2.2 The number of words in a child’s vocabulary is a function of the

child’s age. The formula for the size of vocabularies of typical children between
the ages 20 months and 50 months is given by

𝑛 = 60𝑎 − 900

where 𝑎 represents the child’s age in months and 𝑛 represents the number of
words that the child uses correctly.

1. Complete the table below using the given formula.

𝑎 20 25 30 35 40 50

2. How many words does a typical 25-month-old child know?

3. How many words does a typical 40-month-old child know?

What Is It

Evaluating a function means replacing the variable in the function, in this

case 𝑥, with a value from the functions domain and computing for the result.

To denote that we are evaluating 𝑓 at 𝑎, for some 𝑎 in the domain of 𝑓, we write

𝑓(𝑎).

To further understand this concept, let’s proceed with the following examples.

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Example 1. Given 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 − 7, evaluate 𝑓 at 𝑥 = −4.

Solution:
𝑓 (−4) = 3(−4) − 7 Substitute −4 for 𝑥 in the function 𝑓.
= −12 − 7 Simplify the expression on the right side of
= −19 equation.

Therefore, if 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 − 7, then 𝑓(−4) = −19.

Example 2. Given 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 8, find 𝑔(2).

Solution:
𝑔(2) = (2)2 − 5(2) + 8 Substitute 2 for every 𝑥 in the function 𝑔.
= 4 − 10 + 8 Simplify the expression on the right side of
= −6 + 8 the equation.
=2
Therefore, if 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 8, then 𝑔(2) = 2.

Example 3. Given 𝑝(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 + 9, evaluate 𝑝 at 𝑥 = 𝑚 + 1.

Solution:
𝑝(𝑚 + 1) = 4(𝑚 + 1) + 9 Substitute 𝑚 + 1 for 𝑥.

= 4𝑚 + 4 + 9 Use the distributive property of multiplication

to expand 4(𝑚 + 1).
= 4𝑚 + 13 Combine like terms.
Therefore, 𝑝(𝑚 + 1) = 4𝑚 + 13.

𝑥 2 +1
Example 4. Given 𝑓(𝑥 ) = , find 𝑓(3).
𝑥−4

Solution:
32 +1
𝑓 (3) = 3−4
Substitute 3 for 𝑥.
9+1
= Simplify the expression on the numerator
−1
10
= and denominator.
−1
= −10 Divide.
Therefore, 𝑓 (3) = −10.

Example 5. Evaluate the function ℎ (𝑥 ) = ⌊𝑥 ⌋ − 6, where ⌊𝑥 ⌋ is the greatest

integer function, given 𝑥 = 9.6.

Solution:
ℎ(9.6) = ⌊9.6⌋ − 6 Substitute 9.6 for 𝑥.

=9−6 Remember that greatest integer function

gives the largest integer less than or equal
13
 to the number. So, in this case, 9.6 will
become 9.
=3 Subtract.

What’s More

Activity 2.3
Directions: Evaluate the following functions at 𝑥 = 2 by completing the missing
parts of the solution.
1. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 − 4
Solution: 𝑓(2) = 3(2) − 4
= ____________
= ____________

2. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1
Solution: 𝑔(2) = ____________
=4+4−1
= ____________

4𝑥+1
3. ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑥−1
4(2)+1
Solution: ℎ(2) = 2−1
= _________
= _________

4. 𝑟(𝑥 ) = |5𝑥 − 12| where |5𝑥 − 12| means the absolute value of 5𝑥 − 12.
Solution: 𝑟(2) = ______________
= |10 − 12|
= __________
=2

5. 𝑠(𝑥 ) = √5𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
Solution: 𝑠(2) = √5(2)2 − 4(2)
= √5(___ ) − ___
= √20 − _____
= √_____
= ±2√3
14
Activity 2.4
Directions: Evaluate each function at the indicated value of 𝑥. Show a detailed
solution.
1. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 15 − 8𝑥; 𝑥 = −1

2. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 10; 𝑥 = 5
3
3. 𝑝(𝑥 ) = √4𝑥 − 9; 𝑥 = 9

4. 𝑞(𝑥 ) = 6𝑥 + 7; 𝑥 = 𝑏 − 1

𝑥 2 −9𝑥+5
5. 𝑡(𝑥 ) = ;𝑥=3
2𝑥−3

What I Have Learned

Directions: In your own words, briefly explain how to evaluate a function. You
may give your own example for a better illustration of your explanation.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

15
Lesson
Operations on Functions
3
What’s In

To prepare you in the next lesson, perform the following exercise which involves
operations on polynomials.

Activity 3.1
Directions: Solve for the indicated operations in Column A then look for the
appropriate solution in Column B. Write the letter of your answer on the space
provided before the number.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
______1. (3𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 + 1) + (2𝑥 2 + 10) a. 𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 + 10
______2. (−4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1) − (4𝑥 + 2) b. 4𝑥 2 − 15𝑥
______3. (10𝑥 + 5) + (𝑥 − 2) c. 3𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 11
______4. 2𝑥(4𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 10) d. 𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 + 10
______5. (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 10) e. 11𝑥 + 3
______6. (𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 16) ÷ (𝑥 + 2) f. 𝑥 + 8
5𝑥−6
______7. (10𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 10) − (6𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 10) g. 𝑥+1

______8. (𝑥 − 27) ÷ (𝑥 − 3)
3
h. 8𝑥 3 + 10𝑥 2 + 20𝑥
______9. (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 10) i. −4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3
______10. (5𝑥 − 6) ÷ (𝑥 + 1) j. 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 9

What’s New
An entrepreneur plans to rent a stand at a market for ₱115.00 per day to
sell avocados. If she buys 𝑛 kilos of avocado for ₱45.00 per kilo and sells them
for ₱85.00 per kilo, then her daily cost 𝐶 in peso can be written as a function of
𝑛:
𝐶 (𝑛) = 45𝑛 + 115.

16
Assuming she sells as many kilos as she buys, her revenue 𝑅 in peso is also a
function of 𝑛:
𝑅(𝑛) = 85𝑛.
Since profit 𝑃 is revenue 𝑅 minus cost 𝐶, we can find a function for the profit by
subtracting the functions for cost and revenue:

𝑃(𝑛) = 𝑅(𝑛) − 𝐶(𝑛)

= 85𝑛 − (45𝑛 + 115)
= 40𝑛 − 115.
The function 𝑃 (𝑛) = 40𝑛 − 115 expresses the daily profit as a function of 𝑛. Since
𝑃(2) = −35 and 𝑃 (3) = 5, the profit is negative if 2 or fewer kilos are sold and
positive if 3 or more kilos are sold.

What Is It

In the previous situation presented, we subtracted two functions to find new

function. In other cases, we may use addition, multiplication, or division to
combine two functions.

For any two given functions, we can define the sum, difference, product, and
quotient functions as follows.

Definition

Sum, Difference, Product, and Quotient Functions

𝑓
Given two functions 𝑓 and 𝑔, the functions 𝑓 + 𝑔, 𝑓 − 𝑔, 𝑓 ⋅ 𝑔, and 𝑔
are
defined as follows:

Sum function: (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥 ) = 𝑓 (𝑥 ) + 𝑔(𝑥)

Difference function: (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥 ) = 𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥)
Product function: (𝑓 ⋅ 𝑔)(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
Quotient function: (𝑔) (𝑥 ) = 𝑔(𝑥) provided that 𝑔(𝑥) ≠ 0

Let’s study the following examples.

Example 1. Let 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 − 12 and 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 3. Find the following:

a. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) c. (𝑓 ⋅ 𝑔)(𝑥)
𝑓
b. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) d. ( ) (𝑥)
𝑔

17
Solution:

a. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥 ) = 𝑓 (𝑥 ) + 𝑔(𝑥) Definition of sum of functions

= (4𝑥 − 12) + (𝑥 − 3) Substitute the given values for
𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥 ).
= 5𝑥 − 15 Combine like terms.

b. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥 ) = 𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥) Definition of difference of functions

= (4𝑥 − 12) − (𝑥 − 3)
= 4𝑥 − 12 − 𝑥 + 3
= 3𝑥 − 9
Substitute the given values for
𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥).
Apply the distributive property for
−(𝑥 − 3).
Combine like terms.

c. (𝑓 ⋅ 𝑔)(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑔(𝑥) Definition of product of functions

= (4𝑥 − 12)(𝑥 − 3)
= 4𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 36
= 4𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 36
Substitute the given values for 𝑓(𝑥)
and 𝑔(𝑥).
Multiply the binomials either by foil
method or distributive property.
Combine like terms.

𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
d. (𝑔) (𝑥 ) = 𝑔(𝑥) Definition of quotient of functions
4𝑥−12
= Substitute the given values for 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥−3
and 𝑔(𝑥).
4(𝑥−3)
= Factor the numerator.
𝑥−3
=4 Cancel out the common factor 𝑥 − 3.
𝑓
Note that for item d, (𝑔) (𝑥 ) = 4, for 𝑥 ≠ 3.

Example 2. If 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 − 2 and 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3, find:

a. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) c. (𝑓 ⋅ 𝑔)(2)
𝑓
b. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(−3) d. (𝑔) (𝑥)

Solution:
a. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥 ) = 𝑓 (𝑥 ) + 𝑔(𝑥) Definition of sum of functions
= (3𝑥 − 2) + (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3) Substitute the given values for 𝑓(𝑥)
and 𝑔(𝑥).
= 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 5 Combine like terms.

18
 b. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(−3) = 𝑓 (−3) + 𝑔(−3) Definition of sum of functions
= [3(−3) − 2] + [(−3)2 + 2(−3) − 3] Evaluate 𝑓 and 𝑔 at 𝑥 = −3.
= (−9 − 2) + (9 − 6 − 3) Simplify.
= −11 + 0
= −11
Alternatively, we can solve for (𝑓 + 𝑔)(−3) using the function (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥)
obtained in item a. We have,
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(−3) = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 5 Resulted function from item a
= (−3)2 + 5(−3) − 5 Replace every 𝑥 with −3.
= 9 − 15 − 5 Simplify.
= −11
c. (𝑓 ⋅ 𝑔)(2) = 𝑓(2) ⋅ 𝑔(2) Definition of product of functions
= [3(2) − 2] ⋅ [22 + 2(2) − 3] Evaluate 𝑓 and 𝑔 at 𝑥 = 2.
= (6 − 2) ⋅ (4 + 4 − 3) Simplify.
=4⋅5
= 20
𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
d. (𝑔) (𝑥 ) = 𝑔(𝑥) Definition of quotient of functions
3𝑥−2
= 𝑥 2 +2𝑥−3 Substitute the given values for 𝑓(𝑥)
and 𝑔(𝑥).
3𝑥−2
= (𝑥+3)(𝑥−1) Factor to simplify whenever possible.

Definition

Composition of Functions
The composition of 𝑓 and 𝑔 is denoted 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 and is defined by the equation
(𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥 )),
provided that 𝑔(𝑥) is in the domain of 𝑓.

The notation 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 is read as “the composition of 𝑓 and 𝑔” or “𝑓 compose 𝑔.” The

composition function 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 is a rule for pairing numbers in the domain 𝑔
directly with numbers in the range of 𝑓, by passing the middle set.

Let’s try the following examples.

19
Example 3. Let 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 − 2, 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥, and ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 1. Find

a. (𝑓 ∘ ℎ)(𝑥) c. (ℎ ∘ 𝑔)(3)
b. (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) d. (𝑔 ∘ ℎ)(3)

Solution:
a. (𝑓 ∘ ℎ)(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(ℎ(𝑥 )) Definition of Composition of Functions
= 𝑓(𝑥 + 1) Replace ℎ(𝑥) with 𝑥 + 1.
= 3(𝑥 + 1) − 2 Replace 𝑥 in 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 − 2 with 𝑥 + 1.
= 3𝑥 + 3 − 2 Simplify.
= 3𝑥 + 1
So, (𝑓 ∘ ℎ)(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 + 1.

b. (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 )(𝑥 ) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥))
= 𝑔(3𝑥 − 2)
= (3𝑥 − 2)2 + 2(3𝑥 − 2)
= (9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 4) + (6𝑥 − 4)
= 9𝑥 2 − 6𝑥
Replace 𝑓(𝑥) with 3𝑥 − 2.
Replace 𝑥 in 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
with 3𝑥 − 2.
Simplify.

c. Because (ℎ ∘ 𝑔)(3) = ℎ(𝑔(3)), we first find 𝑔(3):

𝑔(3) = 32 + 2(3) = 9 + 6 = 15.
Because 𝑔(3) = 15, we have
(ℎ ∘ 𝑔)(3) = ℎ(𝑔(3)) = ℎ(15) = 15 + 1 = 16.
So, (ℎ ∘ 𝑔)(3) = 16.

d. Because (𝑔 ∘ ℎ)(3) = 𝑔(ℎ(3)), we first find ℎ(3):

ℎ(3) = 3 + 1 = 4.
Because ℎ(3) = 4, we have
(𝑔 ∘ ℎ)(3) = 𝑔(ℎ(3)) = 𝑔(4) = 42 + 2(4) = 16 + 8 = 24.
So, (𝑔 ∘ ℎ)(3) = 24.
Notice that in Example 3c and 3d, (ℎ ∘ 𝑔)(3) ≠ (𝑔 ∘ ℎ)(3). In general,
𝑔 ∘ ℎ ≠ ℎ ∘ 𝑔.

20
 What’s More

Activity 3.2
Directions: Perform the indicated operations on functions. The correct solution
for each item can be found below. Write only the letter of your answer on the
space provided before each number. Use these letters to decode the message
below.

Let 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 1, 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 7𝑥, and ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3. Find:

______1. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) ______6. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(9)

______2. (ℎ − 𝑔)(𝑥) ______7. (𝑓 ∘ ℎ)(𝑥)
______3. (𝑓 ⋅ ℎ)(𝑥) ______8. (ℎ ∘ 𝑔)(0)
ℎ
______4. (𝑓 ) (𝑥) ______9. (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥 )

______5. (ℎ − 𝑔)(−1) ______10. (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(4)

T: 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2 B: 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 3 I: 7𝑥 − 1

L: 15 M: 8𝑥 − 1 D: 0 S: 𝑥 − 3

R: 3 U: 71 O: 𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 3

Message:

N ____ ____ ____ _____

____ E ____ ____ N’ ____
____ ____ ____ E
____ ____ ____
6 1 3 8 4 10 2 7 5 9

Activity 3.3
A. Perform the indicated operations given the following:
𝑝(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 − 1 𝑟(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥
𝑞(𝑥 ) = −2𝑥 + 3 𝑠(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 7

1. (𝑠 + 𝑞)(𝑥)
2. (𝑝 ⋅ 𝑞)(5)
𝑟
3. (𝑞) (−2)
4. (𝑝 ∘ 𝑠)(𝑥)
5. (𝑟 ∘ 𝑞)(1)
21
B. Use the following functions in answering items 6-10.
2𝑥+1
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 + 1 𝑟 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥−1
𝑞(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2
6. Express the function 𝑓1 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 3 as a sum or difference of the functions
above.
7. Express the function 𝑓2 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 as a sum or difference of the
functions above.
2𝑥 2 +𝑥
8. Express the function 𝑓3 (𝑥 ) = as a sum or difference of the given
𝑥−1
functions.
9. Express the function 𝑔1 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2 as a product or quotient of
the given functions.
10. Express the function 𝑔2 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 1 as a product or quotient of the given
functions.

What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete the table below by writing the definition of the sum,
difference, product, quotient and composition of functions. Illustrate also the
operations on functions by providing your own examples.

Sum Difference Product Quotient Composition

Definition

Example

22
Lesson
Solving Real-Life Problems
4 Involving Functions

What’s In

In the first three lessons of this module, you learned the concepts of formulating
a function that will represent a situation; how to evaluate a function at a given
value; and combine functions to form new function using the basic operations
such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Also, you learned
about the composition of functions. In this lesson you are now going to apply
those concepts in order to solve real-life problems involving functions.

Now before we proceed, let’s take this quick review on the previous lessons.

1. Write a formula that describes the function.

a. Express the circumference 𝐶 of a circle as function of its radius 𝑟.
Solution: 𝐶 (𝑟) = 2𝜋𝑟
b. If Monica earns ₱65.00 per hour, express her total pay 𝑃 as a function of
the number of hours ℎ worked.
Solution: 𝑃(ℎ) = 65ℎ
c. A gravel dealer charges ₱600.00 plus ₱530.00 per cubic meter for
delivering a truckload of gravel. Express the total cost 𝑇 as a function of
the number of cubic meters 𝑛 delivered.
Solution: 𝑇(𝑛) = 530𝑛 + 600

2. Evaluate the following. Refer to the functions in the previous example.

a. 𝐶(4) b. 𝑃(8) c. 𝑇(15)
Solution:
a. 𝐶 (4) = 2𝜋𝑟 = 2𝜋(4) = 8𝜋 ≈ 25.12
b. 𝑃 (8) = 65ℎ = 65(8) = 520
c. 𝑇(15) = 530𝑛 + 600 = 530(15) + 600 = 7950 + 600 = 8550

23
3. Let 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 + 1 and 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 − 5. Find
𝑔
a. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(2) c. (ℎ) (−1)

b. (𝑓 ⋅ 𝑔)(𝑥) d. (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(3)
Solution:
𝑔 𝑔(−1)
a. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(2) = 𝑓 (2) + 𝑔(2) c. (ℎ) (−1) = ℎ(−1)
4(−1)−5
= 2(2) + 1 + 4(2) − 5 = 2(−1)+1
−4−5 −9
=8 = −2+1 = −1 = 9

b. (𝑓 ⋅ 𝑔)(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑔(𝑥) d. (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 )(3) = 𝑔(𝑓 (3))

= (2𝑥 + 1)(4𝑥 − 5) **𝑓(3) = 2(3) + 1 = 7
= 8𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 5 𝑔(𝑓 (3)) = 𝑔(7)
= 8𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 5 = 4(7) − 5 = 23

After going through the review, you may now proceed to the next part of this
module. Have a meaningful learning!

What’s New
JEEPNEY OR TRICYCLE?

Directions: Read and analyze the situation below then answer the questions
that follow.

Melvin is a Grade 11 student who commutes from home to school which is 10

kilometers apart. There are two modes of transportation. One is through riding
a jeep while the other is through riding a tricycle. A jeepney ride costs ₱8.00 for
the first 4 kilometers of travel plus ₱0.75 for each additional kilometer.
Meanwhile, the fare in riding a tricycle is ₱10.00 for the first-kilometer travel
plus ₱1.00 for each additional kilometer.

a. Compute for Melvin’s fare if he will ride a jeepney by completing the table
below.
Number 0 − 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
of km
Fare 8.00 8 8 8
+ 0.75 + (2)(0.75) + (3)(0.75)

b. If he opted to ride in a tricycle, how much will be his fare?

24
 c. If you were Melvin, what mode of transportation would you choose?
Why?

What Is It

Problem-solving is an important skill that must be developed by the learner like

you. Developing such skill will help you make a good decision in your day-to-day
experiences.

Just like in the previous situation, if you want to be economical, then it is a good
decision to ride in a jeepney instead of a tricycle.

Study the following four-step method of solving a problem by George Polya.

1. Understand the problem.

Read the problem carefully. Once the problem is read, you need to list all
the components and data that are involved. This is where you will be
assigning your variable.

2. Devise a plan.
You come up with a way to solve the problem. Setting up an equation,
drawing a diagram, and making a chart are all ways that you can go about
solving your problem.

3. Carry out the plan.

This is where you solve the equation you came up with in your 'devise a
plan' step.

4. Look back.
Check to see if you used all your information and that the answer makes
sense. If your answer does check out, make sure that you write your
final answer with the correct labeling.

Now, let us try to use the above method to solve the following problems.

Problem 1
A person is earning ₱600.00 per day to do a certain job. How much is his
total earnings if he worked for 5 days?

Solution:
Step 1: Label and assign variable for the known and unknown data. So, in this
case, let
𝑛 - be the number of days the person works
𝑇(𝑛) – be the person’s total earnings for 𝑛 days
₱600.00 – person’s earning per day.
25
Step 2: We now formulate an equation that will represent the person’s total
earnings. Since he earns ₱600.00 per day, then we have
𝑇(𝑛) = 600𝑛.
Step 3: We now use the equation we formulated in step 2. If 𝑛 = 5, then,
𝑇(5) = 600(5) = 3000.
Step 4: To check whether we arrived at the correct answer, we can use the table
below.

Number of days (𝑛) 1 2 3 4 5

Total earnings (𝑇) 600 1200 1800 2400 3000

As shown from the table above, when 𝑛 = 5, 𝑇 = 3000. Therefore, the person’s
total earnings for 5 days of work is ₱3,000.00.

Problem 2
A computer shop charges ₱20.00 per hour (or a fraction of an hour) for
the first two hours and an additional ₱10.00 per hour (or a fraction of an hour)
for each succeeding hour. Find how much you would pay if you used one of
their computers for:
a. 40 minutes
b. 3 hours

Solution:

Step 1: Let 𝑥 – number of computer hours

(𝑥 − 2) – number of computer hours after the first 2 hours of use
₱20.00 – charge per hour (or a fraction of an hour) for the first two
hours
₱10.00 – charge per hour (or a fraction of an hour) after the first two
hours
𝑃(𝑥 ) – total computer rental fee for 𝑥 hours

𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 2: If you use the computer for not more than 2 hours, you will pay ₱20.00
per hour or a fraction of an hour. In symbols, we have
𝑃 (𝑥 ) = 20⌈𝑥 ⌉, if 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 2
We used the ceiling function ⌈𝑥 ⌉ because a fraction of an hour still costs
₱20.

If you use the computer for more than 2 hours, you will pay ₱40.00 for
the first 2 hours plus ₱10.00 per succeeding hour. In symbols, we have
𝑃 (𝑥 ) = 40 + 10(⌈𝑥 ⌉ − 2), if 𝑥 > 2.
Simplifying further, we have
𝑃(𝑥 ) = 40 + 10⌈𝑥 ⌉ − 20 = 10⌈𝑥 ⌉ + 20, if 𝑥 > 2.

26
Step 3: (a) 𝑥 = 40 minutes
2
Since 40 minutes is a fraction of an hour, specifically or 0.67 hour,
3
then we use the first equation, so we have
𝑃(0.67) = 20⌈0.67⌉ = 20(1) = 20.
(b) 𝑥 = 3 hours
We use the second equation since 𝑥 > 2, so we have
𝑃(3) = 10⌈3⌉ + 20 = 30 + 20 = 50.

2
Step 4: Since in (a), 𝑥 = 3 = 0.67, which does not exceed an hour, then it makes
sense that you only need to pay ₱20.00.

For (b), since 𝑥 = 3, then first 2 hours is equivalent to ₱40.00 and the
remaining hour is equivalent to ₱10.00. Adding them, it will result to
₱50.00.
Therefore, if 𝑥 = 40 minutes, then your computer rental fee is ₱20.00. If
𝑥 = 3 hours, then you will pay ₱50.00.

Now it’s your turn to solve a problem. Good luck!

What’s More

Directions: Read and understand each situation to solve the problem. Apply the
4-step method you previously learned from this module.

1. You want to apply for a particular mobile plan that offers ₱1, 250.00 monthly
fee and it includes free 90 minutes of calls to all networks. Calls in excess of
90 minutes are charged ₱7.00 per minute.
a. Write the monthly cost function 𝐶(𝑥) , where 𝑥 denotes the number of
minutes used.
b. Compute for the monthly cost if you used 85 minutes of calls.
c. Compute for the monthly cost if you used 100 minutes of calls.

2. Your Business Math teacher wants your class to run a T-shirt Printing
Business and has agreed to provide up to ₱50, 000.00 of his own money to help
the class get started. To determine the profitability of the business, the class
needs to know how much it will cost to produce the printed shirts and how
many can the class expect to sell for a given price. The class has identified
the following costs:
Heat press machine ₱24, 480.00
T-shirts in bulk ₱120.00 each
Transfers to press onto each shirt ₱40.00 each
27
 a. Express the cost 𝐶 of producing 𝑥 printed t-shirts as cost function, 𝐶(𝑥).
b. How much does it cost to produce 500 printed t-shirts? Of 1,000 printed
t-shirts?

3. You plan to sell cupcakes to raise funds. A bakery charges you ₱15.00 for the
first 100 cupcakes. After the first 100 cupcakes you purchase up to 150
cupcakes, the bakery will lower the price to ₱13.50 per cupcake. After you
purchase 150 cupcakes, the price will decrease to ₱10.00 per cupcake.
a. Write a function that models this situation.
b. How much will be the total price of the cupcakes if you order 100 pieces?
c. How much will be the total price of the cupcakes if you order 200 pieces?

What I Have Learned

Directions: Use your own words to explain how do you solve a problem involving
functions. Express your answer in three to five sentences.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Directions: Write your own word problem involving functions. Be guided with
the rubric provided for you.

Word Problem Rubric

Criteria Points
5 4 3 2
Organization Information is Information is Some but not Sequence of
logical and presented in a all information
interesting to logical information is is difficult
follow. sequence. organized in a to follow.
logical
sequence.

28
Visuals Drawing Drawing is Minimal effort No drawing
reinforces the related to the given to included
word problem. word drawing
problem.
Mechanics No math 1 to 2 math 3 to 4 math 5 or more
and/or and/or and/or math
spelling errors spelling errors spelling errors and/or
spelling
errors
Content Student Student is at Student is Student
Knowledge demonstrates ease with able to does not
full knowledge content but demonstrate understand
of the task. has some basic concepts the task.
difficulty with but is
the task. uncomfortable
with the task.

29
 Assessment

Let us determine how much you have learned from this module.

Directions: Read and understand each item then choose the letter of the best
answer. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

1. It is a set of ordered pairs (𝑥, 𝑦).

A) Function B) Relation C) Dependent D) Independent

2. What do you call the set of all first coordinates of a relation?

A) Dependent B) Range C) Domain D) Independent

3. Determine the range of the function represented by the table of values

below.
𝑥 0 1 2 3 4
𝑦 1 4 9 16 25
A) R:{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 16, 25} C) R:{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
B) R:{1, 4, 9, 16, 25} D) R:{1, 4, 3, 16}

4. Evaluate the function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 − 4 given 𝑥 = 8.

A) 12 B) 10 C) 6 D) 14

5. If a certain fabric is priced at ₱82.00 per yard, express the cost 𝐶 (𝑥 ) as a

function of the number of yards 𝑥.
𝑥
A) 𝐶 (𝑥 ) = 82 C) 𝐶 (𝑥 ) = 82 + 𝑥
B) 𝐶 (𝑥 ) = 82 − 𝑥 D) 𝐶 (𝑥 ) = 82𝑥

6. Given 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 2 − 12, find ℎ(𝑎 − 1).

A) 3𝑎 − 12 C) 3𝑎2 + 6𝑎 + 3
B) 3𝑎2 − 6𝑎 − 9 D) 3𝑎 − 6𝑎

For items 7-10, refer to the functions below.

𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 7 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 8

7. Find (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥).
A) 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 15 C) 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 15
B) 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 1 D) 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 1

8. Find (𝑔 − 𝑓)(2).
A) 7 B) 5 C) 6 D) 9

9. Find (𝑓 ⋅ 𝑔)(−5).
A) −440 B) 440 C) 204 D) −240
30
10. Find (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥).
A) 5𝑥 2 + 35𝑥 − 47 C) 5𝑥 2 + 35𝑥 − 33
B) 5𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 15 D) 5𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 1

For items 11-12, refer to the problem below.

A certain chocolate bar costs ₱35.00 per piece. However, if you buy more than 10
pieces, they will be marked down to a price of ₱32.00 per piece.

11. Which of the following piecewise functions represents the cost 𝑓 in terms of
the number of chocolate bars 𝑛 bought?
35𝑛, 𝑖𝑓 0 > 𝑛 ≥ 10 35𝑛, 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑛 ≤ 10
A) 𝑓 (𝑛) = { C) 𝑓(𝑛) = {
32𝑛, 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 < 10 32𝑛, 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 > 10

35 + 𝑛, 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑛 ≤ 10 35 + 𝑛, 𝑖𝑓 0 > 𝑛 ≥ 10
B) 𝑓 (𝑛) = { D) 𝑓 (𝑛) = {
32 + 𝑛, 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 > 10 32 + 𝑛, 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 < 10

12. How much would be the cost of buying 12 chocolate bars?

A) 420 B) 384 C) 414 D) 320

For items 13-15, refer to the problem below.

A shopping mall charges ₱40.00 parking fee for the first two hours and an extra
₱10.00 for each hour (or a fraction of an hour) after that. If you park for more
than twelve hours, you instead pay a flat rate of ₱200.00.

13. Represent your parking fee using the function 𝑝(𝑡) where 𝑡 is the number of
hours you parked in the mall.
40 , 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑡 ≤ 2 40 , 𝑖𝑓 0 > 𝑡 ≥ 2
A) 𝑝(𝑡) = {40 + 10⌈𝑡 − 2⌉, 𝑖𝑓 2 < 𝑡 ≤ 12 C) 𝑝(𝑡) = {40 + 10⌈𝑡 − 2⌉, 𝑖𝑓 2 > 𝑡 ≥ 12
200, 𝑖𝑓 𝑡 > 12 200, 𝑖𝑓 𝑡 < 12

40 , 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑡 ≤ 2 40 , 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑡 < 2

B) 𝑝(𝑡) = { 40 + 10⌈𝑡⌉, 𝑖𝑓 2 < 𝑡 ≤ 12 D) 𝑝(𝑡) = { 40 + 10⌈𝑡⌉, 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑡 < 12
200, 𝑖𝑓 𝑡 > 12 200, 𝑖𝑓 𝑡 ≥ 12

14. How much would be your parking fee if you parked for 2 hours and 30
minutes?
A) ₱40.00 B) ₱200.00 C) ₱80.00 D) ₱50.00

15. How much would be your parking fee if you parked for 15 hours?
A) ₱170.00 B) ₱200.00 C) ₱210.00 D) ₱ 140.00

31
 Additional Activities

A. Let 𝑐 and 𝑑 be defined as 𝑐(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 4 and 𝑑(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 − 1. Find

1. (𝑐 + 𝑑)(𝑥)
2. (𝑑 − 𝑐)(5)
3. (𝑐 ⋅ 𝑑)(𝑥)
𝑑
4. ( 𝑐 ) (−1)
5. (𝑑 ∘ 𝑐)(𝑥)

B. If a ball is dropped from a height of 256 ft, then the formula

𝑣(𝑡) = −32𝑡
expresses its velocity 𝑣(𝑡) in feet per second as a function of time 𝑡 in
seconds.
1. Find 𝑣(0)
2. Find 𝑣(4)

C. Suppose that 𝑆(𝑛) = 𝑛 represents the number of shoes sold by a shop and the
selling price per shoes is given by 𝑝(𝑛) = 320 − 8𝑛, for 0 < 𝑛 ≤ 10. Suppose
further that the cost of producing 𝑛 shoes is given by 𝐶 (𝑛) = 200𝑛. Find
1. (𝑆 ⋅ 𝑝)(𝑛)
2. [(𝑆 ⋅ 𝑝) − 𝐶 ](𝑛)
What do these functions represent?

32
 33
What I Know Assessment
1. A 6. C 11. B 1. B 6. B 11. C
2. B 7. D 12. D 2. C 7. C 12. B
3. C 8. B 13. C 3. B 8. A 13. A
4. B 9. C 14. B 4. A 9. B 14. D
5. A 10. A 15. C 5. C 10. A 15. C
Lesson 1
What’s More
1. 𝐶 (𝑡) = 25𝑡 + 299
2. 𝑃(𝑠) = 4𝑠
3. 𝐶 (𝑛) = 60𝑛
500𝑝, 𝑖𝑓 1 ≤ 𝑝 ≤ 15
4. 𝑍(𝑝) = {400𝑝, 𝑖𝑓 15 < 𝑝 < 30
350𝑝, 𝑖𝑓𝑝 ≥ 30
8, 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑑 ≤ 4
5. 𝑓(𝑑 ) = {
1.5⌈𝑑 ⌉ + 2, 𝑖𝑓𝑑 > 4
Lesson 2
What’s New
1.
𝑎 20 25 30 35 40 50
𝑛 300 600 900 1200 1500 2100
2. 600 words
3. 1500 words
What’s More
Activity 2.3 Activity 2.4
1. 6 − 4 1. 𝑓(−1) = 15 − 8(−1)
2 = 23
2. 22 + 2(2) − 1 2. 𝑔(5) = 52 + 2(5) − 10
7 = 25
8+1 3
3. 1
3. 𝑝(9) = √4(9) − 9
3
9 = √27 = 3
4. |5(2) − 12| 4. 𝑞(𝑏 − 1) = 6(𝑏 − 1) + 7
|−2| = 6𝑏 + 1
32 −9(3)+5
5. √5(4) − 8 5. 𝑡(3) = 2(3)−3
9−27+5 −13
√20 − 8 = 6−3
= 3
√12
Answer Key
 34
Lesson 3
What’s In-Activity 3.1
1. C 3. E 5. A 7. B 9. D
2. I 4. H 6. F 8. J 10. G
What’s More-Activity 3.2
1. M 3. B 5. L 7. T 9. I
2. O 4. S 6. U 8. R 10. D
Message: NUMBERS DON’T LIE
What’s More-Activity 3.3
A. B.
1. 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 10 6. 𝑓1(𝑥 ) = 𝑞(𝑥 ) + 𝑓(𝑥)
2. −98 7. 𝑓1(𝑥 ) = 𝑞(𝑥 ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
2
3. − 7 8. 𝑓3 (𝑥 ) = 𝑓 (𝑥 ) + 𝑟(𝑥)
4. 3𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 20 9. 𝑔1(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(𝑥 ) ⋅ 𝑞(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥)
5. 7 10. 𝑔2 (𝑥 ) = 𝑟(𝑥)
Lesson 4
What’s More
1250, 𝑖𝑓 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 90
1. a. 𝐶 (𝑥 ) = {
7𝑥 + 620, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 90
b. ₱1 250.00
c. ₱1 320.00
2. a. 𝐶 (𝑥 ) = 160𝑥 + 24 480
b. ₱104 480.00
₱184 480.00
15𝑛, 𝑖𝑓 1 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 100
3. a. 𝑓(𝑛) = {13.5𝑛 + 150, 𝑖𝑓100 < 𝑛 ≤ 150
10𝑛 + 675, 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 > 150
b. ₱1 500.00
c. ₱2 675.00
References:

Printed Materials

Dugopolski, M. (2008). Algebra for College Students. (4th ed.). McGraw-

Hill
Oronce, O. (2016). General Mathematics. Rex Book Store, Inc.
Queaño, R.M. (2020). General Mathematics Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Functions. Department of Education- Region IV-A CALABARZON
Verzosa, D.M., et. al. (2016). General Mathematics Learner’s Material.
Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources.

Electronic Sources

Evaluating Algebraic Expressions. (n.d.). Lumen Learning.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/ivytech-
collegealgebra/chapter/evaluating-algebraic-expressions/

https://www.readwritethink.org/sites/default/files/resources/lesson_im
ages/lesson1123/rubric.pdf

Operations With Polynomials Worksheet and Answer Key. (n.d.). Math Warehouse.
https://www.mathwarehouse.com/sheets/algebra/polynomials/o
perations-with-polynomials-worksheet.php

Seward, K. (2011, July 1). Introduction to problem solving. WTAMU.

https://www.wtamu.edu/academic/anns/mps/math/mathlab/int
_algebra/int_alg_tut8_probsol.htm

35