Daraga Community college

Salvacion Daraga Albay

Sy: 2022-2023

MARIA GRACIA LUSTRESTICA

lll SOCIAL STUDIES
WORLD HISTORY 2

DO THIS!
I. Questions:
Note: Your answer must be in a paragraph, use your own words, Do not copy the discussion
presented in the internet or other source.

1. What changes in society and in cities stimulated the beginning of the Renaissance?
- The Black Death, starvation, and warfare led to large decreases in population. This led to a
surplus in food, a decrease in food price, a surplus of money, and then a surplus in desire to buy
different things.
2. What ideas formed the foundation for the Italian Renaissance?
Their secularism, their appreciation of physical beauty and especially their emphasis on man's
achievements and expression formed the governing intellectual principle of the Italian
Renaissance.
3. What contributions did artists make to the Renaissance?
The areas where Renaissance artists made the greatest contributions were in painting,
sculpture, and architecture. Public architecture was the most expensive of the three, so masters
who could innovate were in high demand. Sculptors also produced work for the public, including
reintroducing equestrian statues to Europe for the first time since the late Roman Empire.
Finally, painters made breakthroughs that allowed for realistic portraits as well as bringing back
artistic works of secular subjects.

II. Vocabulary Terms:

What and Who are they? Give the details of each term and introduce the persons and
discuss their participation in the history.

1. RENAISSANCE
The Renaissance was a cultural movement. It spanned between the 14th and 17th centuries. It
is interesting to note that the Renaissance began in Florence in Italy in the Late Middle Ages. It
spread to various parts of Europe Later. The term Renaissance is generally used to refer to the
historic era and cultural era. The usage of the word Renaissance extends to the representation
of other cultural movements too such as Carolingian Renaissance and the Renaissance of the
12th century.

2. HUMANISM
- Humanism is a rational philosophy informed by science, inspired by art, and motivated by
compassion. Affirming the dignity of each human being, it supports the maximization of
individual liberty and opportunity consonant with social and planetary responsibility. It
advocates the extension of participatory democracy and the expansion of the open society,
standing for human rights and social justice. Free of supernaturalism, it recognizes human
beings as a part of nature and holds that values-be they religious, ethical, social, or political-have
their source in human experience and culture.

3. SECULAR
- secularism, any movement in society directed away from otherworldliness to life on earth. In
the Middle Ages in Europe there was a strong tendency for religious persons to despise human
affairs and to meditate on God and the afterlife.

4. BALDASSACRE CASTIGLIONE

- Baldassare Castiglione, Count of Casatico, was an Italian courtier, diplomat, soldier and a
prominent Renaissance author. Castiglione wrote Il Cortegiano or The Book of the Courtier, a
courtesy book dealing with questions of the etiquette and morality of the courtier.

5. Niccolo Machiavelli
- Machiavelli was a 16th century Florentine philosopher known primarily for his political ideas.
His two most famous philosophical books, The Prince and the Discourses on Livy, were
published after his death. On May 3, 1469, the Italian philosopher and writer Niccolo Machiavelli
is born. A lifelong patriot and diehard proponent of a unified Italy, Machiavelli became one of
the fathers of modern political theory. Machiavelli entered the political service of his native
Florence by the time he was 29.

6. LORENZO DE MEDICI

- Lorenzo the Magnificent, the Florentine statesman and arts patron is considered the most
brilliant of the Medici. He ruled Florence for some 20 years in the 15 th century, during which
time he brought stability to the region.
Lorenzo essentially ruled Florence through influence, threats, bribes, underlings on the city
council, and his own personal army. Florence prospered economically, but people had few
individual freedoms. The Medici had many enemies, and in 1478, the rival Pazzi family tried to
assassinate Lorenzo in the Cathedral of Florence.
7. LEONARDO DA VINCI

- Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519) was an Italian polymath, having
been a scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, painter, sculptor, architect,
botanist, musician and writer. Born as the illegitimate son of a notary, Piero da Vinci, and a
peasant girl, Caterina, at Vinci in the region of Florence, Leonardo was educated in the studio of
the renowned Florentine painter, Verrocchio. Much of his earlier working life was spent in the
service of Ludovico il Moro in Milan. He later worked in Rome, Bologna and Venice, spending his
final years in France at the home given to him by King François I.
- Leonardo has often been described as the archetype of the “Renaissance man”, a man whose
seemingly infinite curiosity was equalled only by his powers of invention.
- Two of his works, the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper occupy unique positions as the most
famous, most reproduced and most parodied portrait and religious painting of all time

8. MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI

- Michelangelo was born on March 6, 1475, in Caprese, Italy, the second of five sons.
- Michelangelo Buonarroti was a painter, sculptor, architect and poet widely considered one of
the most brilliant artists of the Italian Renaissance. Michelangelo was an apprentice to a painter
before studying in the sculpture gardens of the powerful Medici family.
- Michelangelo was considered the greatest living artist in his lifetime, and ever since then he
has been held to be one of the greatest artists of all time. A number of his works in painting,
sculpture, and architecture rank among the most famous in existence.
- Michelangelo created the ‘David’ and ‘Pieta’ sculptures and the Sistine Chapel and ‘Last
Judgment’ paintings.