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THE DEFENCE SERVICES ACT, 1959.

[ Translation approved by the Laws Translation and Law^ Revision
Committee, appointed by the Government of the Union of Burma.]
THE DEFENCE SERVICES ACT, 1959.
CONTENTS
C H A P T E R I.
Preliminary.
Sections pags
1. T i t l e and commencement ... ... ... ... i

2. Persons subject to th is A ct ... ••• . .. ... i
3* I^cfinitions ••• . ••• ••• ••• ••• 2
C H A P T E R II.
A pplication of Act、
4. A pp lication of thig A ct to certain forces under the U n io n Government 6
5. Special provision as to rank in certain cases ... ... 6
6. Com m anding officer of persons subject to m ilita ry law under clause (d)
o f sub-section ( i ) o f section 2 … ... ... y
7 ， Officers exercising powers in certain cases ... ... 7
8. Power to declare persons to be on active service . .. ... 8
C H A P TE R III.
C ommission and E nrolment.
9* ••• ••• ••• ••• ••» S

10. In e lig ib ility of aliens for enrolment ... ... ... 8
1 1 . E lig ib ilit y o f females for enrolment or em ploym ent ... ... 8
12 . Procedure before enrolling officer ... ... ... 8

13. M ode o f enrolment . .. ... ... … 9
14. V a lid ity of enrolment … ... … ••• 9
A ttestation.
15* Persons to be attested ••• ... ••• •” 9

i6 . M ode o f attestation … … . .. … … i〇
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CONTENTS
C H A PT E R IV.
C onditions op Service.
Sections
ldcot
17. Tennination of servicei by Pre8id ••• ••• •••
i8mn
18. D ism issal or removal or reducti<
ion by the C h ie f of Staff and by other
offic
19. Power to modify certain fundamental rights in their a沖 lication to

persons subject to this Act ... ... ... ...
20. Retirement or discharge ... ... … …
a i . Certificate on termination of service ... ... …
a2. Discharge or dismissal when out o f the Union of Bunna ...
C H A PT E R V .
S ervice Privm oes .
23. Authorized deductions only to be m^de from pay and allowances

34. Remedy of aggrieved persons other than officers •••
*5. Remedy o f aggrieved officers … ...
a6. Im munity from attaenment ... … ...
a 7 .Im m u n ity from arrest for debt ... … ...
a8. Immunity of persons attending courts-martial from arrest

29. Privileges of xeservistB ... ...
30. Priority in respect of Defence Services personnel's litigation

3 1. Saving o f rights and privileges under other laws ...
C H A P T E R V I.
O ffb n c ss .
3a. Ottences in relation to the enemy and punishable with death
3 3 * Offence o f being a tp y for the eneovy and punishable with ^fath
34* Ofiences in relation to the enemy and not punishable with death
35. Offences punishable more severely on active service than «t other times
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iii CONTENTS
Sections
37. Desertion and aiding desertion ... ...
38. Absence without leave ... ...
39. Striking or threatening superior oflSccrs ...

40. Disobedience to superior officers ...
4 1. Insubordination and obstruction ... ... 23

4a. Fraudulent enrolment "• ... 24
43. False answers on enrolment ... ... 24
4 4 - Unbecoming conduct ... ... 24
45. Certain forms of disgraceful conduct ... 25

46. Ill-treating a subordinate ... ... 25
47. Intoxication ... ... ... 25
48. Permitting escape of person in custody ... 26
49. Irregularity in connection with arrests or confinement 26
50. Escape from custody 27
51. Offences in respect of property 27
52. Extortion and corruption a8
53. Disposal of equipment 28
54. Injury to proiserty ... 28
55. False accusations ... ... ... 29
56. False declaration and falsifying official documents 29
57. Signing in blank and failure to report ... 3〇

58. Oifences relating to courtB-martial ... 3*
59. False evidence ... ... ... 31
60. Unlawful detention o f pay ... ... 32
6z. Offences in relation to aircraft and flying ... 32
62. Other offences relating to aircraft and flying ... 33

63. Disobedience of lawful command of captain of aircraft 33
64. Offences in relation to ships 34
65. Breach of discipline ... 37
66. Miscellaneous offences 37
67. Attempt ... ... 38
68. Abetment of offences that have been committed 38
69. Abetment of offences punishable with death and not committed 39
70. Abetment of offences punishable with iznprisoncncnt and not com-

m i t t e d ' ... … … 39
— …
71. Civil offences ... ••• ••• ■■尊 •■• 39
C lr f triable b y coia r t - m a r t i a l ... ••• ••• 4 〇

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CONTENTS
C H A P T E R V II.
Punishments.
Sections PAGE
siiments awardable by courts-marti

73. Punisfi 4。
74. Alternative punishments awardable b y c -martial 41
75* Combination of punishments … … … 41
76- Cashiering of officers . .. ... ... 4^
77* Field punishment … … … … 42
78. Position o f field punishment in scale o f punishments ... 4之

79. Result certain punishments in the case of a warrant officer 1
commissioned ouicer ... ... ... 4Z
80. Retention in the ranks o f a person convicted on active service 43
81. Punishments otherwise than by court-martial ... 43

82. Punishment of persons other than officers and warrant officers 43
83. Lim it o f ptmx8hments under section 82 … … 44
84. Punishments in addition to those specified in section 82 44
85 « Punishment of officers and warrant officers by brigade cozrunanden

And others ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ^
8 0 . Punishment of officers and warrant oiBcers by aivisional commanders

And othcüà ••• ••• ••• ••• 4S
87 .Punishment of warrant officers by commanding officers ... ••• 45
88. Transmission of proceedings ... … … ... 46
Review of proceedings … … ... ... 46
9〇. Superior military authority ... ... ”• ... 46
91. 0011ecdve fines ... … ... … … 46
C H A P T E R V III.
P9 tal D eductions.
92. Deductions from pay and allowances of officers … ... 47

93. Deductions from pay and ■ Uowancesof persons other than officers ... 48
94* Computation ot tune of absence or custody … … … 5〇

95* Pav and allowances during t r i a l — ••• ••• ••• 50
96. L«imit of certain deductions … … … … S〇

97. Deduction ffom public money due to a person ... ... 51
¢8. Pay and alloitrances o f prisoner o f war during inquiry into bis conduct 51
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CONTENTS
Sections pace
99. Remission o f deductions ... ... ... … 51

ioo . Provision for dependants of prisoner o f war from remitted deductions 51
301. Provision for dependants of prisoner of war from his pay and allowances 51
102. Period during w hich a person is deemed to be a prisoner o f war ... 52
C H APTER IX .
Arrest-and Proceedings Befohe T rial.
303. Custody of offenders ... ... ... ... … 52
304. Duty of co m nianiing officer in regard to detention ... •*.
305. Interval between committal and court-martial ... ••• 53

106 . Arrest by c iv il authorities ... ... ... … 53
i 〇7. Capture of deserters ... ... ... ... 53
ï 〇8. Inquiry into absence without leave ... ... … 54
i 〇9. Provost-marshals ... ... ... ... ••• 54
CH APTER X.
C ourts-M artial .
310 . K inds of courts-martial ... ... … 55

a n . Power to convene a general court-marrial ... ... … 55
i 】2. Power to convene a district court-martial ... ... ••• 55
113 . Contents of warrants issued under sections 111 and 112 … 55
1 14. Power to convene a summary general court-m artial 55

115 . Composition of general court-martial ...
116 . Composition of district court-martial ... 56
1 17 . Composition of summary general court-m artial 36
118 . General com position o f courts-martial ... 56
1 19 . Summary court-martia] ... ... 56
120. Dissolution of courts-martial ... ” • 57
12 1 . Powers of general and summary general courts-martiai 57
122. Powers of district courts-martial ... ... 58
123. Powers of summary courts-martial ... 58
124. Prohibition of second trial ... ... 58
125. Period of limitation for trial ... ••• 59

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vi CONTENTS
Sections PAGE
126. L ia b ility o f ofifender w ho ceases to be subject to the A c t ... ... 59
127. Place o f trial ... ... ... ... ... 60
12$. C h o ice between crim inal court and court-martial ... ... 60
129. Power o f criminal court to require delivery of ofifender ... ... 60
130. Successive trials b y criminal court and court-martial ... •“ 6i
C H A P T E R X I.
P rocedure of C ourts-M artial.

6I
131. Presiding officer ••• ... … ... 6I
62
62
132. Judge-Advocate ... ... ... … 63
63
63
>33. Challenges … ... ... ... 64
6+
6+
134， Oaths o f member. Judge-advocate and witness ... 65
66
67
135. Voting by members ... ... ... ... .
.67
68
68
70
136. Oeneral rule as to evidence ... ... ... 7
<»-
7I
7I
137. Evidence of accused ... ... ... ... 7a
7*
73
138. Judicial notice ... ... ... 73
139. Summoning witnesses ... ••• ...
140. Documents exempted from production ... ...

141. Commissions for examination of witnesses ... ...
142. Examination o f a witness on commission ... ..
143. Conviction of ofifence not charged ... ...

144. Presumption &9 to signatures ... ... ...
145. Enrolment paper … ... ... ...
146. Presumption as to certain documents ••• …
147. Reference by accused to Government officer ...
148. Evidence of previous convictions andgeneral character ...

149. Lunacy of accused ... ... ... …
i5 〇. Subsequent fitness o f lunatic accused for trial
151. Transmission to the President of orders under section 150
152. Release o f lunatic accused ... ... …

153. Delivery oi lunatic accuse^ torelatives ...
154. Order for custody and disposal of property pending trial
155. O rder for disposal o f property regarding w hich ofTence is committed 73

156. Powers o f court-m artial in relation to proceedings under this A ct 74
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vii CONTENTS
C H A P T E R X II.
C onfirmation and Revision.
Sections page:
157. F in d in g and sentence not v alid , unless confirmed ... ... 74
158. Power to confirm finding and sentence of general court-martial ... 75
159. Power to confirm finding and sentence o f district court-mart ici ... 75
160. L im ita tio n o f powers of confirming authority ... ... 75
161. Pcw er to confirm finding and sentence o f summary general ,court-

nmrt 1&1 ”• •♦ • "• •" ••• 75
162. Power of confirming authority to m itigate, remit or commute sentence 75
163. Confirm ing o f findings and sentences on board a ship ... ... 76
164. R evisio n of finding or sentence ... ... ... ... 76
165. F in d in g and sentence of a summary court-martial ... . .. 76
166. Transm ission of proceedings o f summary court-martial . .. 77
167. A lteration o f finding or sentence in certain cases ... ••• 77
168. Rem edy against order, finding or sentence o f court-martial ••• 78
169. Annulm ent o f proceedings . .. ... . .. ••• 78
C H A P T E R X III.
Execution of Sentences.
170. Form of sentence of death ... … ... . .. フ8
17 1 . Commencement of sentence o f transportation or imprisonment . .. 79
172. Execution of sentence of transportation ... ... ... 79
173. Execution o f sentence of imprisonment ... ... . .. 79
174. Tem porary custody of offender ... … ••• … 8〇
1 7 5 . Execution of sentence o f imprisonment in special cases ••• ••• 80
176 . Offenders sentenced to transportation — H ow dealt w ith u n til trans

ported ••• ••• ••• 8®
177 • *Conveyance o f prisoner from place to place ... . .. … 8o
178. Com m unication of certain orders to prison officers ... ... 80
179. Execution o f sentence o f fine ... ... … … 8i
180. Establishm ent of m ilitary prisons ... ... … 8i
181. Inform ality or error in the order or warrant ... … ••• 8i

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CONTENTS
C H A P T E R XIV.
Pardons, Remissions and Suspensions.
S ection s
18a. Pardon and remission ... ... . .. ...
183. Cancellation o f conditional pardon, release on parole or rémission ...
184. Reduction of warrant officer or non-commissioruLed officer

185. Suspension of sentence of transportation or impr:risonment
186. Orders pend
187. Release on suspension
188. Computation of period of suspension

189. Order after suspension ...
190. Reccmsideration of case after suspension
191. Fresh sentence after suspension ...

19a. Scope of power o f suspension ...
193. EÆsct o f suspension and remission on dismissal or cashiering
CH APTER XV.
Special P rovisions in Relation to S hips .
194. Master of merchant vessel to obey orders of convoying offioa
■ ked ：
195. Other perssons embarked as passengers ... ... ...
ng d iiscipline in ships in naval service in time
i 〇6. Provisions respecting
of ••• ••• •••
19 7 . Provision s i n consequence o f wreck,, loss, destruction or capture of

sh ip s ••• •••
C H A P T E R X V I.
PROPEEms of D ecbasedt P ersons, D eserters and L unatics.
198. Property of deceased person and deserters other than officers
199. Property of officers who*die or desert ... ...
200. Decision of questions as to regimental and other debts in camp or

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ix CONTENTS
S ectio n s PA G E
201. Representative powers of commanding officers or Com m ittee "• 9»

202. Power o f the President to hand over estate of deceased person to the
Adm inistrator- G eneral ... ... • ... “• 93
«03. Disposal o f surplus b y prescribed persons ... ... … 93

2〇4. Disposal o f effects, not money ... ... ... ... 9^
*05. Disposal o f certain property without production of probate, etc. ... 94
ao6. Discharge o f com m anding officer, C om m ittee, prescribed person and
the P residen t ••• ••• ••• ••• 95
a 〇7 ， Propertj^ in th e hands o f commanding officer. Committee or prescribed

person n ot to be assets where com m anding officer, Committee or
prescribed person is stationed ... ... ... 95
ao8. Savin g o f rights o f representative ... ... ... 95

109. A pp lication o f sections 198 to 208 to persons o f unsound mind or to
persons reported missing on active service “• ”• 9^
a 10. A ppointm ent o f Standing Com m ittee o f Adjustm ent in certain cases 96
C H A P T E R X V IL
A ppeals from C ourts-M artial,
a n . Constitution o f Courte-Martial Appeal Court ... 9^

a ia . Supplementary provisions relating to the Courts-Martial Appe
Court ••• ••• ••• ••• 97
a 13. Right o f appeal from court-martial ... 98
a 14. Presentation of memorandum of appeal ... ...
%
at5* Determination o f appeals in ordinary cases ... ... 99
a 1 6. Powers of the C 〇ui：
ts-Martîal Appeal Court ... … 99
a i 7 ， Decision of the Cdurts-Martial Appeal Court, to be final subject
Appeal to Supreme Court ... ... ... 101
ax8. Supplementary powers of the Courts-Martial Appeal Court IO Z
t l 9 ， Right of appellant to present his case in writing ... 104

230. Legal aid to appellants ... ... ... 10+
%%l. Proceedings to be heard in absence o f appellants 104.
122. Right to be represented in appeals ... ... 104:
Suspension o f death sentences ... ' ... ÎO+
924. Restitution of stolen property, etc. ... ... 105
sc$. Person, not'to be tried again where conviction is set aside 10^
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S e c tio n
226. Furnishing on appeal, of documents relating to trial ... ...
aa7. Duties of Registrar with respect to appeals, etc. … ...
aa8. Special references to the Courts-Martial Appeal Court ...
229. Exercise of certain powers of the Courts-Martial Appeal Court by a

jud^c tii£i*cof ••• ••• •••
*30. Rules of Courts-Martial Appeal Court ...
231. Interpretation of substituted finding and sentence
C H A PT E R X V II I.
Rules.
232. Powers to make rules ... ... ••• •••

a t P o w e r to make rules in respect of prisons and prisonen ...
2科 Restriction of rule-making power in regard to corporal punishment
^35. Power to make regulations ... ... •••

Publication of rules and regulations in Gazette ...
S37. Repeal
oooSroo
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THE DEFENCE SERVICES ACT, 1959
(Act No. XLIII of 1959.)
It is hereby enacted as follows :一
CHAPTER I.
Pr e l i m i n a r y .
1 . (i) This Act may be called t;he Defence Services Act, 1959.
(2) It shall come into force on such date as
T id e and Com - the President may, by notification, appoint in
mencement. . . , , ^ ir
this behalf.
2» (1) The following persons shall be subject to this Act wherever

they may be, nam ely:—
Penons subject to
this Act.
⑷ officers o f the Defence Services;

(b) persons enrolled under this Act ;
(c) persons w ho were subject to the Burma Army Act» or the
Burma Naval Discipline Act, 1 9 4 7 , or the Burma Air F o rc e
(Discipline) Act, 19 4 7 , immediately before the commence
ment o f this A c t; and
?d) persons not otherwise subject to military law, who, on active

service, in camp, on the march, or at any frontier post
specified b y the President by notification in this behalf,
are employed by, or are in the service of, or are followers
of, or accompany any portion of, the Defence Services.
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2
(2) Every person subject to this Act under sub-section (i)# clause
(a)9 (b) or (c) shall remain so subject until his services are terminated
or he is duly retired, discharged, removed, dismissed, or cashiered
from the service.
3 , In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject

or context—
D e6nitions.
(a) " active service ” as applied I〇 à person subject to this Act，

means the time during which such person一
ï：
i) is attached to, or foi^ms part of, a force which is engaged
in military operatictas against an enemy, or
(2) is engaged in military pperations in, or is on the line of
march to, a country or place wholly or partly occupied
by an enemy, or
(3) is attached to or forms part of a force which is in military

occupation of a foreign country ,*
(fc) "a ircraft" includes aeroplanes# balloons, kite balloons, air

ships, gliders or other machines for flying ;
Jc) aircraft materialM includes any engines,' fittings, guns,

gear, instruments or apparatus for use in connection with
aircraft, and any of its components and accessories and
petrol, pil, and any other substance used for providing
motive power for planer;
(d) ** air s i g n a l m e a n s any signal intended for the guidance of

aircraft, whether given by flag,, ground signal, light, .wma
indicator or in any manner whatsoever;1
( 1 ) Mcivil offenceM means an offence which, if committed in the

Union of Burma, would be triable by a criminal court;
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s ç c o c o g ii
(f) ^ civil prison M means any jail or place used for the detention
of any criminal prisoner under the Prisons Act, or any
other law fcft* the time being in force ;
{g) Mcommanding officer ** used in relation to a person subject

to this Act means the officer for the time being in com
mand of the unit or detachment to which such person
belongs or is attached, or any officer specified as such by
the President;
(ti) corps M means any separate body of persons subject to this

Act which is prescribed as a corps for the purposes of all
or any of the provisions of this Act ;
<i) “ court-martial” means a court-martial held under this Act;
(/) 44Courts-Martial Appeal C o u r t m e a n s the Courts-Martial

Appeal Court constituted under Chapter XVII of this Act ;
(k) criminal court ** means a court of ordinary criminal justice

in the Union of Burma;
(i) " Defence ServicesM means the army, the navy, and the air
force ;
(m) ^department0 includes any division or branch of a depart

ment;
(n) enemy M includes all armed mufmeers, armed rebels, armed
rioters, pirates and any person in arms against whom it is
the duty of a person subject to military law to act;
(o) 4, military ** shall be construed to refer to any or all of the

Defence Services;
(p) ** military c u s t o d y m e a n s the arrest or confinement of a

person* according to the custom of the Defence Services ;
iq) 9t military prisonM means a miKtary prison established under

the provisions of section 180 of this A c t and indudes a
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m ilita r y p riso n as notified b y th e President fr o m tim e t a

t im e ;
)(r) Mm ilita r y r e w a rd '* includes a n y g ra tu ity o r a n n u ity fo r lo n g

se rv ic e o r g o o d conduct, a n y good co n d u ct p a y , good
service pay or pension, and a n y other m ilita r y p e c u n ia ry
re w a rd ;
(s) “ non -com m ission ed o fficer” m eans a person h o ld in g non

com m issio n ed ra n k in the D e fen ce Services, and in clu d es a n
a ctin g npn-com m issioned o 伍 c e r ;
(t) ** o f f e n c e M m ean s a n y a ct o r om ission p u n ish ab le under th is

A c t and in clu d e s a d v il offen ce as h erein b efo re d efin ed ;
(u) " o f f i c e r ” m ean s a person com m issioned, g azetted o r in p a y

as an officer in a n y o f the D efen ce Services ;
(v) “ p rescrib ed ’’ m eans prescribed b y rules m ad e under th is

Act;
fw ) ** p r o v o s t m a r s h a lM means a person appointed as su ch u nd er

se ctio n 109 and includes a n y o f his depu ties o r assistants
o r a n y o th e r person legally exercisin g a u th o rity u nd er h im
o r on his b e h a lf ;
(x) v r e g i s t r a r m e a n s the registrar o f the C ou rts-M artial A p p ea l

C o u rt;
(y ) ,4 R u les o f C ourts-M artial A ppeal C o u r t M m eans th e R u les

o f the C ou rts-M artial A p p ea l C o u rt m ade b y th e Su prem e
C o u rt w ith th e approval o f th e P residen t;
(z) “ su p erior o ffic e r ” w hen used in relation ïo a p erson su b ject

to this A c t , includes a w a rra n t oflScer and a n on -com m is
sioned o ffic e r ;
(fltf) “ u n it ’’ in clu d es—
(1) a n y b o d y o f officers and o th er ranks fo r w h ic h a sep arate

a u th o rized establishm ent e x is t s ;
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(2) a n y o th e r se p ara te b o d y o f persons com posed w h o lly o r

p a r t ly o f p erso n s su b je c t t o th is A c t, and specified as a
u n it b y th e P rescribed ;
(bb) w a r r a n t o f f i c e r m e a n s a p e rso n appointed o r in p a y as a

w a r r a n t officer in the D e fe n c e S e rv ic e s;
(cc) th e ex p ressio n “ regim en tal and o th er debts in ca m p or

q u a rters ” in clu d e s m o n e y d u e as m ilita ry debts, n a m e ly ,
su m s due in re sp e c t o f, o r o f a n y a d van ce in resp ect o f —
(1) q u a rte r s ;
(2) m ess, band, an d o th e r re g im e n ta l a c c o u n ts ;
(3) m ilita r y c lo th in g , a p p o in tm en ts and equipm ents, n o t

e x ce e d in g a su m eq u al t o th ree months* p a y o f th e
d eceased , and h a v in g b e c o m e due w ith in eighteen m o n th s
b e fo r e his d e a t h ;
(dd) Mr e p r e s e n t a t i o n i n c l u d e s p r o b a te and letters o f adm in istra

tio n w it h o r w ith o u t th e w i l l an n exed and a su ccession
ce rtifica te co n stitu tin g a p erso n th e e x e c u to r o r a d m in
istra to r o f th e esta te o f a d ecea sed person o r a u th o rizin g
h im to re c e iv e o r re a lize th e n e t assets o f a d eceased
p erso n ;
(ee) “ r e p r e s e n ta tiv e ” m eans any p erson who has ta k e n out

rep resen tatio n but does not in clu d e an A d m in istrator-
G en eral ;
\t[) ** C o u rt o f I n q u i r y m e a n s C o u r t o f In q u iry co n stitu ted in

a c c o rd a n c e w i t h th e ru les m a d e under this A ct.
(gg) a ll w o r d s and ex p ressio n s u sed h erein and defined in th e

P en al C o d e an d h ere in b e fo re defined shall b e d eem ed t o
h a v e th e m ean in gs r e sp e c tiv e ly attrib u ted to them b y th a t
C o d e.
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CHAPTER II.
A pplication of A ct .
4. ( i ) T h e P resident m a y , b y notification, a p p ly a ll o r an y o f the

. p ro v isio n s o f this A c t t o a n y fo r c e raised and
Ac^ 〇 certain forces m ain tain ed b y the Parliam ent o r a S ta te C o u n c il,
under the U nion o r xmder th e a u th o rity o f th e President.
Governm ent.
(2) O n su ch n o tifica tio n b ein g m ade, a n y p rov isio n s o f this A c t

so ap p lied sh a ll h a v e e ffe c t in respect o f persons b elo n g in g to a n y
su ch fo r c e as t h e y h a ve efEect in respect o f persons su b je ct to this A c t
holding in th e D e fe n c e S ervices th e sam e ran k as th e aforesaid persons
hold fo r th e tim e b ein g in th e fo r c e to w h ich th is A c t is so applied,
and sh all h a v e efFect in re sp e c t o f persons w h o are em p lo y ed b y , o r
are in th e se rv ic e d f, o r are fo llo w è r s o f, or a c c o m p a n y a n y p ortion o f
a n y £iuch fo r c e as th e y h a v e e ffe ct in respect o f persons su b ject to
th is A c t u n d er cla u se (d) o f sub-section (i) o f se ctio n 2.
(3) W h ile a n y o f the p ro v isio n s o f this A c t a p p ly to a n y such

fo rce, tile P resident m ay , b y n o tificatio n , direct b y w h a t a u th o rity a n y
jurisd iction , p o w e rs or d uties in cid en t to the op eration of these p ro v i
sions, sh a ll b e ex ercised o r p erfo rm ed in resp ect o f th a t fo rce , and
m ^ y suspend t h e op eration o f a n y other en actm en t f o r th e tim e being
app licab le t o h a t fo rce.
5. (1) T h e P resid en t m a y , b y notification, d irect th a t a n y persons

o r d a s s o f *persons .s u b je c t t o th is A c t under
Special provisions clause t(d) o f sub-section h ) o f se ctio n 2, shall
cases. b e so su b je c t as oflBcers, w a r ra n t officers o r n o n
com m ission ed officers, aiid m a y a u th o rize a n y
officer to g iv e a lik e d irection w it h respect t o a n y su ch persons an d t o
can cel su c h d irectio n .
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7
(2) A ll persons su b ject to th is A c t o th er than officers, w a r r a n t

ofR cers and non -com m issioned officers sh a ll, if th e y are n o t p erson s in
resp ect o f w h o m a notification o r d ire ctio n under sub-section ( i) is in
fo rc e , be deem ed to be o f a rank in ferio r to th at o f a non-com m issioned
officer.
6. (1) E ve ry p erso n su bject to th is A c t under clause (d) o f su b

section (1) o f se ctio n 2, shall, fo r th e pu rposes o f
Com m anding officer th is A c t, be d eem ed to be under th e co m m an d in g
o f persons subject to
m ilitary law under officer o f th e co rp s, departm ent, u n it, ship,
clause (d) o f sub-sec establishm ent o r d eta ch m en t to w h ic h h e is
tion (i) of section 2.
attached, and i f h e is n o t attach ed to a n y co rp s,
d ep a rtm en t, u n it, sh ip, establish m en t or d etach m en t, u n d er the
c o m m a n d o f a n y o fficer w h o m a y f o r th e tim e being be nam ed as his
co m m a n d in g officer b y th e officer co m m a n d in g th e fo rc e w ith w h ic h
su ch person m a y fo r the tim e b ein g b e serving, o r o f a n y o th er
p rescrib ed officer, o r , i f n o such officer is n am ed o r prescribed under the
co m m a n d o f th e said officer co m m a n d in g th e fo rce.
(2) A n officer com m an d in g a fo r c e shall n o t p lace a person under

th e co m m an d o f an officer o f ran k in fe rio r to th at o f su ch person, i f
th e re is present a t th e p lace w h e re su ch p erson is a n y officer o f h ig h e r
ra n k u n d er w h o se com m an d he ca n b e placed.
7. W h e n e v e r p erson s subject to th is A c t are serving u n d er an

officer co m m a n d in g a n y m ilita ry o rg a n iza tio n
Officers exercising n o t in this se c tio n sp ecifica lly nam ed, and bein g
in t certain jn the op in ion o f th e President not less th an a
brigade in th e case o f th e arm y , and n ot less th an
a fo rm a tio n p rescrib ed as an e q u iv a le n t to th e brigade (arm y) in the
case o f th e n a v y o r air force, the P resident m a y prescribe the officer b y
w h o m the p o w ers w h ic h under th is A c t m a y be exercised b y th e 0 伍 cers
co m m an d in g arm ies, a rm y corps, d iv isio n s and brigades in th e case
o f th e a rm y o r b y oflScers co m m a n d in g eq u iv a len t fo rm atio n s in th e
case o f th e n a v y an d the air fo r c e sh a ll, as regards su ch person s, be
ex ercised .
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8. N o tw ith stan d in g a n y th in g c o n ta in e d in cla u se (a) o f sectio n 3,
th e President m a y , b y n o tifica tio n , d eclare th at
Power to. declare a n y person o r cla ss o f persons su b je c t to this
•criveêrvke.be 〇 n A ct w ith referen ce t o a n y area in w h ic h
th e y m a y b e se rv in g o r w it h re fe re n ce to an y
provision o f this A c t o r o f a n y o th e r la w fo r the tim e b ein g in fo rce , be
deem ed to be on a ctiv e service w ith in th e m ean in g o f th is A c t.
C H A P T E R III.
C ommission and Enrolment .
9 • 丁he President m a y g ra n t a co m m issio n t o a n y p erso n as an

Commission. officer in t h e D e fe n c e S e rv ic e s..
10. N o person w h o is n o t a c itiz e n o f the U n io n shall, e x c e p t w ltù

th e co n sen t o f th e President signified in w ritin g ,
Ineligibility of aliens be en ro lled in th e D e fen ce Services.
1 1 , Fem ales shall b e eligib le f o r en ro lm en t o r e m p lo y m e n t in the

D e fe n c e S e rv ic e s in su ch co rp s, d epartm ent,
Eligibility o f females b ran ch o r o th e r b o d y fo rm in g p a rt o f attach ed
fo r enrolment or
employment. to a n y p o rtio n o f th e D e fe n c e S ervices as the
P resident m a y , b y n o tifica tio n , s p e c ify in th is
b eh a lf.
12. U pon th e a p p ea ra n ce b e f o r e th e p rescrib ed en ro llin g officer

o f a n y p e r so n d esirou s o f b e in g en ro lled , th e
Procedure ^ efore en ro llin g o ffic e r sh all read an d e x p la in to h im ,
e 80 er, o r ca u se t o b e read and e x p la in e d to h im in his
presence, th e con d ition s o f th e s e r v ic e f o r w h ic h h e is to b e en ro lled ;
and sh all p u t t o h im th e q u estio n s s e t fo r th in th e p rescrib ed fo r m o f
en ro lm en t, an d shall, a fte r h a v in g c a u tio n e d h im th a t if h é m akes a *
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under th is A c t, record or cause to b e record ed his a n sw er to ea ch

su ch q u estio n .
13. If,
a fte r c o m p ly in g w i t lî the p rov isio n s o f section 12, th e
en ro llin g officer is satisfied th at th e person
Mode of enrolment. desirous 〇f being en ro lled fu lly understands th e
q u estion s p u t to him and consents to th e con d itio n s o f service, and if
h e p e rc e iv e s n o im p ed im en t he shall sign and shall also cau se th e
p erson t o sign the en ro lm en t paper, and th e person shall th en b e
d eem ed to b e enrolled.
14. E v e r y person w h o has fo r the sp ace o f three m on ths been in

receip t p f m ilitary p a y as an en rolled person and
Validity o f enrol- borne on th e ro lls o f a n y corp s, d ep a rtm en t,
u n it o r ship shall b e deem ed to h a v e been d u ly
en ro lled an d shall n o t b e entitled to cla k n h is discharge on* th e grou nd
o f a n y irr e g u la r ity o r ille g a lity in his en ro lm en t or oi> a n y oth er grou nd
w h a tso e v e r ; and if w ith in the said th ree m on ths süch p erson claim s
his d isch a rg e a n y su ch irreg u la rity or ille g a lity or oth er grou nd shall
n o t, u n til s u c h person is d isch a r^ d in p u rsu a n ce o f his claim , a ffe c t
h is p o sitio n as an en ro lled person under th is A c t o r in v alid a te a n y
p ro ceed in gs, a c t or th in g taken or done p rio r to his discharge.
A ttestation .
15. T h e fo llo w in g persons shall be a tteste d , n am ely :一

(a) all perscMis en ro lled as com b atan ts ;
Persons to be (b) all persons selected t o) be non-commission*ed
Attested. officers or a c tin化g non-com m issiom ed
o ffice rs; and
fc) all o th e r en rolled persons p rescribed b y th e President.
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16, (i) W h e n a person w h o is to b e a tte s te d is rep orted fit fo r d u ty ,

or has c o m p le te d t h e p rescrib ed p e rio d o f p ro b a-
Modeof attestation tion , o a th o r a ffirm a tio n sh all b e a d m in istered
to h im in the p re sc rib e d form b y h is c o m m a n d in g ofiBcer in fr o n t o f h is
c o r p s o r such p d r tio n th ere o f o r su ch m e m b e rs o f h is d ep a rtm en t, u n it,
oc ship, as m a y b e p resen t o r b y a n y o th e r p re sc rib e d person.
(2) T h e fo r m o f oath or affirm a tion p re sc rib e d u n d er th is se c tio n

shall co n tain a p ro m ise th at th e p erso n t o b e attested w ill b e fa ith f u l
to th e C o n s titu tio n , and th at h e w i l l s e r v e in t h e D e fe n c e S erv ices a n d
g o w h e re v e r h e is ord ered b y la n d o r sea o r a ir , an d d ia t h e w ill o b e y
a î l com m and s o f a n y o 伍 cer set o v e r h im , e v e n to th e p eril o f h is lif e .
(3) T h e f a c t o f a n en rolled p erso n h a v in g ta k é n -the o a th o r affirm a

tio n d irected by th is sectio n t o be ta k e n sh a ll b e en tered o n h is e n ro l
m e n t paper, a n d a u th en tica ted b y th e sig n a tu re o f th e o ffice r
adm in isterin g th e o a th or a ffirm ation .
C H A P T E R IV .
C onditions of Se r v ic e .
17, S u b ject to th e p ro v isio n s o f th is A c t a n d th e ru les a n d r e g u la

tio n s m ad e th e re u n d e r, th e President m a y
Term m ationô^ dism iss o r re m o v e fr o m th e se rv ice, a n y p erso n
•• su b ject to th is A c t .
1 8 . (1) T h e Q i i e f o f S taff m a y d ism iss o r r e m o v e fro m th e s e r v ic e

a n y p erso n s u b je c t t o th is A c t o th er th a n an
Dism issal or re - officer*
S e ^ h i e f o S r J ：! (2) T h e C h ie f o f S ta ff m a y red u ce t o a
by other officers. lo w e r g ra d e o r ra n k o r to th e ran k s a n y w a r r a n t
o r a n y n o A -co m m issio n ed ofl5ccr.
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(3) A n o fficer co m m a n d in g a form ation n o t less th an a brigade in

th e ca se o f th e a rm y , a fo rm a tio n prescribed as e q u iv a le n t to n o t less
than a b rigad e (arm y) in the case o f the n a v y or air fo rc e , o r a n y o th er
p rescrib ed officer, m a y dism iss o r rem ove fro m th e se rv ice a n y person
u n d er his co m m a n d o th e r th an an officer :
P rovid ed th a t a W a rr a n t O fficer, Class I, shall n o t be dism issed

o r re m o v e d fro m th e se rv ice b y an officer oth er than th e C h ie f o f Staff.
(4) A n y su ch officer as is m ention ed in sub-section (3) m a y red u ce

to a lo w e r g ra d e o r ran k o r th e ranks, an y w a rra n t officer o r a n y n o n
co m m issio n ed ofi&cer u nd er h is com m an d :
P ro vid ed th a t a w a rra n t officer reduced to th e ran ks shall n o t be

req u ired t o se rv e in the ran ks against his w i s h . .
(5> T h e co m m a n d in g 0 伍 ce r o f an acting non-com m issioned officer

m a y o rd e r h im t o r e v e rt t o his perm anent grade as a n on -com m issioned
o fficer o r, if h e h a s i no p erm an en t grade above th e ran ks, to the ran ks.
(6) T h e e x e r c is e o f a n y p o w e r s under th is se ctio n sh a ll b e su b je c t

to th e p ro v isio n s o f th is A c t an d the rules and regu latio n s m ade th ere
u nd er.
19. S u b je ct to th e p rov isio n s o f any la w fo r the tim e bein g in fo rce

rela tin g to th e D efence Services o r to a n y b ran ch
Power to m odify th e re o f, th e President m a y , b y n o tifica tio n m ak e
certain fundam ental • • , , • .
rights in their applies- rules r e s tn c tin g to such e x te n t an d in su ch m an-
tion to ^person^ sub- ner as m a y be necessary th e rig h t o f a n y person
" S • su b ject t o this A c t—
(ü ) to b e a m em ber o f, o r to be associated in a n y w a y w ith ,
a n y trad e u n ion o r lab ou r union, o r a n y class o f tra d e o r
la b o u r u nions o r a n y society, in stitu tio n o r association^
o r a n y class o f so cieties, institutions o r asso cia tio n s:
(b) to atten d o r address a n y m eeting or t o t a k e p a rt in a n y

d em on stration o rg a n ized b y a n y b o d y o f persons fo r a n y
p o litic a l o r o th er purposes ;
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12
(c) to co m m u n icate w ith th e press o r to p u b lish o r cau se t o b e

pu blished a n y b o o k , le tte r o r o th er d o cu m en t.
2 0 . A n y p erson su b ject to th is A c t m a y b e retired , o r d isch arged

fro m the se rv ice b y su ch a u th o r ity and in su ch
Red i s S te.〇 r m an ner as m a y b e p rescribed .
2 1 . E v e ry en ro lled person w h o is dism issed, rem o v ed , d isch arged ,

o r retired fro m th e se rv ice, sh a l 】 b e fu rn ish ed
Certificate on termina- b y his co m m a n d in g o fficer w it h a ce rtifica te
setting fo r th —
(û) th e a u th o rity term in a tin g his se rv ice :
(b) th e cau se o f su ch te rm in a tio n ; and
(c) th e p erio d o f his se rv ice in th e D e fe n c e S ervices.
22. ( i) A n y person en rolled u n d er th is A c t , w h o is en title d u n d er

th e co n d itio n s o f his e n ro lm e n t to b e d isch arged .
Discharge or dis- o r w h o se d isch arge is o rd ered b y c o m p e te n t
a u th o rity , a n d w h o , w h e n h e is so e n title d o r
ordered to b e d isch arged , is se rv in g o u t o f th e
U n ion o f B u rm a, and requests t o b e sen t to th e U n io n o f B u rm a, sh a ll,
b efo re b ein g d ischarged , be se n t to th e U n io n o f B urm a w ith a ll
c o n v e n ie n t speed.
(2) A n y p erso n en rolled u n d er th is A c t w h o is dism issed fro m th e

se rv ice and w h o , w h e n he is so dism issed, is se rv in g o u t o f th e U n io n
o f B urm a, shall b e se n t to th e U n io n o f B u rm a w it h all c o n v e n ie n t
sp eed :
P rovid ed th a t, w h e re a n y su ch p erson is se n ten ced to dism issal

co m b in ed w ith a n y o th er p u n ish m en t, su ch o th e r p u n ish m en t, o r in
the case o f a se n ten ce o f tra n sp o rta tio n o r im p riso n m e n t, a p o rtio n
o f su ch sen ten ce, m a y be in flicted b e fo re h e is se n t to th e U n io n o f
Burm a.
(3) F or th e pu rposes o f th is se c tio n th e w o r d “ d ism issa l•’ sh a ll

in clu d e re m o v a l.
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13
C H A PT E R V.
S e r v ic e P r iv il e g e s .
2 3 . T h e p a y and a llo w a n c e s o f e v e ry person subject to this A c t

due to him as su ch under a n y regu latio n fo r
Authorized deduc- th e tim e begin in fo rce shall be paid w ith o u t
tions only to be made a n y d edu ction o th er than the deductions authoriz-
from pav and allowan- , , , , . , . ^
ces, • ed b y or under th is or any other A ct.
24. (i) Any person subject to this Act, other than an o伍cer, who
deems himself wronged by any superior or other
R e m e d y 〇f a g g r i e v e d officer, may, if not attached to a unit or detach-
officc^S other than m ent, complain to the officer under whose com
mand or orders he is serving ; and may, if attach
ed to a unit or detachment, complain to the officer commanding the
same.
(2) W h e n the o fficer com plain ed again st is the officer to w h o m a n y

c o m p la in t shou ld , u n d er sub-section ( i) , be preferred, the aggrieved
person m a y co m p lain to su c h officer’s n e x t superior officer.
(3) E v e ry officer r e c e iv in g an y su ch com plaint shall m ake as c o m

p le te an in v estig a tio n in to it as m a y be possible fo r g iv in g fu ll
redress to th e co m p la in a n t ; or, w h en necessary, reier the co m p lain t to
.superior a u th o rity .
(4) E v e ry such c o m p la in t shall be preferred in such m an ner as

m a y fro m tim e to tim e be specified b y th e proper au th ority.
(5> 丁he President m a y revise a n y decision b y the C h ie f o f Staff

u n d er sub-section (2), b u t, su b ject th ere to , the decision o f the C h ie f o f
S taff sh all be final.
25. A n y officer w h o deem s h im self w ro n ged b y his co m m an d in g

o ffic e r or a n y su p erio r officer ând w h o o n due
Rem edy o f aggrieved a p p lic a tio n m ad e t o his com m anding officer
officers. d o e s n o t receive th e redress to w h ich he considers
33S>0DS ^11
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14
h im self en title d , m a y co m p lain to th e P resident in su ch m an n er as

m a y fro m tim e to tim e be specified b y the p ro p e r a u th o rity .
26. N eith er th e arm s, clo th es, eq u ip m en t, a c c o u tre m e n ts o r

necessaries o f a n y p erson su b je c t to th is A c t
Immunity from n o r a n y an im al used b y h im f o r th e d isch a rg e
attachment. o f his d u ty , shall b e se iz e d , n o r shall th e p a y
a n d a llo w a n ces o f a n y su ch p erson o r a n y p a n th e r e o f b e a tta ch ed , b y
d irectio n o f a n y c iv il o r reven u e c o u rt or a n y r e v e n u e o fficer in satis
fa c tio n o f a n y d ecree o r order ep fo rcea b le again st h im .
27. (x) N o p erso n su b je c t t o th is A c t shall^ s o lo n g as h e b e lo n g s t o

th e D e fen c e Services b e lia b le t o b e arrested fo r
Im m unity from d eb t u n d er a n y process issu ed b y , o r b y th e
arrest for debt. a u th o rity o f, a n y c iv il o r re v e n u e c o u r t o r
rev en u e officer.
(2) T h e Judge o f a n y su ch c o u r t o r th e said o ffice r m a y e x a m in e

in to a n y co m p la in t m ad e b y su ch person o r h is su p e rio r o 伍 ce r o f th e
a rrest o f such p erso n c o n tr a r y t o th e p ro v isio n s o f th is se ctio n a n d m a y ；
b y w a rra n t u n d er his hand , d isch arge the person , a n d a w a rd reason able
c o sts t o th e co m p la in a n t w h o m a y re co v e r th ese c o sts in lik e m an n er
as h e m ig h t h a v e re co v e re d co st a w a rd ed to h im b y a d ecree again st
th e p erso n o b ta in in g th e process.
(3) F o r th e r e c o v e r y o f su ch co sts n o c o u rt-fe e shall b e p a y a b le

b y th e co m p la in a n t.
28. (1) N o p re d d in g officer o r m em b er o f a co u rt-m a rtia l, n o ju d g e

a d v o c a te , n o p a r ty t o a n y p ro c e e d in g b e fo r e a
immunity of persons co u rt-m artial, o r his le g a l p ra c titio n e r o r , agent»
martial 8fr〇m a rm t, n o w itn e ss a c tin g in o b e d ie n c e to a su m m on s
t o atten d a co u rt-m artial sh a ll, w h ile p ro c e e d in g
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15
to , atten din g, o r retu rn in g fr o m a co u rt-m a rtia l, b e lia b le t o arrest

under d v i l o r re v e n u e process,
(2) If a n y s u c h person is arrested u n d er a n y su ch process, h e m a y

b e discharged b y o rd er o f th e co u rt-m a rtia l.
29. E v e ry p erso n b e lo n g in g t o th e U n io n o f B u n n a R eserve F o rce s

shall, w h e n c a lle d o u t fo r o r en gaged in o r
Privileges 〇f returning fro m tra in in g o r service, be en titled
reservists. to a ll th e p riv ile g e s a cco rd e d *by sectio n s 2 6 and
2 7 to a p erson su b je c t t o th is A c t.
30. ( i ) O n th e p resen tation to a n y c o u r t b y o r on b e h a lf o f a n y

p erso n su b je c t to th is A c t o f a ce rtifica te fro m
Priority in respect th e p ro p er m ilita r y 'a u th o r ity o f leave b f ab sen ce
ïe S ê * u £ iS n ! h a v in g ^ to or {6r ^
f o r th e p u rp ose o f p ro secu tin g o r d efen d in g a n y
su it or o th e r p ro ceed in g in su ch c o u rt, th e co u rt shall, o n th e ap p li
ca tio n o f su c h person , a rra n g e , so f a r as m a y b e possible, f o r th e
hearin g and fin al disposal o f su ch su it o r o th e r proceed in g w ith in the
period o f t h e le a v e so g ra n ted o r a p p lie d fo r.
:(2) T h e ce rtific a te fro m th e p ro p e r m ilita r y a u th o rity sh a ll sta te

the first and la s t d a y o f th e le a v e o r in te n d e d leave* and se t fo r th a
description o f th e case w it h resp e ct t o w h ic h th e le a v e w a s g ra n ted
o r applied fo r .
(3) N o fe e sh a ll b e p a y a b le t o th e c o u r t in resp ect o f th e p resen tatio n

o f an y su ch certificate, o r o f a n y a p p lic a tio n b v or on b e h a lf o f a n y
such person f o r p r io r ity f o r th e h earin g o f his case.
(4) W h e r e th e c o u rt is u n ab le t o a rra n g e fo r th e hearin g an d final

disposal o f th e su it o r o th e r p ro ceed in g w ith in th e period o f su ch
le a v e o r in te n d e d le a v e as afo resaid , i t sh a ll reco rd its reason s f o r its
in a b ility t o d o so, and sh all cau se a c o p y th ere o f to b e fu rn ish e d to
such person o n h is a p p licatio n w ith o u t a n y p a y m e n t w h a te v e r b y him
in respect e ith e r o f the a p p lic a tio n f o r su ch c o p y o r o f th e c o p y itself.
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16
I f in a n y ca se a question arises as to the p rop er m ilita r y a u th o rity

Bed to -gran t su ch certificate as aforesaid^ su ch question shall a t
fln c e b e referred b y th e c o u rt t o an ofScer com m an d in g a fo rm a tio n
n o t less th an a b rig a d e in th e c a se o f th e arm y, a fo rm a tio n p rescribed
a s eq u iva len t t o n o t less th an a b rig a d e (army) in th e case o f th e n a v y
or a ir fo r c e , o r a n y o th er p resc rib ed officer, w h o se decision sh all b e
fin a l
3 1 . T h e rights, an d p rivile ges specified in th e preced ing sections

o f this C h a p te r shall b e in ad d ition to , and n o t
Saving of rights and in d ero g atio n o f, an y oth er righ ts and p n v ile g e s
gm^lcges under other co n ferred o n persons su b ject t o th is A c t g e n e ra lly
b y a n y o th e r l a w fo r th e tim e b ein g in fo rc e .
C H A P T E R VI.
O ffen ces.
3L A n y p erson su b je c t to th is A c t w h o com m its a n y o f th e fo llo w in g

o f f r e s , t h a t is t o say,—
O ffence, in relation (a) s h a m e fu fly a i d o n s , o r d eH vert u p a n y

t o the enemy and pun- garrison,, fortress, p ost, p lace, sh ip o r
iih a b le with death. gu a rd , com m itted t o his ch arge, o r w h ic h
i t is h is d u t y t o d e fe n d , o r uses a n y m eans t o co m p el
in d u c e a n y to m iM n d in g officer o r a n y o th er person t o
c o m m it a n y erf th e sa id a c t s ; or
{&) in te n tio n a lly uses a n y m e a n s to com pel o r in d u ce a n y p erson

su b je c t t o m ilita iy l a w t o abstain fro m a ctin g again st th e
tnemy, o r t o d isco u ra g e such person fr o m a ctin g again st
A c e n e m y ; or
(c) in t h e p re se n c e o f th e e n e m y , sh a m eh illy casts a w a y h is

a n n s, to o ls# o r equipm ent o r m isbehaYes in
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17
{d) tre a c h e ro u sly h old s correspon d en ce w it h , o r co m m u n icates

in te llig e n c e t o th e en e m y o r a n y p erson in arm s again st th e
U n io n o f B u r m a ; o r
(e) d ire c tly o r in d ire c tly assists th e e n e m y w i t h m o n e y , arm s,

a m m u n itio n , stores or s u p p lie s ； or
(f) tre a ch e ro u sly o r th ro u gh c o w a rd ic e sends a fla g o f tru ce t o

th e e n e m y ；o r
(g) in tim e o f w a r o r during a n y m ilita ry o p e r a tio n , in te n tio n a lly

o cca sio n s fa lse alarm in a ctio n , c a m p , g arriso n , qu arters,
u n it, p la c e o r sh ip , o r sp read s rep o rts c a lc u la te d to c re a te
ala rm o r d e sp o n d e n c y ; o r
(h) in tim e o f a ctio n leav es his co m m a n d in g ofi&cer o r his p ost,

gu ard , p icq u et, patro l o r p a rty w it h o u t b e in g r e g u la rly
re lie v e d o r w ith o u t le a v e ; o r
(i) h a v in g b een m ad e a p rison er o f w a r , o r w h i l e b e in g a p riso n er

in th e hands o f th e e n e m y , v o lu n t a r ily serves w it h or
aid s th e e n e m y ; o r
(j) k n o w in g ly h arb o u rs or p ro té cts an -enem y not b ein g

a p r is o n e r ; o r
(k ) b e in g on w a tc h on a ship o r a sen tay in tim e o f w a r r o r a la rm ,

sleep s u p o n h is p o st o r is in t o x ic a t e d ; o r
(I) k n o w in g ly does a n y a c t c a lc u la te d t o im p e ril th e su ccess o f

th e fo rc e s o f th e D e fe n c e S erv ices car a n y fo r c e s co -o p eratin g
th e re w ith o r a n y p a rt o f su ch fo r c e s ; o r
(m) treacheroxisly uses a n y fa ls e a ir signal o r a lters o r in terferes

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18
(n) w h e n o rd ered b y h is su p e rio r ofiBcer o r otherw ise u n d e r

ord ers t o c a r r y o u t a n y m ilita ry operation s, tre ach ero u sly
o r s h a m e fu lly fa ils t o u se his u tm o st exertions t o c a n y
su c h orders in to e f f e c t ; o r
(o) in tim e o f a c tio n , does n o t affo rd a ll practicable re lie f and

a ssistan ce t o a n y tro o p s, ço m b ata n ts, ships, o r a ir c r a ft
o f th e D e fe n c e Services o r a n y fo rc e s c o o p e ra tin g th e re
w ith ; or
(p) tre a c h e r o u sly o r sh a m e fu lly cau ses th e ca p tu re or d estru ctio B

b y th e e n e m y o f an ^ a ir c r a ft, ship, ta n k , gun or a n y o th er
m ilita r y p r o p e rty b e lo n g in g t o the D e fen c e S e rv ic es;
sh a ll, o n c o n v ic tio n b y co u rt-m a rtia L b e lia b le t o su ffer death o r su ch
less p u n ish m e n t as is in th is A c t m en tion ed .
33. A n y s p y f o r th e e n e m y sh all b e d eem ed t o b e a person s u b je c t

t o th is A c t an d sh a ll, o n c o n v ic tia i b y cou rt-
O Ç en œ 〇f being a m artial, b e lia b le t o su ffer deatb^ tx transportation^
«py fo r the enençry pud
punishable w ith death. o r iin p riso n m en t# a n d sh a ll also b e U able t o
fine.
3 4 . A n y p erso n su b je c t t o th is -A c t w h o co m m its a n y o f the f o llo w in g

o ffen ces th^ t .js t o s a y #—
Offences in relation (a) is ta k e n priscm er, b y w a n t erf due precaution^
o r th ro u g h d iso b ed ie n ce o f w d ers, o r w ilf u l
n e g le c t o f • d u ty , o r havin g been tak e n
p riso n er fa ils to rejo i^ th e D efence S e rv ic es
w h e n a b le t o d o s o ; o r
(h) w itK o u t d u e a u th o r ity h o ld s co rresp o n d en ce w ith or co m

m u n ica te s in te llig e n c e t o th e e n e m y o r h a m g com e, b y
th e k n o w le d g e o f a n y su ch co rresp o n d en ce or co m m u n ica
tio n , w ilf u lly o r n e g lig e n tly o m its to d is c o v e r it im m e d ia te ly
t o h is co m m a n d in g o r o th e r su p e rio r o fficer ; o r
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19
(c) w ith o u t due a u th o rity sends a flag o f tr u c e t o th e e n e m y ;

or
(d) n e g lig e n tly cau ses the ca p tu re o r d estru ctio n b y th e e n e m y
o f a n y a ircra ft, ship, ta n k , gun o r a n y o th e r m ilita r y
p ro p e rty b elo n gin g to the D e fen c e Services ; o r
(e) w h e n ordered b y his su p erio r officer, o r o th e rw is e u n d er

ord ers to c a rry o u t a n y m ilita ry op eration s, n e g lig e n tly or
th ro u gh o th er d efau lt fa ils to use his u tm o st ex ertio n s to
c a r r y su th orders in to e f f e c t ;
shall, on c o n v ic tio n b y court-m artial, b e liable to su ffe r im p rison m en t

fo r a term w h ic h m a y e x te n d to fo u rteen y e a rs o r su c h less p u nishm en t
as is in th is A c t m ention ed.
35. A ny p erson su b ject to this A c t who c o m m its any of th e

fo llo w in g offen ces, th a t is to s a y ,一
Offences punishable (a) fo rces a safegu ard , or fo r c e s o r uses crim in al
more severely on fo rc e to a s e n t r y ; or
active service than at
other times.
(b) b reak s in to a n y house o r o th e r p lace in search

o f p lu n d e r ；o r
(c) b e in g o n w a tc h on a ship o r a se n try sleeps u p o n his p o st, o r

is in to x ic a te d ; o r
(d) b ein g a se n try , or on guard, plunders or w i l f u ll y d estroys o r

in ju re s a n y p ro p e rty p laced under h is c h a rg e o r u n d er
ch a rg e o f h is guard ; or
(e) w ith o u t orders fro m his su p e rio r officer le a v e s his gu ard ,

p icq u e t, p a tro l o r p o s t; or
(f) cau ses fa lse alarm in action , cam p , g arrison , qu arter, u n it,
p la c e o r ship, o r spreads re p o rts c a lcu la te d to crea te ala rm
o r d e sp o n d e n c y ; o r
(g) m ak es k n o w n tile parole, w a tc h w o r d or c o u n te rsig n t o a n y

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20
parole, w atch w o rd or countersign different from w hat he

r e c e iv e d ; or
(h) w ith o u t due authority alters o r interferes w ith any air sign al;
shall, on conviction b y court-martial,
if he com m its a n y such offence w h en on active service, be liable
to suffer im prisonm ent fo r a term w h ich m ay extend to fourteen
years o r such less punishm ent as is in this A c t m entioned;
and
if he com m its a n y such offence w h e n not on active service, be
liable t o suffer imprisonment fo r a term w h ich m ay extend
to seven y ears or such less punishment as is in this A ct
m entioned.
36. Any person subject to this A c t w h o com m its any o f the
follow in g offences, that is to sa y ,一
Mutiny.
(û) begins, incites, causes or conspires w ith a n y other persons

to cau se a n y m utiny in the D efence Services or any forces
c o o p e ra tin g therew ith ; or
(b) joins in a n y such m utin jr ；o r
(c) being presen t at any such m u tin y, does n o t use his utm ost
endeavours to suppress the s a m e ; or
(d) kn ow in g or having reason to believe in the existence of any

such m u tin y, or o f any intention to m utiny or of any
such conspiracy, does not, w ith o u t delay, give information
th ereo f t o his com m anding o r other superior officer ; or
(e) endeavours %〇 seduce any person in the Defence Services

fro m his d u ty o r allegiance to the Unicm ;
shall, on co n victio n b y court-martial, b e liable to sufEer death- or such

less punishm ent as is in this A c t m entioned.
37. (i) A n y person subject to th is A c t w h o deserts or attempts

ta» desert the service shall, on ccmviction b y
Desertion a n d aiding court-martial.
i f he com m its the offence on active service
or w hen under orders fo r a c tiv e service, be liable to suffer
death o r such k s s punishm ent as is in this A c t mentioned ; and
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21
if he commits the offence under a n y other circum stances, b e

liable to suffer im prisonm ent fo r a term which m a y extend to
seven years or such less punishm ent as is in this A c t
mentioned.
(2) A n y person subject to this A c t w h o , know ingly harbours a n y

such deserter,^shall^ on conviction b y court-m artial, be liable to suffer
imprisonment for a term w h ich m ay exten d to seven years o r such
less punishm ent as is in this A c t mentioned.
(3) A n y person subject to this A c t w h o , being cognizant o f a n y

desertion o r attempt at desertion o f a person subject to this A ct, does
not forthw ith give notice to his or other superior officer, or take an y.
steps in his power to cause such person t o be apprehended, shall, on
conviction b y court-martial, be liable t o suffer imprisonment fo r a
term w h ich m ay a tten d to t w o years o r such less punishm ent as is
in this A c t mentioned.
38. A ny person subject to th is A c t w h o commits a n y o f , th e

fo llo w in g offences, th a t is to say,—
Absence without leave
(a) absenfe him self w ith o u t le a v e ; o r

(b) w ithou t sufficient cause overstays leave granted to h im ; o r
(c) being on leave o f absence and h avin g received inform ation
from proper au th ority that a n y unit, detachment, ship o r
department, t o w h id i he belongs, has been ordéred on
active service, fails, w ith o u t suffident cause, to rejoin
w ithout d e la y ; o r
(d) w ithout suffident cause fails to appear at the tim e fixed,

at the parade o r p lace appointed fo r exercise o r d u ty ; o r
(e) w hen jon parade, o r on the line o f m arch, w ith o u t sufficient

cause o r w ith o u t leave fro m bis superior officer, quits
the parade or lin e o f m arch ; o r
(f) w hen in cam p or garrison or elsew here, is found beyond any

lim it fixed, o r in any place prohibited, b y a n y general.
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local o r other order w ith o u t a pass or w ritten leave from his

superior o ffice r; or
(g) w ith o u t leave fro m his superior officer o r w ith o u t sufficient

cause, absents him self from any school or p lace o f instruc
tion w hen d u ly ordered to attend there ;
shall, on conviction b y court-m artial, be liable t o suffer imprisonment
fo r a term w hich m ay exten d to three years or such less punishment
as is in this A c t m entioned.
3 9 . A n y person subject to this A c t w h o , kn ow in g or having reason

to believe a person to be a superior officer, uses
Striking or threaten- crim inal force to o r assaults a superior officer
1Ua J o r uses threatening language to him shall, on
coifviction b y a court-m artial, if such officer is a t the tim e in the
execution o f his office or, i f the offence is com m itted on active servicè,
be liable to suffer im prisonm ent fo r a term w h ich m ay extend to
fourteen years or such less punishm ent as is in this A c t mentioned,
and in other cases, be liab le to punishm ent fo r a terfti w h ich m ay extend
to ten y ears o r such less punishm ent as is in this A c t m entioned;
and if such person a t a n y tim e uses insubordinate language to such
officer, he shall, on co n v ictio n b y a court-m artial, b e liable to suffer
im prisonm ent w h ich m ay exten d to fiv e years or such less p u n ish m ^ t
as is in this A c t m entioned.
4 〇. ( i) A n y perscm su b ject to this A c t w h o disobeys in such

m an ner as to sh o w a w ilfu l defiance o f authority
D isobedience to a n y la w fu l com m and given personaBy b y his
superior officer. su p erio r officer in th e execu tion o f his office
w hether th e same is given o rally , or in w r i t i n g s b y signal o r otherwise
shall, on conviction b y court-m artial, b e liable to suffo* imprisonment
fo r a term w h ich m ay ex ten d to fourteen years o r such less punishment
as is in th is A c t m entioned.
(2) A n y person su b ject t o this A c t w h o disobeys a n y la w fu l com

mand given b y his superior officer shaU# on œnvicticm. b y court-aartialf
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23
i f he co m m its such offence w h en on active service, be liable to syffer

im prison m en t fo r a term w ljich m a y extend to fourteen years o r su ch
less p un ishm ent as is in this A c t m entioned, and if he com m its suclt
offence w h e n n o t on active service, be liable to suffer im prisonm ent
fo r a term w h ic h m ay exten d to five years or such less punishment a s
is in th is A c j m entioned.
4 1 . A n y person subject to this A c t w h o com m its any of the fo llo w

ing offences, that is to s a y ,~ •
Insubordination and (a) being concerned in a n y quarrel, affray, or
obstruction.
disorder, refuses to o b e y any ofScer, though
in ferio r in rank, w h o orders him into arrest, o r uses
crim inal fo rce to o r assaults any such officer ; o r
(b) uses crim inàl fo rce to, o r assaults any person, whether subject
to this A ct o r n o t, in w h o se custod y h e is law fu lly placed,
and w hether he is or is not his superior officer ; or
(c) resists an escort w hose d u ty it is to apprehend him or to h av e

him in charge ; or
{d) breaks ou t o f barracks, cam p or quarters ; or
(e) neglects to ob ey any general, local o r other order ; or
(f) im pedes the provost-m arshal o r an y person, law fu lly acting

on his behalf, o r w h en called upon, refuses to assist in the
execu tion o f h is d u ty a provost-marshal or a n y person
la w fu lly acting on his behatt ; o r
(g) uses crim inal fo rce to o r assaults any person bringing provi
sions o r supplies to th e forces ;
shall, o n co n victio n b y court-itiartial, be liable to suffer imprisonment

fo r a term w h ic h m ay extend, in the case o f offences specified in clauses
J?
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24
(4) and (^) to tw o years, and in the case o f the offences specified in the
o th er dauses to ten years, or such less pxmishment as is in this A c t
jnentioned.
4 2 . A n y person subject to this A c t w h o com m its a n y o f the fo llo w

ing offences, th at is to sa y ,一
Fr*ud\^ntênr〇l- ⑷ w ith ou t h aving first obtained a regular
discharge from the service to w h ich h e belongs,
enrols him self in the sam e o r a n y other service o r a n y fo rc e
constituted under the B unna Territorial Force A c t ; o r
(b) knowing, o r having reason t o believe, th at a person is a

deserter, procures o r attem pts to procure the enrolm ent o f
such person,
shal>, on conviction b y court-m artial, b e liable to suffer im prisonm ent'

fo r a term w hich m ay extend to five y ears o r such less punishm ent «s
is in this A ct mentioned.
43. A n y person having becom e subject to this A c t w h o is discovered

to have made a t th e tim e o f enrolm ent a w ilfu lly
false answer t o a n y question set fo rth in th e
çnibhncûL
prescribed form o f enrolm ent w h ich has been
p û t t e }um b y the enrolling officer b efo re w h o m he appears fo r the
purpose o f being enrolled shall, on co n viction b y court-m aitial, be
UaUe to suffer imprisonment fo r a term w h ich m a y exten d to five
y ears or such less punishm ent as is in this A c t mentioned.
4 4 * A n y ofBcer or w arrant ofBcer w h o behaves in a m anner un

becom ing his positicm and character exp ected o f
him shall, on co n victio n b y court-m artial, if he
is an ofBcer, be liable to be cashiered o r to suffer
such less punislm ent as is in this A c t m entioned ; and i f he is a w arran t
officer# b e liable to be dismissed or to suffer such less punishm ent as
is in this A ct mentioned.
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25
4 5 , A n y person subject to this A c t, w h o commits the follow ing

offences, that is to say,—
d Æ ぬ *3 u0cft . ⑷ is 产 o f any 此啊也 1 conduct o f a
(b) m alingers, o r feigns o r produces disease o r infirm ity in

him self, o r intentionally delays ftis cure or aggravates his
disease o r infirm ity ; o r
(c) w ith in ten t to render him self o r oth er person unfit fo r service,
v o lu n ta rily causes hurt to h im self or that person ;
d u ll , on co n v ictio n b y court-m artial, b e liab le to suffer imprisonment

fo r a term w h ic h m a y extend to seven y ears o r suCh less çunishinent
âs is in this A c t m entioned.
4 6 * A n y person su b ject to this A c t w h o strikes o r otherwise ill-

treats any person su b ject to m ilitary law being
subor- his subordinate in ran k o r position, shall on
conviction b y court-m artial, be liable to suffer
im prisonm ent f o r a term w h ich m ay ex ten d to seven years or such
less punishm ent as is in this A ct m entioned.
4 7 . (i> A n y p erso n subject to th is A c t w h o is found in a state o f

• in toxication , w h eth er on d u ty o r not, shall, on
Intoxication. co n victio n b y court-m artial, if he is an officer,
be liable to be cash iered o r to suffer such less punishm ent as is in this
A c t m entioned ; a n d , i f he is n o t an officer^ be liable^ subject to the
provisions o f subhsection (2 ), to suffer, im prisonm ent fo r a tenn w h ich
m a y extend to t w o y e a rs o r such less punishm ent as is in this A c t
m en tion ed
(2) W here an o ffe n ce o f being in to x icated is com m itted b y a person

o th er than an o fficer w h en not on a ctiv e service o r n o t on duty# the
p m o d o f in^prisonment awarded shall n o t exceed s ix months.
E xplanation .— F o r th e purposes o f th is offence, a person is guilty

o f intoxication if o w in g t o the influence o f alcohcd or a n y d n % w hether
alone o r in co m b m atio n w ith a n y o th er circumstances^ b e is unfit
to be entrusted w it h h is d u ty o r a n y d u ty w h ich he m ight have been
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26
called u p o n to perform , or behaves in a disorderly m anner o r in a n y

m anner lik e ly to bring discredit on the service.
48. A n y person subject to this A c t w h o commits a n y o f the

fo llo w in g offences, th at is to say .一
S S y 〇 f (a) w h en in com m and o f a guard, picquet,
p a tro l o r post, releases w ith o u t proper
authority, w hether w ilfu lly o r w ith o u t reasonable excuse,
a n y person com m itted to his charge, o r refuses to receive
a n y prisoned o r person d u ly com m itted ; or
(b) w ilfu lly or w ith o u t reasonable excuse allows to escape an y

person w h o is com m itted to his charge or w h o m it is h is
d u ty to keep o r guard ;
shall, on conviction b y court-m artial, be liable, if he acted w ilfu lly ,

to suffer im prisonm ent fo r a term w h ich m a y extend to fourteen y ears
o r such less punishm ent as is in this A c t m entioned ; and i f he has not
acted w ilfu lly , to suffer im prisonm ent fo r a term w hich m a y extend to
tw o years o r such less punishm ent as is in this A c t mentioned.
4 9 . A n y person subject to this A c t w h o com m its any o f the fo llo w

ing offences, that is to say,—
Irregu lftiityin con (a) im necessarily detains a person in arrest o r
nection w ith arrest or
conûnem eat. confinem ent w ith o u t bringing liim to trial, o r
fails to bring his- case before th e proper
authority fo r investigation ; or
{b) having com m itted a person to m ilitary custody fa ils w ith o u t

reasonable cause to deliver at th e tim e o f such committal*
o r as soon as practicable, and in a n y case w ith in tw en ty-
fo u r hours thereafter, to the ofS cer o r other person into
w hose custody the _person arrested is com m itted, an
account in w ritin g signed b y h im self o f th e offence w ith
w h ich the person so com m itted is charged ;
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27
dial], on conviction b y court-m artial, be liable to suffer im prisonm ent
îo t a term w h ich m ay extend to tw o y e a r s o r such less punishm ent
a s is in this A ct mentioned.
50. A n y person subject to this A c t w h o , being in la w fu l custody,

escapes o r attem pts to escape, shall, on convic-
Escape from custody. tion b y court-m artial, be liable to suffer
imprisonment fo r a term w h ich m a y extend to five years or such less
punishm ent as is in this A c t m entioned.

ing offences, th a t is to say,—
(A) com m its th e ft o f any p ro p erty belonging
to the G overn m en t o f the U nion o r o f a State,
or to any m ilitary m ess, band or institution, o r to a n y
person subject to m ilita ry la w ; or
(b) dishonestly m isappropriates o r converts to his o w n use any

such property ; or
<c) com m its crim inal breach o f trust in respect o f any such
property ; or
(d) dishonestly receives or retains any p rop erty in respect o f

w h ich any o f the offences under clauses (a), (b), and (c)
has been com m itted, k n o w in g or having reason to believe
the com m ission o f such offence ; or
fe) w ilfu lly destroys or injures an y property o f th e G overam cnt

o f the U nion o r o f a State entrusted to him ; o r
(f) does a n y other th ing w it h intent to defraud, o r to cause

w ro n g fu l gain to o n e person o r w ro n gfu l loss to anodier
p e rso n ；
shall, on conviction b y court-m artial, be liable t o suffer im prisonm ent

f o r a term w h ich m ay esttend to ten y ears or such less punishm ent as
Is in this A ct m entioned.
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28
52 . A n y person subject to this A c t w h o com m its a n y o f fhe fo llo w

ing offences^ th at is to say,—
& t 〇rtiH t £ 撕 (a) commits e x to r tio n ; or

(b) w ithout proper authority ex a cts from a n y
person m oney, provisions o r s e r v ic e ;
shall, on co n victio n b y court-martial, be liable to suffer im prisonm ent

fo r a term w h ic h m a y extend to ten years o r such less punishm ent
as is in this A c t mentioned.
5 3 . A n y person subject to this A c t w h o conunits any. o f th e follow *

ing offences, th at is to say ,一
D isp o sa l o f equipm ent.
(a) disposes o f, or is concerned in disposing o f, a n y property
belonging to the Governm ent of th e U nion o r o f a State
issued to him for his use o r entrusted to him ; o r
(b )lo s e s b y neglect anything m entioned in d a u se [a) ; o r
(c) sells, p aw n s, destroys o r defaces a n y m edal o r decoration

granted to him ;
?hall, on co n victio n b y court-martiaL be Kable to suffer im prisonm ent

fo r a term w h ic h m ay extend in the case o f the offences sp cd fiea m
clau se (a) to ten years, and in the case o f the offences specified in the
o th er clauses to five years, or such less punishm ent as is in this A d
m entioned.

In ju ry to property.
(a) destroys o r injures any p roperty belonging to the G overnm ent

o f the U nion or of a State or any property belonging to any
m ilitary mess, band or institution, o r to a n y person subject
to m ilitary law , or serving w ith , or attached to th e D efence
Services ; or
(b) com m its any act w hich causes damage to, o r destruction o f,
a n y property o f the Governm ent o f the U nion o r o f ^ State
b y fire ; or
cp lo « 3 co § : lofto^gjeccoooèo^
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-c3ccs3:3coccbcé〇ügc) a ；Q2>〇3a)CGÏjüii «PC

29
(c) kills, injures, disposes o f, ill-treats o r loses any anim al entrusted
to him b y the G overnm ent o f the Union o r o f a State ;
shall, on conviction b y court-m artial, be liable, if he has acted w ilfully^

to suffer im prisonm ent fo r a term w h ic h m ay extend to fourteen y e a rs
o r such less punishm ent as is in th is A c t mentioned ; and i f h e has acted
w ith o u t reasonable excu se, to suffer imprisonment fo r a term w h ic h
m ay exten d to seven years or such less punishment as is in this A ct
m entioned.
55. A n y person subject to this A c t w h o commits a n y o f the fo llo w

False accusations.
(a) m akes a false accusation against any person subject t o

m ilitary la w , k n o w in g o r having reason to believe such
accusation to be false ; o r
(b) in m aking a com plaint under section 24 o r 25 m akes an y

statem ent affecting the ch aracter o f any person subject to
m ilitary la w , kn ow in g o r having reason to believe such
statem ent to be false o r k n o w in gly and w ilfu lly suppresses
any m aterial facts ;
shall, on co n victio n b y court-m artial, be liable to suffer im prisonm ent

fo r a term w hich m a y extend to fiv e years o r such less punishm ent a s
is in this A c t m entioned.
56. A n y person subject to this A c t w h o commitsâny o f the fo llo w

False declaration (a) in any rep ort, r e tir a , list, certificate, book or
docimienter8 other docu m en t made o r signed b y him , o r o f
the conten ts o f w hich it is his d u ty t o
ascertain th e a ccu ra cy, kn o w in gly makes, o r is p rivy t a
th e m akin g o f, a n y false o r fraudulent statem ent ; o r
(b) in any docu m en t o f th e description m entioned in clause

(a) k n o w in g ly m akes, o r is p riv y to the m aking of, a n y
om ission, w ith intent to defraud ; or
ぴ， . ぎ n « 孕 co を
lo fo o o ^ o 8 à ç o a x 〇r〇 ilx )c o S | c o e ic o co co o jcü co œ lo lto o x u
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mor^sScoo： ïoI I ^ oçcoP
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3T
30
(c) kn o w in gly and w ith intent to injure a n y person, o r k n o w in ÿ y
and w ith inten t to defraud, suppresses, defaces, altets or
m akes a w a y w ith any dcx:ument w h ich i t is his d u ty to
preserve or produce ; or
{d) w h e re it is his official duty to m ake a declaration respecting

any m atter, know ingly makes îài false declaration ; or
ie ) obtains fo r himself, or fo r any oth er person, an y pension,

p a y , allow an ce o r other advantage o r privilege b y a state
m ent w h ich is false, and w h ich he either kn o w s o r believes
to be fale or does not believe to be true, o r b y m aking or
using a false e n tiy in any book o r reco rd o r b y m aking any
docum ent containing a false statem ent o r b y om itting
t o m ake a true entry or docum ent containing a true state*
m ent ;
shall, on con viction b y court-martial, be liable to suffer imprisonment

fo r a term w h ic h m ay extend to seven years o r such less punishm ent
as is in this A c t mentioned.
57. A n y person subject to this A ct w h o com m its any o f the fo llo w

in blank and (a) w h en signing a n y docum ent relating to p ay,
failure
t〇 arms, ammunition, equipm ent, clothing*
supplies o r stores, or any property o f Â e Governm ent o f
th e U nion o r o f a State frau dulently leaves in blank an y
m aterial part fo r w hich his signature is a voucher ; o r
loltosccolBoôire cccooSE Jo ^èeoo : oocg
■
œgcc Gccopbôecœ ofijcccocc c c c s to ^ fij^c o 〇Bc〇ooo
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31
(6) refuses or b y culpable neglect om its to m ake o r send a report

o r return w hich it is his d u ty to m ake or send ;
tiia jl, on conviction b y court-m artial, be liable to suffer imprison

m en t fo r a tenn w hich m ay extend to seven years o r such less
IKmishment as is in this A c t mentioned*
58 . A n y person subject to this A c t w h o com m its any o f the fo llo w

ing offences, th at .is to say ,一
Offences relating to (a) being d u ly sum moned o r ordered to attend
court^mmrtiaL as a w itness before a court-m artial, w ilfu U y
o r w ithout reasonable excuse, makes default in atten d in g;
or
lb ) refuses to take an oath o r maê an affirmation legally required

b y a court-martial to be taken or m ad e; or
(c) refuses to produce p r deliver any docum ent in his p o w er

o r control legally required b y a court-martial to b e produced
o r delivered b y him ; o r
(d) refuses w hen à witness to answ er any question w h ich he is

b y la w bound to a n s w e r ； or
(c) is g u ilty o f contem pt o f court-m artial b y using insulting o r

threatening language, or b y causing a n y interruption o r
disturbance in the proceedings o f such c o u rt;
shall, on conviction b y court-m artial, b e liable to suffer im prisonm ent

f& r a term w hich m ay extend to three years o r such less punishm ent
a s is in this A c t mentioned.
S9 9 A n y person subject to this A a who» having been la w fu lly
. sworn as a w itness o r as an interpreter in proceed*
r a N M id m e . i ^ 〇Tt a court-m artial car before a n y board
or dfficer hskyin% pow er b y virtu e o f this A c t to adm inister o a t& 'm â k e s
a statem eiit m Aterial in those proceedings w h ich he kn ow s to b e false
o r does not believe to be tru e shall, on conviction b y courMnartial»
b e liable to suffer imprisonment fo r a term n o t exceeding seven years
o r 5〇d i less puoidim ent as is in d û s A c t mentioned.
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32
6 0 . A n y officer, w arrant officer o r non-comm issioned officer w h o ,

having received th e p a y o f a person subject t a
Uolawîl detention this A ct u n la w fu lly detains o r refuses to p a y
pay* th e same w h e n due, shall, on conviction b>r
court-m artial, be liable to suffer im prisonm ent f o r a term w h ich m a y
extend to ten years o r such less punishm ent as is in this A c t m entioned.
6 1 . A n y pexson subject to this A c t w h o com m its any o f the fo llo w *

ing offences, th a t is to say,一
Oflcnccs in relation /n) w ilfu lly o r w ith o u t reasonable excu se dam -
to aircraft and flying. ' j “ , . -
ages, d estro ys o r loses a n y aircraft o r air
craft m aterial belonging to the U nion G o vern m en t; or
(b) is guilty o f a n y act or n eglect lik ely to cause such dam age,
destruction o r lo ss; o r
(c) w ithou t la w fu l auth ority disposes o f a n y aircraft or aircraft

m aterial belonging to th e Union Governm ent ; or
(d) causes the loss o f life or b o d ily in ju ry to any person b y an>r

a ct or neglect in flyin g, o r in the use o f an y aircraft, o r irr
relatio n ‘to a n y aircraft o r aircraft m aterial, w h ich causes o r
lik ely to cause th e loss o f life o r b od ily in ju ry ;* o r
(e) during a state o f w ar, w ilfu lly or w ithou t proper occasion-

o r negligently, causes th e sequestration, b y o r under th e
authority o f a neutral State, o r the destruction in a neu traî
State, o f a n y aircraft belon ging to the Union G overnm ent r
shall, on conviction b y court-m artial, be liable, if he has acted w ilfully^

to suffer, im prisonm ent for a term w h ic h m ay extend to fourteen y e a rs
o r such less punishm ent as is in th is A c t mentioned, and in a n y o th e r
case, to sufFer imprisonment fo r a term w hich m ay extend to fiv e
years o r such less punishm ent as is in this A c t mentioned.
no3nb®3jccaio lasaGjaDcaiBjcccocPcco S ccjco o
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33
¢ 2 . A n y person subject to this A c t w h o com m its a n y o f th e fo llo w
in g offences, th at is to say,—
〇th « offences relating 《
句 âgnS any certificate in relation to an aircraft
to aircraft and flying. or aircraft m aterial belonging t o th e U nion
G overnm ent w ithout ensuring the a ccu ra cy th e r e o f; or
(b) being th e p ilo t o f an aircraft belonging to the U nion G overn

m ent, flics it a t a height less than such h eight as m a y b e
specified b y thé Chief o f Staff, e x cep t w h ile takin g o ff o r
landing, o r in such other circum stances as m a y b e specified
b y th e C h ief o f Staff; or
(c) bein 2 pilot o f an aircraft belonging to the U nion G overn

m ent flies it so as to cause, o r to b e lik e ly to cause, un
necessary annoyance to a n y p erso n ；
shall, on co n victio n b y court-martial, b e liable to suffer im prisonm ent

fo r a term w h ich m a y extend to tw o years o r such less punishm ent as
is in this A c t m entioned.
6 3 . A n y person subject to this A c t w h o # w hatever his ran k, com m its

a n y o f the fo llo w in g offences, th at is to say,—
idience of (a) w hile he is in an aircraft disobeys a n y la w fu l
of
command given b y th e captain o f th e air
c r a ft w hether such captain is subject to
this A c t o r not as respects all matters relating to th e flyin g
o r handling o f the aircraft, or affecting the s a fe ty th ereof ;
or
{b) being th e captain o f a glider aircraft tow ed b y another air

c ra ft disobeys any law ful com m and given b y th e captain
o f th e to w in g aircraft, w hether the latter is su b ject to this
A c t o r not, as r e je c t s all' m atters a fo resa id ；
d u d L on conviction b y court-martial, b e liable to suffer im prisonm ent

f o r a term w h ich m a y extend to fourteen years o r such less pim ishm ent
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34
< 4. ( i) A n y person subject to this A c t w h o hazards o r suffers

' to b e hazarded a n y vessel belonging to o r in
‘Offences in relation th e service o f th e D efence Services, s h a ll on
t〇 ships. conviction b y court-m artial, be liable, if b e has
acted w ilfu lly , to suffer im prisonm ent fo r a term not exceeding fourteen
years o r su chtless punishm ent as is- in this A c t mentioned ; and i f he
lias not acted w ilfu lly , to suffer im prisonm ent for a te n ç w h ich m a y
extend to seven years or such less punishm ent as is in this A c t
mentioned.
(2) A n y person subject to this A c t being an officer o f a ship

appointed fo r the c o n v o y and p rotection o f a n y ships o r vessels ^ i o
com m its an y o f the f 9110w in g offences, that is to s^y,—
(a) fails to perform his d u ty w ith o u t delay according to the in^

structions he received in th a t b e h a lf; 〇：•
{b) fails to defend the ships and goods under his con voy w ithou t
deviation to a n y o A e r o b je c ts ; or
{c) refuses to fight in their d efen ce i f th e y are assailed ; o r
{d) co w ard ly abandons or exp oses the ships in his c o n v o y to

h aza rd ; or
(e) demands or exacts a n y m o h e y or other reward fôm a n y

m erchant o r m aster f o r c o n v o y in g . aîy ships o r vessels
entrusted to his c a r e ； o r
(i) misuses the masters o r m ariners th ereo f;
*shall, on conviction b y court-m artial, b e liable to suffer death o r such

less punishm ent as is in this A c t m entioned, and shall also be liable to
m ak e such reparation in damages to th e m erchants, ow ners and others
a s the H igh C ourt exercising A d m ira lty jurisdiction m ay adjudge.
(3) A n y person subject to this A c t in comm and o f an y ship w h o

receives on board or permits to b e received on board such ship a n y
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3S
goods o r m erchandise w hatsoever, other than fo r the sole use o f the

ship, e x c e p t goods and merchandise belonging to an y m erchant, o r
on board a n y ship w h ich m ay b e shipwrecked o r in im m inent danger,
either on the high seas o r in some port, creek, or harbour, fo r the
purpose o f preserving them fo r their proper owners, o r ex cep t such
goods o r m erchandise as he m a y a t any tim e be ordered to take o r
receive on board b y order o f the President or his superior officer, shalU
on conviction b y court-martial, be liable to be dismissed or to suffer
such less punishm ent as is in this A c t m entioned.
(4) A n y person subject to this A ct w ho com m its any o f the fo llo w

in g offences, that is to say,—
(a) fails to preserve all the papers, charter-parties, bills o f lading,
passports and other w ritings w hatsoever, that shall be
taken, seized or found aboard a n y ship seized as p rize ; o r
(6) being the com m anding 0伍 cer o f th e ship w h ich shall take
such prize, fails to send the original papers, charter-parties,
bills o f lading, passports and other w ritings w hatsoever,
entire and w ith o u t fraud through proper naval channels
to the High Court exercising A d m iralty jurisdiction o r suctt
cou rt or commissioners as shall be authorized to determ ine
w hether such prize be law fu l capture, there to be viewed^
m ade use o f, and proceeded upon according to la w ;
shall, on conviction b y court-martial, be liable to be dismissed o r to

suffer such less punishm ent as is in this A c t mentioned, and in addition
thereto shall fo n e it and lose his share o f th e capture.
(S) A n y person subject to this A ct w ho com m its any o f the follow

(a) takes ou t o f a n y p rize or ship seized fo r prize a n y money»
o r goods; unless it shall be necessary fo r the better securing
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35
goods o r m erchandise w hatsoever, other than fo r the sole use o f the

ship, e x c e p t goods and merchandise belonging to any m erchant, o r
on board a n y ship w h ich m ay be shipwrecked o r in im m inent danger,
either on th e high seas o r in some port, creek, or harbour, fo r the
purpose o f preserving them fo r their proper owners, or e x ce p t such
goods o r m erchandise as he m a y at any tim e be ordered to take o r
receive on board b y order o f the President o r his superior officer, shall,
on conviction b y court-martial, be liable to be dismissed or to suffer
such less punishm ent as is in this A c t m entioned.
(4) A n y person subject to this A c t w h o com m its any o f the fo llo w

(a) fails to preserve all the papers, charter-parties, bills o f lading,
passports and other w ritings w hatsoever, that shall be
taken^ seized or found aboard a n y ship seized as p r iz e ; o r
(b) being the com m anding officer o f the ship w h ich shall take
such prize, fails to send the original papers, charter-parties ，
bills o f lading, passports and other w ritings w hatsoever,
entire and w ith ou t fraud through proper naval channels
to the High Court exercising A d m iralty jurisdiction o r such
c o u it or commissioners as shall be authorized to determ ine
w hether such prize be law ful capture, there to be viewed,,
made use o f, and proceeded upon according to la w ;
shall, on conviction b y court-martial, be liable to be dismissed o r to

suffer such less punishm ent as is in this A c t mentioned, and in addition
thereto shall fo rfeit and lose his share o f th e capture.
(5) A n y person subject to this A ct w ho com m its any o f the follow

ing offences, that is to say ,一
(a) takes out o f a n y prize or ship seized fo r prize an y money^
o r goods; unless it shall be necessary fo r the better securing
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36
thereof, or fo r ；the necessary use and service o f any o f th e

ships o f th e U nion G overnm ent in com m ission, before th e
same be adjudged la w fu l p rize b y th e H igh C o u rt exercising
A dm iralty jurisdiction ; o r
(b) does not bring in the full and entire accou n t o f the w h o le
capture to be adjudged law fu l p rize b y the High C o jirt
exercising A dm iralty jurisdiction ;
sh all, on conviction b y court-martial, be liable to suffer imprisonment

f o r a term w hich m ay extend to seven years, o r such less punishm ent
as is in this A c t mentioned, and in addition thereto fo rfeit and lose
liis share o f the capture.
(6) A n y person subject to th is A ct w h o pillages, beats, ill-treats o r
jstrips off the clothes o f any officer, m ariner or oth er persons, on board
a n y ship or vessel taken as prize, shall, on co n victio n b y court-martial,
"be liable to suffer imprisonment fo r a term w h ic h m ay extend to seven
y e a r s o r such less punishm ent as is in th is A c t m entioned
(7) A n y person subject to this A ct, being the com m anding officer
o f a n y ship o f the Union Governm ent in com m ission, w ho com m its
a n y o f the follow ing offences, that is to say,—
(a) b y collusion w ith the enem y takes as p rize an y vessel, goods,

or th in g ; or
(ft) u nlaw fu lly agrees w ith any person fo r th e ransoming o f a n y
vessel, goods, or thing taken as p r iz e ; o r
(c) in pursuance of any /unlawful agreem ent fo r ransoming or

otherwise b y collusion actu ally quits or restores any vessel,
goods, o r thing taken as p r iz e ;
■ shall, on conviction b y court-m artial, be liable to suffer im prisonm ent

f o r a term w hich m ay extend to seven years o r such less punishm ent
(8) A ny person subject to this A c t w h o breaks b u lk on* board a n y
v esj« l taken as prize, or detained in the ex ercise o f a n y belligerent
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37
righ t, o r under a n y A c t relating to p ira c y or to the slave trade o r to the

C ustom s, w ith in ten t to em bezzle anything therein or belonging there
to , shall, on co n victio n b y court-m artial, be liable to suffer im^risoiir
m en t fo r a term w h ich m ay exten d to seven years 6 r s u a i less
punishm ent as is in th is A c t m entioned, and in addition thereto forfeit
and lose hiâ1 share o f the capture.
65. A n y person subject to this A c t w ho is guilty o f a n y act or

. omission w h ich , though not specified in this Act,
Brea 〇f i s c i p l i n e . 15 prejudicial to good order and m ilitary dis
cip lin e shall, on conviction b y court-m artial, be liable to suffer im
prisonm ent fo r a term w h ich m ay extend to seven years or such less
punishm ent as is in this A c t m entioned.
66. A n y person su bject to this A c t w h o commits any o f th e follow -

Miscellaneous offences, ing offences, th a t is to say,—
(a) being in com m and at a n y post o r on the march, and receiving

a com plaint that a n y on e under his command has beaten
o r o th erw ise m altreated o r oppressed a n y person, o r has
disturbed a n y fair o r m arket, or committed a n y rio t or
trespass, fails to have due reparation made to the injured
person o r to report the case to the proper authority ; or
(b) b y defiling a n y place o f w orship, or otherwise, intentionally

insults the religion or w ounds the religious ieelin gs o f any
person ; o r
(c) attem pts to com m it suicide, and in such attem pt does any
a c t tow ard s the com m ission o f such offen ce; o r
(d) bei^g b e lo w the rank o f wairai^t ofiBcer, w hen o ff duty,

appears, w ith o u t p roper authority, in o r out o f the unit
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38
lines or camp or ship, carrying a rifle , sword or other

offensive weapon; or
(e) d irectly or indirectly accepts or obtains, or agrees to accept
or attempts to obtain, fo r him self or fo r any other person,
any gratification as a motive or reward fo r procuring the
enrolment o f any person, o r leave o f absence, prom otion
or any other advantage or indulgence fo r any person in
the service ; or
(f) commits any offence against the property o r person o f any

inhabitant of, or resident in , the country in w hich he is
serving;
shall, on conviction by court-m artial, be liable to suffer imprisonment
for a term w hich may extend to seven years o r such less punishment
as is in this A ct mentioned.
67. A ny person subject to this A ct w ho attempts to com m it any

o f thie offences specified in sections 32 to 66
A tte m p t. inclusive and in such attem pt does any act to
wards the commission o f the offence, shall, on conviction b y court-
martial, where no express provision is made by this A ct fo r the punish
ment of such attempt, be liable
if the offence attempted to be committed is punishable w ith

death, to suffer imprisonment fo r a term w hich may extend
to fourteen years or such less punishment as is in this A ct
mentioned ; and
if the offence attempted to be committed is punishable w ith
imprisonment, to suffer imprisonment fo r a term w hich may
extend to one-half o f the longest term provided fo r that
offence or such less punishment as is in this A ct mentioned»
68. Any person subject to this A ct who abets the commission o f

any of the offences specified in sections 32 to
A b e tm e n t o f o f f e n - 6 6 inclusive shall, on conviction b y court-m artial,
committed!3^ beCn if the act abetted is committed in consequence

of the abetment and no express provision is
P
7
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39
m ade b y this A c t fo r the punishm ent o f such abetment, be liable t o

suffer th e punishm ent provided fo r th a t offence.
69. A n y person subject to this A c t w h o abets the com m ission o f

a n y o f th e offen ces punishable w ith death under
Abetm ent 〇£offences sections 3 2 , 33, 36, sub-section (1 ) o f section
^ d it î t b ，
ec ^ i ^ d Ü1
37 and sub-section (2) o f section 64 shall, on
conviction b y court-m artial, if that offence be
n o t comm itted, in consequence o f th e abetm ent, and n o express
provision is m ade b y this A c t fo r th e punishm ent o f such abetment,
be liable to suffer im prisorim ent fo r a tei*m w hich m ay extend t o
fourteen years o r such less punishm ent as is in this A ct m entioned.
70. A n y person subject to th is A c t w h o abets the com m ission o f

a n y o f the offences specified in sections 32 to
Abetm ent of o f f e n - 沉 inclu sive and punishable w ith im prisonm ent
cca punishable with shall, on c o n v ictio n b y court-m artial, i f that

S lS n itted . offence be n o t com m itted in consequence o f
th e abetm ent, and no express provision is m ade
b y tliis A c t fo r th e punishm ent o f su ch abetm ent, be liaWe to suffer
im prisonm ent fo r a term w h ich m a y ex ten d to one-half o f th e longest
term provided fo r that offence o r such less punishm ent as i s in th is
A c t mentioned.
7 1 , Subject to the provisions o f section 72, any person subject

to this A ct, w h o a t an y place in or bçyon d the
Civil offences. U nion o f Burm a com m its aiiy c iv il offence
shall be deemed to be g u ilty o f an ô ffen ce against this A ct, and, i f
charged th erew ith under this section , shall be liable tx> be tried b y a
court-m artial, and, on conviction, be punishable as follow s, that is
to say,—
(a) i f the offence is one w h ic h w o u ld be punishable under a n y

la w in force in the U nion o f Burm a w ith death o r w ith
transportation, he shall be liab le to suffer any punishm ent,
other than w hipping, assigned fo r the offence, b y
the aforesaid la w and such less punishm ent as is in this
A c t m entioned ; and
(b) in a n y other case, he shall b e liable to suffer any punishm ent,

other than w hipping, assigned fo r the offence b y the la w
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40
in fo rc e in the U nion o f Burma, o r im prisonm ent io r a
term w h ich m ay extend to seven years, o r such less punidi-
m ent as is in this A c t mentioned.
72. A person subject to this A c t w h o commits an offence o f murder

against a person not subject to m ilitary la w , o r
Civil offeiices not 〇î culpable hom icide not am ounting to m urder
tria b le by
n ia îtâ J . ourt. against such a person or o f rap e in rd a tio ii to
such a person, shall not be deem ed to b e guflty
o f an offence against this A c t and shall not be tried -b y a court-martial#
unless he com m its a n y o f th e said offences—
(a) w hile on active service, or
(b) at any place outside the U nion o f Burma, o r
(c) at a fron tier post specified b y the President b y notification
. in th is behaK.
CHAPTER VII.
Punishments .
7 3 . Punishm ent m ay b e inflicted in respect o f offences comm itted

b y persons subject to tbis A c t and convicted b y
courts-martial, according to the scale follow ing,
* that is tô say ,一
(a) death ;
transport;
(b) transportation fo r life or fo r any period n o t less than geron
years;
(c) im prisonm ent, either rigorous or simple, fo r a n y period not

exceeding fourteen years ;
(d) cashiering, in the case o f officers ;
[é) dismissal from the service ;

(f) reduction to the ranks or to a lower rank o r d a 空 o r place in
the list o f their rank, in the case o f w arra n t officers ; and
redu ction to th e ranks o r to a low er raok» in tbe case o f
nonrcommissioned officers:
Provided th a t a w arrant officer reduced to the ran ks 由 all not be

required tù, serve in Jjie ranks against his w id i.
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41
forfeiture o f seniority of rank, in the case o f officers, w arrant

officers and non-commissioned officers ; and forfeiture o f
all or any part o f their service fo r the purpose o f prom otion,
in the case o f any of them w hose prom otion depends upon
length o f service ;
(h) forfeitu re o f service for the purpose o f increased p a y, pension

or an y other prescribed purpose ;
(i) severe reprimand or reprimand, in the case o f officers, w arrant

officers and non-commissioned officers ;
(j) forfeitu re o f p a y and allow ances fo r a period n o t exceeding

three m onths fo r an^ offence com m itted on a ctiv e service ;
(fc) fo rfe itu te in the case o f a person sentenced to cashiering or

dismissal from the service o f all arrears o f p a y and aDow-
ances and other public m oney due to him at th e tim e o f
su th cashiering or dism issal;
{l) stoppage o f p a y and allow onces until a n y p roved loss o r

dam age occasioned by the offence o f w h ich he is convicted
is m ade good.
74. Subject to the provisions o f this A ct, a court-m artial m ay,

on convicting a person subject to this A c t o f
Alternative puni&h- a n y o f the offences specified in sections 32 to
mènes awardable by 70 inclusive, awaj-d either th e p articu lar punish
m ent w ith w h ich the offence is stated in the
said sections to be punishable, or, in lieu thereof, a n y o n e o f the
punishmebts lo w e r in th e scale set ou t in section 73, regard being had
to the nature àhd degree o f the offence.
75 . A senteùce o f a court-martail m a y aw ard, in addition to o r

w ith o u t any one oth er punishment^ th e punish*
ômfelnation of ns&tX specified in clause (d) o r clause (e) o f
section 73 and a n y on e o r m o re o f the punish*
m cijts specified in clauses (I) t o (i) o f that section.
©S) iâ^K.r〇a〇G^Rl ccc〇îcœQj〇3sc0:cc ocoscPo
nsefccDG兩
C^CBCCCSoSjgOCG (§ ) O ( 〇) GOCS ^ G 〇œ |çœ C®H
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42
A n officer sh all b e sentenced to be cashiered before he is

aw ard ed a n y o f th e punishments specified in
C ashiering o f officers, d a u ses (a) to (c) o f section 7J.
7 7 . W h ere a n y person subject to this A c t and under th e ran k o f

w a rra n t ofScer com m its any offence o n active
punislvnent* service, it shall be la w fu l for a court-m artial to
a w a rd fo r that o ffë n ce a n y such punishm ent as is prescribed as a field
punishm ent. Field p u n ish m en t shall b e o f the character o f personal
restrain t o r o f hard la b o u r b u t shall n o t be o f a nature to cause injury;
to life o r lim b and shall n o t include flogging.
7 8 . Field p un ishm ent shall fo r th e purpose of com m utation be

f field deem ed to stand n e x t below dismissal in the
«ntiin «cale 〇f scale o f punishm ents specified in section 7 3 .
Lenta.
A w arran t o fficer o r a noncom m issioiied officer sentenced b y

R e su lt 〇f certain a court-m artial to transportation^ im p risoom ent
punishm ents in Æ e field punishm ent o r dismissal from th e service,
o ^ e r ° 〇r shall be deem ed to be reduced to the ranks.
m iw k m ed officer.
iibG9〇〇(〇« soëjasœooécüfe io c o o d g o B] j QQ m o
1。卜 : 潑 II— § 6 :| ；
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43
80. W hen , on a ctive service, a n y enrolled person has been sentenced

„ • b y a court-m artial to dismissal, o r to transporta-
R e te n tio n in the • . . ^ ,
ta n k s o f a p e rs o n t l 0 n 〇 r im prisonm ent w h eth er com bined w ith
co n v ic te d o n a c tiv e dismissal or n ot, the prescribed officer m ay
• d irect that such person m ay b e retained to serve
in the ranks, and such service shall be reckoned as p a rt o f his term o f
transportation or im prisonm ent, if an y.
8 1 . Punishments m a y also be inflicted in respect o f offences com

m itted b y persons subject to this A c t w ith o u t
wise thjm by court- intervention o f a court-m artial and in the
施 rtial. m anner stated in sections 82, 85, 86 and 87.
82. Subject to the provisions o f section 83, a com m anding oflScer

o r such other officer as is, w ith the consent o f
pensons oÆcr Æan President, specified b y th e C h ief o f Staff,
officers and warrant may> in the prescribed m anner, proceed against a
person subject t o this A c t o th erw ise th an as an
officer o r w arrant officer w h o is charged w ith an offence under this
Act and aw ard such person» to the e x ten t prescribed, on e o r m ore o f
the follow in g punishm ents, that is to say,—
(a) imprisom îient in m ilitary cu stod y up to tw en ty-eigh t days ;
(b) confinement to the unit lines o r ship up to tw en ty-eigh t days ;
(c) (i) Extra guards o r duties ;

(ii) Extra w o rk o r drills :
P rovided-th at such duties o r drills shall not ex ceed fourteen in

number ;
(d) deprivation o f qualification p a y not exceeding tw enty-eight

days, and in the case o f noa-com m issioned officers, also
deprivation of* acting ran k ;
(e) fine up to fourteen days* p a y in any one m onth ;
(f) severe reprim and or reprim and ;

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44
{g) penal deductions unSer clause {g) o f section 93 ;
(h) a n y prescribed field punishm ent up to twenty-eight d ays,

in the case o f a person on active service.
83, A n y aw ard o f punishm ent under section 82 shall not include

field punishm ent in addition to one o r both o f
L im it of punishnicnta 也 e p u n is h m e n ts specified in daUSCS ( fl) a n d (6)
under section 82. r ^ ^ *
o f that section.
(2) In th e case o f an aw ard o f tw o o r m ore o f the punishm ents

specified in clauses (a), (6) and (c) o f the said section, the punishm ent
specified in clause (b) o r clause (c) shall take effect only at the end o f
the p\m ishm ent specified in clause â).
(3) W h e n the punishments specified in th e said clauses (a) and ( i)

are aw ard ed to a person co n jo in tly , o r w hen already undergoing o n e
o f the said punishm ents, the w h o le e x ten t o f the punishment shall n o t
exceed in th e aggregate tw enty-eight days.
(4) T h e punishm ents specified in dau ses (a), (b)0 (c) (ii), and (fi) o f
the said section shall n o t be aw arded to any person w h o is o f thè ran k
o f a non-com m issioned oflScer o r w a s , a t the tim e o f comm itting the
oflFence f o r w h ich h e is punished, o f such rank.
( j) T h e punishm ent specified in d a u se (f) o f the said section shall
not be aw arded to any person b e lo w th e rank o f a non<ommissioned
officer.
84. T h e C hief o f Staff m a y , w ith the consent o f the President,

sp ecify such oth er punishments as m ay be
P u nishm en ts in awarded under section 82 in addition to o r
^ I d f ie d in section 8^
w ith o u t a n y o f the punishments specified in th e
said section, and the exten t to which such oth er
punishm ents m ay be awarded.
85. A n officer com m anding a form ation n o t less than a brigade

in the case o f the arm y, a fo m a tio n prescribed
Punishm ent o f offi- as equivalent to n o t less than a brigade (arm y)
c e « and warrant offi- in the case o f th e n a v y o r air force, o r an y oth er
ccrs b y b n ga d e com - , .v j
mandera and others. prescribed officer, m ay, m the prescribed m anner,
proceed against an officer below the rank o f
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45
m ajor, or a w arrant officer, w h o is .charged w ith an offence under

this A ct, and award one or *more o f the follow ing punishm ents, th at
is to say,—
(a) severe reprim and or reprimand ;
(b) stoppage o f p a y and allow an ces until any proved loss or
damage occasioned by the ofiFence of w h ich he is convicted^
is made good.
86. An ofBcer com m anding a form ation not less than a division
in the case o f the arm y, an officer em pow ered
bffi- to convene a general court-martial in th e ca se
cers by divisional com- o f the navy o r the air force, or such other officer
manders and others. as is, w ith th e consent o f the President, sp ed fied
b y the Chief o f StàSf m ay, in the prescribed manner, proceed against
an officer below the rank o f lieutenant-colonel or a w arran t officer,
w h o is charged w ith an offence under th is A ct, and aw ard one o r m o re
o f the following punishments, that is to say,—
(a) forfeiture o f seniority, or in the case of any o f them w h o se

promotion depends upon length o f service, fo rfeitu re o f
service fo r the purpose o f prom otion fo r a period not
exceeding tw elv e m onths, b u t subject to the right o f the
accused previous to the aw ard to elect to be tried b y a
court-m artial;
(b) fine up to fourteen days' p a y in any one m onth ;
(c) severe reprimand o r reprim and ;

(d) stoppage o f p a y and allow an ces until any proved loss or
damage occasioned by the ofiFence of w h ich he is convicted,
is made good.
87. A commanding officer or such olBcer as is, w ith the consent

o f the President, specified b y the Q iie f o f Staff,
Punishment of m ay, in the prescribed manner, proceed against
r o ^ M d iS fr fB c e i^ a w arrant officer, w h o is charged w ith an offence
under this A c t, and award the punishm ent o f
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46
88. In e v e ry case in w h ich punishm ent has been awarded under

a n y o f the sections 8^, 86 and 87, certified true
TransmissiQn of copies o f the proceedings shall be forwrarded, in
p d the prescribed m anner, b y th e officer awarding
th e punishm ent, to a superior m ilitary au th o rity as defined in section 90.
8 9 . If any punishm ent aw arded under a n y o f th e sections 85, 86
and 87 appears t o a superior m ilitary auth ority
Review of proceedings, as defined in section 90 to be illegal, unjust o r
excessive, such a u th o rity m a y can cel, v a r y o r rem it the punishment
an d m ake su ch o th er direction as m a y be appropriate in the
d rcu m stan ces o f th e case.
F or the purpose 0¢ sections 88 and 89, a superior m ilitaiy

冬a u th o rity ’ • means—
JpCrh〇rmilitary (<z) in th e case o f punishm ents awarded

a com m anding officer, a n y officer supe
sup
in com m an d to such com m anding officer ;
(b) in th e case o f punishm ents aw arded b y a n y other authenrity,

the President, the C h ief o f Staff o r oth er officer spcdBed
t y th e C h ie f o f Staff.
9 1 , ( 1 ) W h en ever a n y w eap on o r p a rt o f a w eap on form ing part

o f the equipm ent o f a unit, com pany or
Collective fines. ^ stolen, the officer commaDding
a form ation n o t less than a brigade in th e case o f the ^rm y , a fonnation
prescribed as eq u ivalen t to n o t less th an a brigade ( a m y ) in the case
o f th e n a vy o r a ir fo rce, o r a n y o th er prescribed officer, m ay after
obtaining tb e rq>ort o f a co u rt o f in q u iry, im pose a collective fine
upon xh t w a rra n t officers, non-com inissioned officers and mwi o f
such unit, o r u pon so m an y o f them as, in his judgm ent, should be
h d d responsible*for such loss o r th eft.
(2 ) Such fine shall be assessed as a percentage on the p ay o f die

individuals on w iio m it falls.
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47
CHAPTER VIII.
Pemal D eductions .
9t . T h e fo llo w in g penal deductions m ay be m ade-from the p ay

and allow ances o f an ofiBcer, that is to say,—
D eduction s from ^ an p a y a n d allow ances due t o an officer for
unless a satisfactorÿ explanation has been

given to his com m anding .officer and has been approved
b y the President;
(6) all arrears o f p a y and allow ances fo r every day w h ile he is

in cu sto d y or under suspension from duty on a charge
fo r an offen ce fo r w h ic h he is afterwards convicted b y a
crim inal co u rt o r a court-m artial o r b y an officer exercising
au th ority under section 85 o r section 86;
•(c) any sum required to m ake good the p a y o f an y person subject

to this A c t w h ich he has u n law fu lly retained or u n law fu lly
▲ efused to p a y ;
<d) any sum required to m ake good such compensation fo r any

expenses, loss, dam age o r destruction occasioned b y the
com m ission o f an offence as m ay determined b y the
court-m artial b y w hom he is convicted o f such offence,
or b y an officer exercising authority under section 8^ or
section 8 6 ;
<e) all p a y and allow ances ordered b y a court-martial o r an

officer exercising auth ority under section 87 to be forfeited
o r stop p ed ;
(f) any sum required to p a y a fine awarded b y t a* crim inal court,

or a court-m artial exercising jurisdiction under section j i
or an officer exercising au th ority under section 8 6 ;
(g) a n y sum required to m ake good any loss, damage, destruc

tion o f p ublic or regim ental property w hich, after due
investigation, appears to th e President to have been occa
sioned b y the w ron gfu l a c t o r negligence on the part o f
the c Æ c c r;
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48
(h) all p ay and allowances forfeited b y order o f the President
if th e officer is found b y a court o f in qu iry constituted
b y the C h ief o f Staff, o r b y a n y prescribed officer in this
behalf, to have deserted to the enem y, o r w h ile in the
hands o f the enemy, to have served w ith , o r under the
orders of, the enemy, or to have allow ed him self to be
taken prisoner b y the en em y through w a n t o f due precau
tion o r proved disobedience o f orders, o r w ilfu l n eg lect o f
duty, or having been taken prisoner b y jthe enem y, to have
failed to rejoin his service w hen it w a s possible to do so ;
(i) any sum required b y order o f the President, o r a n y officer

deputed b y him in this behalf, to b e pîd f o f th e maur-
tenance o f an ofBco-'s w ife o r his legitim ate o r illegitim ate
children, o r towards the c o st o f a n y relief given b y the
U nion Governm ent to th e said w ife o r children.
9 3 , Subject to the provisions o f section 96 the fo llo w in g penal

Deduedoo» from A u c t i o n s m ay b e made from th e p a y and ^ lo w -
p ay and aOowaxicM o f ances o f a person s u b je a to this A c t o th er than
pertooa other than
an officer, d ia t is to say,—
(a) aD p a y and allowances fo r e v e r y d a y o f absence eith er on

d e so tio n or w ithout leave9 o r as a prisoner o f w a r , and
e v e r y d a y o f transportation o r im prisonm ent aw arded b y
a crim inal court» a court-m artial or an offider exercising
au th ority under section 82, o r o f field punishm ent awarded
Dy a courM nartial o r such o fficer ；
(6; all arrears o f p a y aüd allow an ces fo r e v e ry d a y w h ile he

is in custody on a charge fo r an offence o f wH ich he is
^ icüîfeàcooo œ Jo o S c o ^ icüsfesàcoo30i) à i〇jc iô S c c :Q
be : 〇§^〇〇 co3cci?c:TIPcü iooftoQ i£3cc:3co &œcoo6à c c (o )
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• Ô J
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lajcéssQscccoSl scccsSPcoec œcôos9co1ôc icoc?ccsccco5j
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OOCOOSOCCO& icoaîccsBjsaL'œ ccoo ccéb ooco% icdccsSccfeckeG
49
afterw ard s convicted b y a crim inal court or a court-martial>
o r b y an officer exercising auth ority under sertion 8 2 ；
(c) all p a y and allow ances fo r every day on w h ich he is in

hospital on accou n t o f sickness certified b y the medical
officer attending on him to have been caused b y an offence
under th is A c t com m itted b y h im ;
s, ‘
(d) fo r e v e ry d a y on w hich he is in hospital on, account o f
sickness certified b y the m edical 0 历 cer attending on him
to have b een caused b y his o w n m isconduct o r imprudence,
such sum as m a y be specified b y order o f the C hief o f
Staff o r such ofiScer as m ay he specified b y the C hief o f
Staff ;
(e) all p a y and allow ances ordered b y a court-martial o r b y an

officer ex ercisin g authority under any o f the section 82#
85, 86 and 87, tô be forfeited or stopped.;
(f) all p a y and allow ances fo r e very d a y betw een his being
recovfered fro m the enem y and his dismissal from the service
in consequen ce o f his conduct w h en being taken prisoner
by* o r ^rhile in the hands o f th e en em y ;
(g) any sum required to m ake good s u d i com pensàtion for any
expenses o r loss caused b y him to the Governm ent of the
U nion o r o f a Staff, or fo r a n y dam age o r destruction
caused b y him to a n y building o r property, as m ay be
aw arded b y his comm anding o fficer;
1
(h) an y sum reqtuired to p a y a fine awarded b y a crim inal court,
a court-m artial exercising jurisdiction under section 71, o r
an officer exercising auth ority under section 82 o r section 91 ;(i)
(i) an y sum requ ired b y order o f the O iie f o f Staff o r any

prescribed oflScer to be paid fo r the m aintenance o f such
9E
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personas w ife o r his legitim ate or illegitim ate child o r, to
wards the cost o f a n y re lie f given b y the U nion G overnm ent
to the said w ife or child.
9 4 . For the purposes o f clauses (a) and (b) o f section 93,—
(a) no person shall be treated as absent o r in
Com p utation tim e cu stod y fo r a d ay unless the absence o r
o f absence or custody. custod y has lasted, w h eth er w h o lly in one
day, or p artly in one d ay and p artly in another, fo r six
consecutive hours or u p w a rd s;
(b) any absence o r cu stod y fo r less than a d a y m ay b e reckoned

as absence o r cu stod y fo r a d a y i f such absence o r cu stod y
prevented th e absentee from fulfilling a n y -m ilitary d u ty
w hich was th ereby throw n upon some other person ;
(c) absence or custod y fo r tw elve consecutive hours o r upw ards

m ay be reckoned as absence o r custody fo r the w h o le o f
each d a y during a n y portion o f w h ich the person w as
absent o r in c u s to d y ;
(d) a period o f absence， o r imprisemmeht, w h ich com m ences

before, and ends after, m idnight m ay be reckoned as a
day.
¢ 5 . In the case o f a person subject to this A c t w h o is in custod y

o r under suspension from d u ty on a ch arge fo r
Pay d u r ^ g ^ r i* 11068
an offence, the prescribed officer m ay direct th at
a n y part not m ore than two-thirds o f th e p a y
an d 1 allowances o f such person shall be w ithheld, pending th e result
o f his trial on the charge against him.
96 . The total deductions from the p a y and allow ances o f a person

m ade under clauses (e), (j) to (i) o f section 93
L* ^ u c ti 〇
xM!rtain
slia11 not, ? x cePt w h ere he is sentenced to dism is
sal, exceed in a n y one m onth one h a lf o f h is
p a y and allowances fo r that month.
3°
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51
97 , A n y sum authorized b y this A c t to be deducted from the pay

and allow ances o f a n y person m ay, w ithout
D e d u c t io n fr o m prejudice to any oth er mode o f recovering the
ï pers〇n!°ney d le t〇 sam e, be deducted from a n y p ublic m o n ey due
to him other than a pension.
9 8 . W here the co n d u ct o f a n y person s u b j e c t to this Act^ when

being taken prisoner b y , o r w h ile in the hands
P a y a n d a llo w a n c e s
o f p r is o n e r o f, the enem y, is to b e inquired in to imder this
of w ar
d u rin g in q u ir y in to
A c t o r a n y oth er law , the C hief o f Staff o r any
his c o n d u c t .
oflScer authorized b y him m ay order th a t any
p a rt n o t.m o re than two-thirds o f the p a y and
allow ances o f such person shall be w ithheld pending the result o f such
in q u iry:
99. A n y deduction from p a y and allow ances authorized b y this

A c t m a y b e rem itted in such m aim er and to
R e m is s io n of such extent^ and b y such authority, as m ay from
deductions-
tim e to tim e be prescribed.
1 0 0 . In the case o f all persons subject to this A ct, being prisoners

o f w a r, w h o se p a y and allow ances h ave beca
' Provision fo r
dependants of forfeited under clause (h) o f section 92 o r clause
prisoner o f war from (a) o f sertion 93, b u t in respect o f w h o m a remis>
rem itted deductions.7
sion has been m ade under section 99, provision
m a y b e m ade b y the prescadbed authorities out
o f such p a y and a llo w an ces fo r a n y depen<knts o f such person, and
any suc±i remission shall, in th at case b e deem ed to a p p ly o n ly tq the
balance thereafter rem aining o f such p a y and allowances.
101. Provision m a y be m ade b y the prescribed authorities fo r any

Provision for degendants o f a n y person subject to this A c t
dependants o f prison- w h o is a prisoner o f w a r o r is missing, at not
w LdYllowM cesî118 less h a lf ° « o f his p a y and aUowances.
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52
102. For th e purposes o f sections 100 and i o i f a person shall be

deemed to continue to be a prisoner o f w a r until
Period during which the conclusion o f an y inquiry into his conduct
be r ^ n e ? ^ f ^ to such as is referred to in section 98, and i f he is
cashiered or dismissed from the service, in con
sequence o f such conduct, until the date o f such cashiering or dismissal.
CHAPTER IX.
A r r e st and Proceedings Before T rial .
103. (1) A n y person subject to this A ct w h o is charged w ith an

offence m ay be taken into m ilitary custody.
Custody of offenders. (2) A n y such person m ay be ordered into
m ilitary custody b y any superior offtcer.
(3) An ofiBcer m ay order into m ilitary custody any officer, though

h e m ay be o f a higher rank, engaged in a quarrel, affray or disorder.
104. (1) E very commanding officer shall take that a person

under his com m and w hen charged w ith an
^ Duty of command offence is n o t detained in custod y fo r m ore than
ing offictr In regard
to detentions. forty-eight hours after the com m ittal o f such
person into cu stod y is reported to him, w ith o u t
th e charge being investigated, unless investigation w ithin th at period
seem s to him to b e impracticable having regard to the public service.
(2) The case o f every person detained in custody beyond a period

o f forty-eight hours, and the reason thereof, shall be reported b y the
commanding officer to the oflScer to w ho m application w ould be made
t o convene a district court-martial fo r the trial o f the person charged.
(3) In reckoning the period o f forty-eight hours, specified in sub

section (1), Sundays and other p u b lic holidays shall be excluded.
(4) Subject to the provisions o f this A ct, the President m a y make

rules providing fo r the maimer in w h ich and the period fo r w hich
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53
a n y person subject to th is A c t m a y be taken into and detained in

m ilitary custody, pending the trial b y a n y com petent authority fo r
a n y offence com m itted b y him .
105. In every case w here a n y such person as is mentioned in

section 103 and as is not on active service remains
Interval betw een in such custod y fo r a longer period than eight
m w r S r 31 and c〇 urt* days, w ith o u t a court-m artial fo r his trial being
ordered to assemble, a special report giving
reasons fo r the d elay shall be m ade b y his com m anding officer in
the m anner prescribed, and a sim ilar report s h a ll,b e forw arded at
intervals o f e>断 y eight days until a court-m artial is assembled or such
person is released from custody.
. 1 0 6 . W hen ever any person subject to this A ct, w h o is accused o f

any offence under this A ct, is w ith in the jurisdic-
Arrest by civil ti 〇n o f a n y m agistrate o r p olice officer, such
authorities. • J _ , „ ., . _
m agistrate o r p olice officer shall aid in tne
apprehension and d elivery to m ilitary custody o f such person upon
receipt o f a w ritten ap p licatio ir to th at effect signed b y his command*
in g officer.
107. (1) W hen ever any person subject to-this A ct deserts, the com
m anding officer o f the corps, department, unit.
Capture 〇
f deserters- sh ip dr detachm ent ter w hich he belongs, sfiàll
give^ w ritten inform ation o f th e desertion to such civ il authorities as,
in his opinion, m ay be able to afford assistance tow ards the capture o f
the deserter; and such authorities shall thereupon take steps fo r the
apprehension o f th e said deserter in lik e m anner as if he wfere a person
fo r w hose apprehension a w arra n t had been issued b y a magistrate,
a ad shall deliver the deserter, w h e n apprehended, into m ilitary custody.
(2) A n y police officer m ay arrest w ith o u t w arrant any person

reasonably believed to be subject to this A ct and to à oeêrter 01
to be travelling w ithou t au th ority, and shall bring him w itliout delay
b efo re the nearest m agistrate, to be dealt w ith accordihg to law .
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54
108. ( i) W hen any person subject to this A ct has been absent

from his duty w ith o u t due auth ority fo r a period
absence twenty-one days, a c o m o î inquiry shall, as
w • soonaas practicable, b e assembled, and such court
shalL on oath or affirmation administered in the prescribed manner ；
inquire respçjcting the absence o f the person, and the deficiency, i f
any, in th e property o f the Governm ent entrusted to his care, o r in
a n y arm s, am m unition, equipment, instrum ents, clothing o r necessaries ;
and i f satisfied o f such absence w ithout due auth ority o r other sufficient
cause, the court shall declare such absence and the period 肌d
the said deficiency, i f any, and the com m anding officer o f the corps^
unit, o r ship to w hich the person belongs shall enter in the coutt-
m artial b o o k of. the corps, unit, or ship a record 〇 £ th e dedaratioo.
(2) If the person declared absent does not afterw ards surrender o r
is n o t apprehended, he shall for the purposes o f this A c t, be deemed to
be a deserter.
1 0 9 . ( i) Provost-marshals m ay he appointed b y the C h ief o f Staff,

o r b y a n y prescribed officer.
Provost-marshals. (2) The duties o f a provost-marshal are to take
charge o f persons confined for any offence, to preserve good order and
discipline, and to prevent breaches o f th e same b y persons serving in#
o r attached t o , tile Defence & rviçcs.
(3) ^ provost-marshal m ay at any tim e a n c s t and detain f o r trial

any person subject to this A ct w ho com m its, o r is charged w ith f an
offence, and m ay also c a n y into effect a n y p y^ sh m en t to be inflicted
in pursûancè o f the sentence awarded b y -a court-martial, o r b v an
officer exercising authority under section 82 but shall n p t inflict a n y
punishm ent on his ow n authority:
Provided that no offico* shall be so arrested o r d et^ n ed -b y a provost*

m arshal w h o is not an officer otherwise A a n on th é o riffr o f another
officer.
39
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55
CHAPTER X .
C o u r t s -m a r t ia l .
11 ®. For the purposes o f this A c t there shall be fo u r kinds o f

courts-martial, th at is to say,—
(a) general courts-m artial;
K in ds o f courts- (fc) district courts-m artial;
(c) sum m ary general courts-m artial; and
(d) sum m ary courts-m artial.
111.A general court-martial m ay be convened b y the President

o r th e C hief o f 5 taff or b y an y officer em pow eréd
Power to convene a in this behalf b y w arran t o f th e President o r
general court-martial.
the C h ief o f Staff.
112. A district court-martial m ay be convened b y an ofScer having

p o w er to convene a general court-m artial o r b y
a° y officer em pow ered in this beh alf b y w arrant
* o f an y such officer.
113. A w a r r a n t issued u n d e r se c tio n h i o r se c tio n 1 1 2 m a y c o h ta in

such restrictions, reservations o r conditions as
Contents o f wtrrantB
issued under sections the ofScer issuing it m ay th ink fit.
h i and SX2.
114. T h e foflow ing authorities shall h ave p ow er to convene a sum

m ary general court-m artial, nam ely,—
Power to convene a ⑷ an officer em pow ered in this behalf b y an
onier o f 加 President o r o f the C h ie f o f
S taff;
(b) on a ctive service, the officer com m anding the forces in the
fid d # c»* any officer em pow ered b y him in this b e h a lf;
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56
(c) an officer com m anding a n y detached portion o f the D efence

Services on a ctive service w hen, in his opinion, it is not
practicable, w ith due regard to discipline and th e exigencies
o f the service, that an offence should be tried b y a general
court-m artial.
115. A general court-m artial shall consist o f n o t less than five

officers, each o f w h o m has- held a commission
Com position of ge- fo r not less than three w h o le years and o f whom
ncra not less than fo u r 'a r e o f a ran k n o t below that
o f captain o f the a rm y o r equivalent rank o f the other services:
Provided that an officer* w ith less than three years" service m ay

b e appointed i f he has acted as a Sessions Judge o r as an Additional
Sessions Judge fo r a t least tw o years, o r has p o e tis e d as an A dvocate
fo r at least ten years.
11 6 * A district court-m artial shall consist o f not less than three

Com position of officers, each o f w hom has held a commission
district court-martial. fo r not less than tw o w h o le years.
117 , A sum m ary general court-m artial shall consist o f not less than ：
th ree officers-
Com position o f sum*
vqmij general court-
m trtiaL
11 8 , A t every general, district o r sum m ary general court-martiaL

Genera! com position th e m ajority o f the m em bers o f th e court shaU
of co u m -m artia l. b e from the service to w h ich the accused belongs.
11 9 . ( i) A sum m ary court-m artial m ay be h e ld ~

(a) b y the com m anding officer o f a n y corps, unit^
Sum m ary court- departm ent or detachm ent in the case o f
the a rm y ;
(&> b y th ç com m anding officer o f an y ship, unit, base o r sub-base
in th e case o f the t m y ；
(c) b y the com m anding officer o f a statiûi^ squadron, unît o r
detachm ent in the case o f tlie air fa a x i
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57
(d) b y an y conimanding ofiBcer m entioned in clause (a), (b) or

(c) under whose command o r orders, details su b ject to
this A c t are serving on attachm ent.
(2) A t e v e r y sum m ary court-martial the officer holding sth e trial

shall alone constitute the court, but th e proceedings shall be attended
throughout b y tw o other officers w h o shall not, as such, be sw orn
o r affirmed.
1 2 0 * ( i)If a court-martial, after tHe com m encem ent o f a tr ia l

is reduced in num ber b elo w th e k g a l m inim um .
Dissolution 〇f it shall, be dissolved :
c〇 urtB" ^ Provided lh a t nothing contained in ûâs sub*
section shall a p p ly to a general court-martial if th e convening officer
appoints a e w m embers to provide th e legal m inim um a n d sô tong
as three original members o f the court remain throughout the tr ia l;
and w hen a n y n e w mémbér has been sw orn or affirmed, th e trial m ay
proceed after the recorded evidence o f each witness p revio u sly exam in
ed has been read t o ；the court in th e presence o f the accused, the
persons a{q>eaiing on behalf o f the prosecution^ and o f the defence,
and thé |tidge advocate.
(2) If, on accou n t o f the illness o f the accused before the finding»
i t is im possible to continue the trial, a court-martial shall b e dissolved.
(3) T lie officer convened a court-martial m a y diisisdlVe such

court-m artial i f it appears to him th at m ilitary exigencies o r the ncccs-
sities o f discipline render it impossible o r inexpedient to continue the
said court-m artial.
(4) W h ere a oHBt-niÊial is dissolved under this section, the accused

m a y b e tried aga&k
12 1 A gen en d o r sum mary general c o im - m o B il $haQ have pow er

o f ffen en l t o tr y a n y person subfect I p d ib A c t f o r a n y
and w o m n m y general offence punishable therein *ând to pass a n y
coar^ flM 4bi.
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58
1 2 2 . A district court-m artial shall have p ow er to t r y a n y person

su bject to th is A c t other than an officer for a n y
Power» o f district offence m ad e punishable therein, and to pass any
• sentence au th orized b y this A c t o th er than a
sentence o f death, transportation o r im prisonm ent fo r a term exceeding
tw o y ea rs:
Provided that a district court-m artial shall not sentence a w arrant
officer to im p rison m en t
1 2 3 . (i) Subject to the provisions o f sub-section (2), a sum m ary

court-m artial m a y try any offence punishable
Powers ofaummary under this A c t.
courts-m artial. x r .
(2) W h e n there is no grave reason for im
m ediate actio a and reference can w ith o u t detrim ent to discipline be
m ade to th e officer em pow ered to convene a dictrict court-m artial or
on a ctiv e senrice a sum m ary gen eral court-martial f o r the trial o f
A e alleged offender, a sununary court-m artial shall n o t t r y w ith ou t
such reference a n y offence punishable under any o f the sections 32, 33,
36, 64 (2> and 7 1, o r an y offence against the officer holding the court.
(3) A sum m ary court-m artial m a y tr y any person subject to this

A c t and under th e com m and o f th e oflScer holding th e co u rt, except
an officer o r w arran t officer.
(4) A sum m ary court-m artial m a y pass any sentence w h ich m ay

b e passed under th is A c t, e x cep t a sentence o f death, o r transportation
o r o f im prisonm ent fo r a term ex ceed in g the lim it specified in sub
a c t io n (5 )-
(5) T h e lim it referred to in sub-section (4) shall b e on e y e a r if
th e officer holding th e sum m ary court-m artial is n o t b e lo w the rank
o f m ajor in the case o f the a rm y o r an equivalent rank in the case
a t th e n a v y o r th e air force, and th ree m onths i f such officer is b elow
Ib at rank.
1 Z4 . W h en a n y person su bject to this A ct has been acquitted o r

convicted o f a n ' offence b y a court-m artial or
second b y a crim inal co u rt, or has been d ea lt w ith
* under a n y o f th e sections 82, 85, 86 and 87, he
À a l l n o t b e liable to b e tried again fo r the same offence b y a court-
m artial o r dealt w it h under th e .said section.
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59
Explanation.一 A finding o f a general, district o r sum m ary general

court-m artial, i f n o t confiim ed, is o f no va lid ity ; in such a case, there
fore, the accused has not been acquitted or c o n v i c t e d . .
1 2 5 . (I) ; E xcept as provided b y sub-section (2), no trial b y court-

m artial o f any person subject to this A c t fo r
Penodjof îm itation any offence shall be com m enced after the expira
tion o £ ：
a period o f diree years from th e date
o f such oftence.
(2) T he provisions o f sub-section (i) shall n o t a p p ly to a trial

fo r an offence o f desertion or fraudulent enrolm ent o r fo r a n y o f the
offences m entioned in section ^6.
(3) In the com putation o f the period o f tim e m entioned in sub

section (1), any tim e spent b y such person as a prisoner o f w a r, o r in
en em y territory, o r in evading arresft, or in hospital during th e period
o f arrest or suspension from duty, after the commission o f the offence,
shall be exclu dedt
(4) N o trial fo r an offence of desertion other than desertion on

a ctiv e service o r o f fraudulent enrolment shall be com m enced i f th e
person in question, n o t being an officer, has subsequently to th e com
m ission o f the offence, served continuously in an exem p lary m anner
fo r n o t less than three years w ith any portion o f the D efence Services.
1 2 6 . (1) W h ere an offence under this A c t had been com m itted b y

a n y person subject to this A ct, and he has ceased
L ia b ility o f offender to be so subject, he m a y b e taken into and kept
nho ceases to be
. subject to the Act. in m ilitary custody, and tried and punished fo r
such offence as if he continued to b e so subject.
(2) N o such person shall be tried fo r an offence, unless his trial

com m ences w ithin s ix months after he has ceased to be so subject
to this A c t :
Provided th at nothing contained in this sub-section shall ap ply

to the trial o f a n y su ch person for an offence o f desertion or fraudulent
enrolm ent o r fo r a n y o f the offences m entioned in section o r shall
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60
affect the jurisdiction of a crim inal cou rt to try any offence triable by
such cou rt as w e ll as b y a court-m artial.
(3) W hen a person subject to this A c t is sentenced b y a court-

martial to transportation or im prisonm ent, this A c t shall ap p ly to him
during the term o f his sentence, though he is cashiered o r dismissed
from the service, or has otherwise ceased to be subject to this A ct,
and he m ay be kept in custody, rem oved, imprisoned and punished
as if he continued to be s u b je a to this A ct.
(4^ W hen a person subject to this A ct is sentenced b y a court-

martial \o death, this A ct shall apply to him till the sentence is carried
out.
12 7 . A n y person subject to this A c t w h o commits an y offence

under it m ay be tried and punished f o r such
P*ace o f trial. offence in any place w hatever.
1 28 . W h en a crim inal cotirt and a court-m artial have each jurisdic

tion in respect o f an offence, it shall b e in the
Choice betw een discretion o f the officer em powered to convene
criminal court and
Court-martial. a general court-m artial fo r the trial o f the
accused, or such other officer as m ay be prescrib
ed, to decide before w h ich court th e proceedings shall be instituted,
and, i f th at officer decides that th e y should be instituted b efo re a
coiu-t-martial, to direct that th e accused person shall be detained in
m ilitary custody.
1 29 . (1) W h en a crim inal court having jurisdiction is o f opinion

that proceedings shall be instituted b éfo re itself
Power o f crim inal in respect o f a n y alleged offence, it m a y , b y
^ I^ ery o f o f f é S e ^
w ritten notice, require the officer referred to in
section 128 at his option, either to deliver over
th e offender to th e nearest m agistrate to be proceeded against accord
ing to law , or to postpone proceedings pending a reference to the
President.
Go
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61
(2) In e v e ry such case the said officer shall eW ier deliver over the
offender in com pliance w ith the requisition, or shall forth w ith refer
the question as to the court before which the proceedings are to be
instituted fo r th e determ ination o f the President, w hose order upon
such reference shall be final.
(3) W hen an accused person subject to this A c t is standing trial

before a crim inal court, o r pending a decision b y th e President as to
the form o f c o iu t b y w h ich he is to be tried, the accused m ay be kep t
in m ilitary custod y to be produced before such court as and w hen
required.
130. (1) N ow ithstandûîg anything contained in an y other law fo r

the tim e being in force a person convicted or
Successive trials by acquitted b y a court-martial m ay, w ith the
^ urN m artiaL^ ^ previous sanction o f the President, be tried again
b y a crim inal court for the same ofFence, o r on
the same facts.
(2) If a person sentenced b y a court-martial under this A çt or

punished under a n y o f the sections 82, 85, 86 or 87 is afterwards tried
and convicted b y a crim inal court for the same offence, o r on the
same facts, that co u rt shall, in awarding punishment, have regard to
the punishm ent he m ay already have undergone fo r the said ofFence.
CHAPTER XI.
Pr o c e d u r e of C o u r t s -M a r t i a l ；
1 3 1 . A t a general, district o r sum mary general court-martial the

senior member shall be the presiding officer.
Presiding officer.
132, E very general court-m artial shall, and every district o r sum-
ju d Advocate general cx>urt-martial m ay, be attended b y
u gc* vocae. a Judge-Advocatet w ho shall be either an officer
belonging to the D epartm ent o f th e |ud£e-Advocate-General. o r if no
b« cjysSwicbcG |〇iscc i:^bccco^co|àcc «icEylfecdoSro ^ccfeàcccooS
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62
such officer is available, any fit person approved o f b y the Judge-

Advocate-General or any o f his deputies.
1 3 3 . (i) A t all trials b y general, district or sum m ary general court-

m artial, as soon as th e co u rt is assembled, the
Challenges. names o f the presiding officer and members shall
be read over to the accused, w ho shall thereupon be asked w hether
he objects to being tried b y any officer sitting on the c o u r t; and this
procedure shall be follow ed in respect o f a n y n ew member appointed
under sub-section (i) o f section 120 as soon as a general court-martial
is assembled after such appointment.
(2) If the accused objects to any such officer, his objection, and
also the rep ly thereto o f the officer objected to shall be heard and
recorded, and thei rem aining officers o f the court shall, in the absence
o f the challenged officer, decide on the objection.
(3) If the objection is allowed b y one-half or m ore o f the votes

o f the officer entitled to vote, the objection shall be allowed, and the
member objected to shall retire, and his v a ca n cy m a y be filled in the
prescribed m anner b y another officer w ith o u t prejudice to the same
right o f the accused to object.
(4) W hen no challenge is made, o r w h en challenge has been made

and disallowed, or the place of every officer successfully challenged
has been filled b y another officer to w h o m no objection is made or
allowed, the court shall proceed w ith the trial.
134. (1) An oath o r affirmation in th e prescribed m anner shall be

adm inistered to e v e r y m em ber o f e very court-
Oaths 〇f m em ber, m artial and to th e jiïdge-advocate before the com-
witncssfV〇 Cate 3ndniencem ent' o f the trial save as provided in
sections 120 and 133.
(2) E very person givin g evidence b efo re a court-m artial shall be
examined after being d u ly sworn o r afiirm ed in the prescribed form.
(3) The provisions o f sub-section (2) shall not ap ply w here the
witness is a child under tw elve years o f age and the court-martial is
oc
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63
o f opvriion that though th e w itness understands the d u ty o f speaking

the truth, he does n o t understand th e nature o f an oath or •，レ…
13 5 . (i) Subject to the provisions o f sub-sections ( 2) a n d •ふ..

every decision o f a court-m artial shall be passed
Voting by m em bers . b y an absolute m ajority o f votes ; and w here
there is an equality o f votes on eithor the finding or the sentence,
the decision shall be in fa v o u r o f th e accused.
(2) N o sentence o f death shall b e pasÆd b y a general court-martial

w ithou t the concurrence o f at least tw o-thirds o f the m embers o f the
court
N o sentence o f death shall b e passed b y a sum m ary general
court-martial w ithou t the concurrence o f all the members.
In m atters, other than a ch allen ge 〇t the finding or sentence,
th e presiding officer shall have a castin g vote.
136. The evidence A c t shall, su b ject to the provisions o f this

A ct, apply to all proceedings before a court-
General ju le M to martial.
137. E very person accused o f an offence shall be a com petent

Evidence o f accused on ^ o w n behalf In any trial o f the
accused solely or jo in tly w ith a n y oth er person or persons, and his

evidence m ay be used against any person or persons tried jo in tly w ith
h im :
Provided as fo D o w s:—
(a) the accused shall not be exam ined as a witness excep t at
his ow n desire ;
(b) before giving evidence the accused shall I t warned b y the
Court that he is not boun d to give evidence, and that if
he does so his evidènee m a y be used against a n y person
or persons tried jo in tly w ith him ;
(c) the failure o f the accused t o g iv e evidence shall not be made

th e subject o f an y com m en t b y the prosecution and no
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64
court-martial shall draw any adverse inference there

from .
T he righ t conferred b y this section, to be exam ined as a w itness

on oath shall be in lieu o f his right to m ake a statem ent w hich is not
〇a oath. He m ay exercise either o f the rights vested in him.
1 3 8 . A court-m artial m ay take judicial notice o f a n y m atter w ithin

the general m ilitary know ledge o f the members.
Judicial notice.
139. ( i) The convening oScer, the presiding officer o f a court-

m artial, the judge-^lvocate or the com m anding
Summoning witnesses. ofiScer o f the accused perscm*may# b y summons
under liis hand, require the attendance, at a tim è and place to be
under his
m entioned in the summons, o f a n y person either to give evidence or
t o produce a n y docum ent or other thing.
(2 ) In th e case o f a person amenable to m ilitary authority, the

som m ons shall be sent to his commanding officer, and such officer
d ia n serve i t u p m h im a c c o r d in g ly .
(3) In d ie case o f a n y otber witness, the summons shall b e sent
t o th e m agistrate w ithin w hose jurisdiction he m ay be or reside, and
s u d i m agistrate shall giye effect to the s u m m o n s as if the w itness
w ere required in the court o f such magistrate.
(4) W hen a w itness is required to prcxiuce any particular docum ent

o r otber thing in his possession o r power, the summons shall describe
i t w ith reascmable precision.
1 4 0 . ( i) N othing in section 139 diall be deemed to affect the opera-

t ir a o f sections 123 and 124 o f the Evidence
Act* o r r a apply to a n y letter, p ostcard , telegram
o r other document in th e custody o f the postal
o r té le ff^p h amhm ities.
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69
6S
(2) If any docum ent in such cu stod y is, in the opinion o f a n y

D istrict M agistrate, Courts o f Session o r H igh Court, w a n te d ’ ï<»
die purpose o f a n y court-martial, such M agistrate o r C ourt m ay require
th e or telegraph authorities, as the case m a y be, to deBver such
to sucB person as such M agistrate o r C o u rt m ay Ærect.
(3) ï f any such docum ent is, in the opinion o f any other m agistrate
o r o f any com m issioner cS police o r district superintendent o f p olice,
w an ted fo r a n y such purpose, he m ay require th e postal o r telegraph
authorities, as the case m ay be, to cause search t o b e made fo r and
to detain such docum ent pending the orders o f a n y such D istrict
M agistrate, Courts o f Session -Or High C ourt.
1 4 1 . ( 1 ) W hen ever, in the course o f a trial b y court-m artial, it

appears to the co u rt th a t the exam ination o f
Commissions fo r e x - a w itness is necessary fo r the ends o f justice,
amination o f witnesses. _ , , _ - .
and that the attendance o f such w itness can n ot
b e procured w ith o u t an am ount o f d ela y , exp en se o r inccm venicncc
w h ich , in the circum stances o f the case, w o u ld b e unreasonable, such
c o u r t m ay address the Judge*Advocate*General in order that â co m
m ission to take the evidence o f such w itness m ay b e issued.
(2) The Judge-Advocate-General m ay th en , if .he thinks necessary,

issue a com m ission to any D istrict M agistrate o r m agistrate o f th e
first class, or a n y officer m entioned in sub-section (4), w ith in the lo ca l
lim its o f w hose jurisdiction such w itness resides, to take evidence o f
such witness.
(3) The m agistrate or ofScer t o w h o m the com m ission is issued,

or, i f he is the D istrict M agistrate, he o r such m agistrate o f the first
class as he appoints in this behalf, shall proceed to the place w h ere
th e w itness is o r shall summon the w itness b efo re him and shall ta!ke
d o w n his evidence in the sam e m anner, and m a y fo r thi.q purpose
exercise the sam e powers, as in trials o f w arrant-cases under the C o d e
o f Crim inal Procedure.
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66
(4) W h en the w itness resides out o f the Union o f Burma, the com
m ission m ay be issued to any Consular OfiBcer or other official *〇£
th e U nion o f Burm a com petent to administer an oath o r affirmation
in th e place w here such w itness resides.
(5) In this' section and in section 142, the expression “ Judge*

A d vo cate-G en eral” includes a D eputy Judge*AdY〇cate«Geiierai.
142. (1) The prosecutor and the accused person in a n y case in

w h ich a com m ission is issued under section 141
Exam ination o f a m ay respectively forw ard any interrogatories in
witness on c〇m_ w ritin g w h ich the court m ay think relevant to
th e issue, and the magistrate or officer executing
the com m ission shall exam ine the w itness upon such interrogatories.
(2) The prosecutor and the accused person m ay appear b rfo re

such m agistrate o r officer b y counsel or, ex cep t in the case o f an accused
person in custod y, in person, and m ay examine, cross-examine and
re-exam ine, as the case m ay be, the said witness.
(3) A fte r a com m ission issued under section 141 has been d u ly
executed , it shall be returned, together w ith the deposition o f the
w itn ess exam ined thereunder, to the Judge-Advocate-General.
(4) On receipt o f a comm ission ^ id deposition returned under

sub-section (3), th e Judge-Advocate-General shall fo rw a rd the sam e
to th e cou rt a t w h o se instance the commission w as issued or, i f such
co u rt has been dissolved, to an y other court convened fo r the trial o f
th e accused person ; and th e com m ission, the return thereto and th e
deposition shall be opén to inspection b y the prosecutor and the accused
person, and m ay, subject to all just exceptions, be read in evidence in
th e case b y either th e prosecutor o r the accused, and shall forra part
o f th e proceedings o f the court.
(5) In e v e ry case in w h ich a com m ission is issued under section 14 1,

th e trial m ay b e adjourned fo r a specified time reasonably sufficient
fo r the execu tio n and return o f the commission.
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67
143. (i) A person charged before a court-m artial w ith desertion

m ay be found g u ilty o f attem pting to desert or
C o n v ictio n o f otTencc 〇f being absent w ith o u t leave.
n • (2) A person charged before a court martial

with attem pting to desert m ay be found g u ilty of being absent w ith ou t
leave.
(3) A person charged before a court-m artial w ith using crim inal
force m ay be found g u ilty o f assault.
(4) A person charged before a court-m artial w ith using threatening

language m ay be found g u ilty o f using insubordinate language.
(5) A person charged before a court-m artial w ith any one o f the
offences specified in clauses (a), {b), (c) and (d) o f section 51 m ay be
found g u ilty o f any other of these ofFences w ith w h ich he m ight have
been charged.
(6) A person charged before a court-m artial w ith an offence

punishable under section 71 m ay be fo u n d g u ilty o f a n y other offence
o f w hich he m ight have been found g u ilty if the p rovisions o f the Code
o f Crim inal Procedure w ere applicable.
(7) A person charged before a court-m artial w ith a n y offence under

this A c t m ay, on failure o f proof o f an offence h avin g been com m itted
in circum stances involving a more severe punishm ent, b e found g u ilty
o f the same offence as having been com m itted in circum stances
involving a less severe punishment.
(8) A person charged before a court-m artial w it h a n y offence
under this A c t m ay be found guilty o f h avin g attem pted or abetted the
commission o ï that offence, although th e attem pt o r abetm ent is not
separately charged.
1 4 4 . In a n y proceeding under this A c t, any ap plication, certificate,

w arrant, reply o r o th er docum ent purporting to
P r e s u m p tio n as
be signed b y an officer in th e service o f the
s ig n a tu re s .
Governm ent o f th e Union o r o f a State, shall,
on production, be presumed to have b een duly signed b y the person
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68
b y w h o m and in the character in w h ich it purports to have been signed,

until th e co n trary is shown.
145. ( i) A n y enrolment paper purporting to be signed b y an enroll

ing officer shall, in proceedings under this A ct, b e
E n rolm en t paper. evidence o f th e person enrolled having given
the answ ers to questions w hich he is therein represented as having
given.
(2) T h e enrolment o f such person m ay be proved b y the production

o f the original or a cop y o i his enrolm ent paper purporting to be certified
to be a true copy by the officer having the custody of the enrolm ent
paper.
146. (i) A letter, return or other docum ent respecting the service
o f any person in , or the cashiering, dismissal
Presum ption as to o r discharge o f a n y person from , any portion
certain docum ents. _ , _ _ こ • . .
o f the D efence Services, or respecting the
circum stan ce 〇r any person not having served in, or belonged to, a n y
portion o f th e Defence Services, if purporting to be signed b y o r on
behalf o f th e President o r the C hief o f Staff, or b y any prescribed
officer, shall be evidence o f the facts stated in such letter, return o r
other docum ent.
(2) A n A rm y , N avy or A ir Force List or Gazette purporting to

be published b y authority shall be evidence o f the status and rank o f
the officers therein mentioned, and o f a n y appointment held b y them
and o f th e corps, ship, unit, arm, departm ent o r branch o f th e services
to w h ich th e y belong.
(3) W h e re a record is made in a n y regim ental book in pursuance

o f th is A c t o r o f a n y rules made thereunder or otherwise in pursuance
o f m ilita iy du ty, and purports to l>e signed b y the commanding ofiScer
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69
or b y the officers w hose duty it is m ake such record, such record shall
be evidence o f the facts therein stated.
(4) A copy o f any record of any regim ental book purporting to b e

certified to be a true copy b y the officer having custody o f such book
shall be evidence o f such record.
(5) Where a n y person subject to this A c t is being tried on a charge

o f desertion or o f absence w ith ou t leave, and such perscMi has surrendered
him self into the cu stod y o f any officer o r other person su b ject t o th is
A ct, or any poftion o f the Defence Services, or has been apprehended
b y such officer o r person, a certificate purportm g to b e signed b y such
officer, or b y the com m anding officer o f that portion o f the D efen ce
Services, or b y the com m anding officer o f the corps, departm ent,
detachment, unit or ship to w hich such person belongs, as the case
m ay be. and stating4the fact, date and p lace of such surrender o r appre
hension, and the manner in w hich he w as dressed, shall be evidence
o f the matters so stated.
(6) Where an y person subject to this A ct is being tried w i a

charge of desertion o r o f absence w ith o u t leave, and such person has
surrendered him self into the custod y of, or has been apprehended
b y , a police officer not below the rank o f an officer in charge o f a p olice
station, a certificate purporting to be signed b y such j)〇lice officer
and stating the fact, date and place d f such surrender o r apprehension
and t\\c manner in w hich he w as dressed, shall b e evidence o f the
m atters so stated.
(7) A ny docum ent purporting to be a report under the hand o f

a n y Chemical E xam iner or Assistant Chem ical Exam iner to G overn
m ent upon an v- m atter o r thing duly subm itted to him fo r examinatiem
or analysis and report m ay be used as evidence in a n y proceeding
under this A ct.
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70
147. (i) If at any trial fo r desertion or absence w ithout leave,

overstaying leave or not rejoining when warned
R e fe r e n c e b y a c c u - fo r .service, the person tried states in his defence
to G overn m en t 如 sufficient o r reasonable excuse for his
unauthorized absence, and refers in support
thereof to a n y ofiBcer in the service o f th e Governm ent o f the Union or
o f a State, o r i f it appears that any such officer is lik ely tp prove or
disprove th e said statem ent in the defence, the cou rt shall address
such officer and adjourn the proceedings until his rep ly is received.
(2) T he w ritte n rep ly o f any ofiBcer so referred to shall, if signed

b y him, b e received in evidence and h ave the same effect as if made
on oath b efo re th e court.
(3) IÎ th e c o u rt is dissolved before the receip t o f such reply, or

i f the cou rt om its to co m p ly w ith th e provisions o f this section, the
convening officer m ay, a t b s discretion , annul th e proceedings and
order a fresh trial.
148. ( i) W h e n any person subject t o this A a has been convicted

b y a court-m artial o f an y offence, such court-
Evidence o f p revious m artial m ay inquire into, and receive and record
chwacter?8 ^ Rcncral evidence o f a n y previous convictions of such
person^, either b y a court-m artial or b y a criminal
court, o r a n y previous aw ard o f punishm ent under a n y o f the sections
82* 85, 86 and 87, and m ay further inquire into and record the general
character o f such person and such o th er m atters as m a y be prescribed.
(2) Evidence received under this section m ay be either oral, or in

th e shape of- entries in, o r certified ex tra cts from , court-martial books
o r other o & c ia l records ; and it shall n o t be necessary to give notice
before trial t o the. person tried that eviden ce as to his previous convic
tions or ch aracter w ill b e received.
(3) A t a sum m ary court-m artial th e officer holding the trial m ay,
i f h e thinks fit# record a n y previous ccmvicticms against th e offender^
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71
his general character, and such other matters as m ay be prescribed,

as o f his o w n know ledge, instead o f requiring them to be proved under
the foregoin g provisions o f this section.
149. (i) W henever, in the course o f a trial b y a court-martial,

it ap] tears to the court that the accused person
L u n a cy o f accused. is b y reason o f unsoundness o f m ind incapable
o f m akin g his defence, or iJiat he com m itted tHe act alleged but was
b y reason o f unsoundness of mind incapable of know ing the nature
o f the a ct o r know ing th at it was w ron g or contrary to la w , the court
shall record a finding accordingly.
(2) T h e presiding officer o f the court, or, in the case o f a summary

court-m artial, th e o伍c e r hoiding the trial, shall forth w ith repôrt the
case to th e confinning officer, or to th e authority em pow ered to deal
w ith its finding under section 166, as the case n\ay be.
(5) T h e confirm ing officer to w h o m the case is reported under

sub-section (2) m ay, if he does not confirm the finding, take ^teps to
h av e the accused person tried b y the same or another court-martial
fo r th e offen ce w ith w h ich he w as originally charged.
(4> T h e au th o rity t o w hom the finding of a süimnary court-martial

is reported under sub-section (2), and a confirming officer confirm ing
a finding in a n y case so reported to him shall order the accused person
to be k e p t in custody in the prescribed manner and Shall report th e
case f o r th e orders o f the President.
(5) O n receip t o f a report under sub-section (4) the President m ay

order the accused person to be detained in a lunatic asylum or other
suitable p la ce o f safe custody.
1 5 0 . W h e re a n y accused person, having been found b y reason o f

unsoundness o f mind to be iincapable o f making
Subsequent fit-
his defence, is in custody or under detention
nets o f lunatic a<
fo r trial. under section 149, the officer com m anding a
form ation n o t less than a bngade in the case o f
th e arm y, a form ation prescribed as equivalent to not less than a
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72
brigade (army) in the case o f the n avy o r air fo rce, w ith in th e area
o f whose com m and the accused is in cu stod y o r is detained, o r a n y
other o伍cer prescribed in this behalf, m ay —
(a) if such person is in custody under sub-section '(4) o f section
149, on the report o f a m edical officer th a t he is capable
o f m aking his defence, or
(b) i f such person is detained in a jail under Sub-section Î5) o f

section 149, on a certificate o f the Inspector-General o f
Prisons, and if such person is detained in a lun atic asylum
under the said subrsection on* a certificate o f a n y tw o or
m ore o f the visitors o f such asylum that he is capable o f
m aking his defence,
take steps to have such person tried b y the sam e o r anoth er court-
mardal for the ofFence w ith w h ich he w as ongxnally charged or, i f the
offence is a civil ofFence, b y a criminal court.
151 . A co p y o f every order made b y an 0伍cer under section i

中 • • ‘ L fo r the trial o f th e accused shall fo rth w ith be
President o f orders sent to the President,
under Rection 150.
15 2 , W h ere an y person is in cu sto d y under sub-section (4) o f

M t section 149 o r under detention under sub-
(a) if such person is in custody under the said sub-section (4),

on the report o f a m edical officer, or
(b) if such person is detained under the said sub-section (5),

o n a certificate from any o f th e authorities m entioned in
clause (b) o f section 150, th at in the judgm ent o f such
officer or auth ority such person m ay be released w ith o u t
danger o f his doing in ju ry t o him self o r to a n y other
person,
the President m ay order th at such person b e released o r detained in

custody, o r transferred to a public lunatic asylum i f h e h as n o t already
been sent to such an asylum .
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73
1 5 3 * W h e re any relative or friend o f a n y person w ho is in custody

under sub-section (4) o f section 149 or under
under sub-section (s) of th at section
desires that he should be delivered to his care
and cu stod y, th e President m ay, upon application b y such relative o r
friend and on his giving security to the satisfaction of the President
that th e person delivered shall be p roperly taken care o f and prevented
from d oin g in ju ry to him self o r a n y other person, and be produced
fo r the inspection o f such 0伍cer, anà at such tfmes and places, as the
President m a y direct, order such person to be delivered to such relative
o r friend.
1 5 4 . W h è n an y property regarding w h ich an y offence appears to

have been com m itted, or w hich appears to have
O rder fo r custody been used fo r th e commission o f a n y offence^ is
Produced before a court-martial during a trial,
the court m a y m ake such order as it thinks fit
fo r the p ro p er custody o f such property pending the conclusion o f
the trial, and if the property is subject to speedy or natural decay m ay,
after reco rd in g such evidence as it thinks necessary, order it to be sold
o r o th erw ise disposed of.
1 5 5 . (1) A fte r the conclusion o f a trial before any court-martial,

th e court o r th e officer confirming the finding
O rder for disposal or sentence o f such court-m artial or any authority
re? ardin8 superior to such officer or to the officer conven-
mitted. m g the court, or, in the case of a court-martial
w hose finding or sentence does nnt require con
firm ation, th e officer com m anding a form ation n o t less than a brigade
in the case o f the arm y, a form ation prescribed as equivalent to not
less than a brigade (army) in the case o f the n avy or the air forcé,
w ithin w h ic h the trial w as held, or a n y prescribed offleer, m ay m ake
such order as it or he thinks fit fo r the disposal b y destruction, con
fiscation， d elivery to any person claim ing t o be entitled to possession
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74
tKereof, o r othenvise, o f a n y p rop erty o r docum ent produced b e fo re the
offence.
(2) W herp a n y order has been m ade xmder sub-section î) in respect
o f property regarding w hich an offence appears to have been co m
m itted, a cop y o f such order signed and certified b y the a u th o rity
m akin g the same m ay, whether the trial w as held w ith in the U n io n o f
Burm a or not, be sent to a m agistrate w ithin w h o se jurisdiction such
p roperty for the tim e being is situated, and such m agistrate shall there
upon cause the order to be carried into effect as i f it w a*e an order
passed b y him under the provisions o f the Code o f Crim inal Procedure,
Explanation.一 In this section the term 41 property M includes, in th e

case o f property regarding w h ich an offence appears to h a v e been
com m itted, not o n ly such property as has been o n g in a lly in th e posses
sion o r under th e control o f a n y person, but also a n y p ro p erty in to
o r fo r which the sam e m ay have been converted o r exchanged, and
anything acquired b y such conversion o r exchange w h eth er im m ed iately
o r otherwise.
1 5 6 . A n y trial b y a court-martial under the provisions o f th is A c t

shall be deemed to be a ju d id a l proceeding w ith
P o w eti o f court-
m artial m relation to in the m eaning o f sections 193 and 228 o f the
Proceedings tmder üûa Penal Code, and th e court-m artial shall b e deem ed
A ct.
to be a court w ith in the m eaning o f sections 480
and 482 o f the Code o f Crim inal Procedure.
CHAPTER XII.
C onfirmation and R e v is io n .
1 5 7 . No nnaing o r sentence o f a general, district o r sum m ary general

Finding and sen court-martial shall be valid e x cep t so fa r as it
tence not valid, unless m ay b e confirm ed as provided b y this A c t.
confirmed.
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75
158. The findings and sentences o f general courts-m artial m ay be

confirmed b y the President o r b y the Chief o f
P o w er to c o n fir m Staff, or b y a n y officer em powered in this behalf
genn en ；
1 c 〇u r t - m \ r a a l° ^ b y w arrant o f the President or o f the Chief o f
Staff.
159. The findings and sentences o f district courts-m artial may be

„ c confirmed b y a n y officer having p ow er to convene
■ finding and sentence of a general court-m artial, or b y a n y officer em-
îistrict court-martiaj. powered in this b eh alf b y w arrant o f such oflBccr.
160. A w a rra n t issued under section 158 or section 159 m ay con-

L im it a t io n O f p o w e r s ta insuch ^ strictio n s, reservations o r conditions
o f c o n fir m in g a u th o r- as the a u th o ri^ issuing it m ay think fit.
*ty. ， • ダ
1 6 1 . The findings and sentences o f sum m ary general courts-martial

m ay be confirm ed b y the convening officer or
P o w er to c o n fir m
f in d in g and s e n te n c e o f if he so directs, b y an authority superior to
su m m iiry gen eral him.
c o u r t - m a r t ia l.
1 6 2 . ( 1 ) Subject to such restriへdons, reservations or conditions as

m ay be contained in any w arrant issued under
P〇\ver 〇£ confiming section 158 or section 159 and to the provision
seni
o f sub-section (2), a confirm ing autHority may,
tenets • w hen confirm ing the sentence o f a court-martial,
m itigate or rem it the punishm ent thereby award
ed, or com m ute that punishment for any punishm ent or punishments
lo w er in the scale laid down in section 73.
*(2) A sentence o f transportation shall not be commuted for a

sentence o f im prisonm ent for a term exceeding the term o f transporta
tio n awarded b y th e court.
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76
163. W hen any person subject to this A ct is tried and sentenced

b y a courtninanial w h ile on board a ship, th e
Confirm ing of find- finding and sentence» so f a r as n o t confirm ed
mgs and sentences on and executed on board the ship, m a y be con-
P firmed and executed in like m anner as i f such
person had been tried at the port o f disembarkation.
164. (i) A n y finding or sentence of a court-martial w hich requires

confirmation m ay be once revised b y order o f
Revision o f finding or the confirming auth ority and on such revision,
s nence_ the court, i f so directed b y th e confirm ing
authority, m ay take additional evidence.
⑶ The court, on revision, shall consist o f the same officers as

w ere present when the original decision w as passed, unless an y o f
those officers are unavoidaMy absent.
(3), In case o f such unavoidable absence the cause thereof shall

be d u ly certified in the proceedings, and the court shall proceed w ith
the revision, provided that, if a general court-m artial, it still consists
o f five officers, or, if a sum mary general or district court-m artial, o f
three officers.
1 6 5 . (i) Save as otherwise expressly provided in sub-section (2),

the finding and sentence o f a sum m ary court-
F ind ing and sen martial, shall not require to be confirm ed, b u t
tence o f a summary
court-martial. m ay be carried ou t forthwitH.
(2) If the officer holding trial is o f less th an
five years1 commissioned service, he shall not, excep t on a ctive service,
carry into effect any sentence until it has received the approval o f an
officer commanding a form ation not less than a brigade in the case
o f the arm y, a form ation prescribed as equivalent to not less than a
brigade (army) in the case o f the n a vy o r the air force, o r a n y o th er
prescribed officer.
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77
166. T he proceedings o f every sum m ary court-m artial shall w ithout

d e la y be forw arded to th e officer com m anding a
T r a n s m is s io n of form ation not less than a brigade in the case o f
t h e a r m y or a form ation prescribed as equivalent
m a T v ^ o u r t - m a r t i a ï 111'
t o n o t less than a brigade (army) in th e case
o f the n a v y or air fo rce, w ithin w hich the trial w as held, o r to the
prescribed officer, and such officer, or the C h ief o f StaiF, o r a n y officer
em pow ered in this b e h a lf b y the C hief o f Staff, m ay, fo r reasons
based on the merits o f the case, but not on any m erely technical
grounds, set aside th e proceedings or reduce th e sentence to m y
other sentence w h ich th e court m ight have passed.
167. (i) W here a finding o f guilty b y a court-martial, w h ich has

been confirmed, o r w h ich does not require con-
A lte ra tio n o f fin d in g firm ation, is found fo r an y reason to be invalid
o r sentence in certain
cas 〇6.
o r can not be supported b y th e evidence, the
a u th o rity w hich w ould have had p o w er under
section 182 to com m u te th e punishment awarded b y th e sentence,
i f th e finding had been valid , m ay substitute a n ew finding and pass
a sentence fo r the o ffen ce specified or involved in such fin ding:
Provided that, no such substitution shall be m ade unless such finding

could have been v a lid ly m ade b y the court-m artial on the ch arge and
unless it appears th at th e court-martial must have been satisfied o f
the facts establishing th e said offence.
(2) W h ere a sentence passed b y a court-martial w hich has been
confirm ed, o r w hich does n o t require confirm ation, not being a sentence
passed in pursuance o f a n ew finding substituted under sub-section
(1), is fo u n d -fo r a n y reason to be invalid, the authority referred to in
sub-section (1), m ay pass a valid sentence.
(3) T h e punishm ent awarded b y a sentence passed under sub
section (1) o r sub-section (2) shall not be higher in the scale o f punishr
ments than, or in excess o f, the punishment awarded by, th e sentence
fo r which a n ew senten ce is substituted under this section.
^4) A n y finding substituted, or any sentence passed, under this

sectibo shall, for th e purposes o f this A c t and the rules made
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78
thereunder, have effect as if it w ere a finding o r sentence o f a

court-martial.
168. (i) A n y person subject to this A c t w h o considers him self

aggrieved b y a n y order passed b y an y court-
Rem edy against o r- martial m ay present a petition to the officer o r
w nce authority em pow ered to confirm any finding o r
ing authority m a y take such steps as m ay be considered necessary

to satisfy itself as to the correctness, legality or p ropriety o f the order
passed or as to the regularity or any proceeding to w h ich the order
relates.
(2) A n y person subject to this A r t w h o considers him self aggrieved

b y a finding t)r sentence o f any court-m artial, m ay present a petition
to the c.nj5rm ing officer or, in the case o f a sum m ary court-m artial,
the review in g au th o rity through the usual channels ; and the President,
th e C hief o f Staff o r th e next superior o伍cer in comm and to the qfficer
w h o confirmed the proceedings, o r in the case o f a sum m ary court-
m artial, the o 伍cer w h o reviewed the proceedings under section 166,
m a y pass such order thereon as he thinks fit.
169. The President, the Chief o f Staff or any prescribed o伍cer m ay

annul the proceedings o r set aside the conviction
A z m u lm e ir t ^ f p ro - 〇f any court-m artial on the ground that th e y
are illegal o r unjust.
CHAPTER XIII.
E x e c u t io n of Se n t e n c e s .
1 7 0 , In aw arding a sentence o f death a court-m artial shall, in its

discretion, direct that the offender shall suffer
〇 f V beinS hanged b y th e n eck until h e be
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79
1 7 1 * W henever a n y person is sentenced b y a courM nartial under

th is A c t to transportation o r im prisonm ent, the
C om m encem ent of term o f his sentence shall, w h eth er it has been
t^ T o fim p ^ ^ r n t' « v ise d or n ot, b e reckoned to com m ence on
the day on w h ich the original proceedings w e re
signed b y the presiding ofiBcer or, in th e case o f a sum m ary court-
m artial, b y the court.
172. W henever a n y sentence o f transportation is passed under

this A ct or w h eth er any sentence o f death
Execution o f sentence jg com m uted to transportation, the com m anding
officer o f th e person under sentence or such
other ofiBcer as m a y be prescribed shall forw ard a w arrant in the
prescribed form îo th e officer in ch arge o f the d v il prison in w h ic h
such person is t o b e confined and shall arrange fo r his despatch to
such prison w ith th e w a rra n t
173. (i) W henever any sentence o f im prisonm ent is passed under

this A a b y a court-martial or w hen ever a n y
Ex^ UVr^ sp 〇
n S i ^ Ce sentence 〇f death or transportation is com m uted
to im prisonm ent, the confirm ing officer o r in
the case o f a sum m ary court-martial th e officer holding the co u rt o r
such other officer as m ay be prescribed, shall, save as o th erw ise
provided in sub-sections (3) and (4), direct either th atf the sentence shall
b e carried out b y confinement in a m ilitary prison o r that it shall b e
carried ôut b y co n fin an en t in a d v il prison.
【2) W hen a direction has been m ade under su b je ctio n ⑴ the

commanding ofiBcer o f the person under sentence o r such other officer
as m ay be prescribed shall forw ard a w arrant in th e prescribed form
to the officer in charge o f the prison in w hich such person is to be
confined and shall arrange fo r his despatch to such prison w ith th e
warrant.
(3) In the case o f a sentence o f imprisonment n o t exceeding three

m onths and passed under this A c t b y a court-m artial, the appropriate
officer under sub-section (1) m ay direct that th e sentence shall be
carried out by^confinem ent in m ilitary custody instead 01 in a d v il or
m ilitary prison.
(4) On active s e r v ic e a sentence o f im prisonm ent m ay b e carried
o u t b y confinement in such place as tKe officer com m anding th e fo rces
in tlie field m ay from tim e to tim e appoint.
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80
174. W here a sentence o f transportation or im prisonm ent is directed

to b e undergone in a d v il prison th e offender
Tcm po^^ ^ r’ tody 〇f 咖ァレ k ep t in a n û litary prison or in m ilitary
custody o r in a n y other fit place, till such time
as it is possible to send him to a d v il prison.
175. W h en ever, in the opinion o f an officer commanding a

form ation n o t less than a brigade in the case o f
Execution of sentence the arm y, a form ation prescribed as equivalent
special Pcases. to not less than a brigade (army) in the case o f
the n a v y o r air force, or a n y prescribed officer,
a n y sentence o r portion o f a sentence o f im prisonm ent cannot fo r
special reasons, con ven ien tly b e carried ou t in a m ilitary prison or in
m ilitary custod y in accordance w ith îh e provisions o f section 173^ such
officer m ay d irect th at such sentence or portion o f sentence shall be
carried o u t b y confinem ent in a n y c iv il prison o r other fit^place.
1 7 6 * In e v e ry case in w h ich a sentence o f transp oru tion is passed

under this A ct, the offender, until he is transport-
to^transportation-How ^ sha^ be dealt w i t h in ^ same manner as i f
dealt with u n tilsentenced to rigorous imprisonment, and shall
tnnB- * be deemed to have been undergoing his sentence
o f transportation during th e term o f his imprisonment.
177. A person under sentence o f transportation or imprisonment

pri_ m a y during his conveyance from place to place
^ to b e subjected to such restraint as is necessary
plflCe- fo r his safe condu ct and rem oval.
178. W h en ever an order is d u ly m ade under this A c t setting aside

or va ryin g a n y senteiKe, order or warrant under
Communication of w h ich a n y person is confined in a d v il or m ilitary
son Officers. prison, a w arra n t in accordance w ith such order
shall b e forw ard ed b y the officer m aking the order
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81
m his stafiF officer or such other person as m a y be prescribed to th e

officer in charge o f the prison in w h ich such person is confined.
179. W h en a*sentence o f fine is im posed b y a court-m artial under

section 7 1 w hether the trial w as held w ith in th e
Executionôf sentence u njon 〇f Burm a o r not, a c o p y o f such sentence,
signed and certified b y • the confirm ing officer，
o r w h ere no confim ation is required, b y th e officer holding th e trial
m a y b e sent to a n y magistrate in the U nion o f Burma, and such m agis
trate shall thereupon cause the fine to be recovered in accordance w it li
d ie provisions o f the Code o f Crim inal Procedure fo r the le v y o f fin es
as i f i t w ere a sentence o f fine imposed b y such m agistrate.
ISO. The President m ay set apart any building or part o f a building

or a n y p lace in the U nion o f Burma, as a m ilxtar/
EctablU hm ent o f m ili
taryprisom .
prison fo r the confinem ent o f persons sentenced
to im prisonm ent under this A ct.
IQ }. W henever any person 15 sentenced to transportati(Hi o r

imprisonment under this A ct, and is tm dergoing
Inform ality or error i
the order or warrant the sentence in a n y place or m aim er in w h ic h
he m ight be confined under a la w fu l order o r
w arran t in pursuance o f this A ct, the confinem ent o f such person sh all
n o t be deemed to be illegal o n ly b y reason o f a n y in form ality o r e rro r
in o r as respects the order, w arrant o r other docum ent, o r the a u th o rity
b y w h ich , o r In pursuance w h ereo f such person w as brought into o r is
confined in an y such place, and a n y such order, w arrant o r docu m en t
m a y be amended accordingly.
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82
CH A PTE R X IV .
Pa r d o n s , R e m is s io n s an d Su s p e n s io n s .
182. W hen a n y person su b ject to this A c t has been convicted b y a

court-m artial o f a n y offence, th e President o r the
P a r d o n a n d r e m is s io n .
C h ie f o f Staff or, in the case o f a sentence
w h ic h he could h a v e confirm ed o r w h ich did not requ ire confirm ation,
th e oflBcer com m anding a fo rm atio n not less than th e brigade in th e
case o f the arm y, a form ation prescribed as equivalent to not less than
a brigade (army) in the case o f th e n a v y o r air fo rc e , in w hich such
person at the tim e o f co n victio n w a s serving, o r th e prescribed oflBcer
m ay,—
(a) either w it h o r w ith o u t conditions w h ich th e person sentenced

accepts, pardon th e person o r rem it the w h o le or any part
o f th e punishm ent a w a rd e d ; o r
(b) m itigate the punishm ent aw arded ; or
(c) com m ute such punishm ent fo r a n y less punishm ent or punish
m ents m entioned in th is A c t :
Provided th a t a sentence o f transportation shall n o t be com m uted

fo r a sentence o f im prisonm ent fo r a term exceeding th e
term o f transportation aw arded b y the co u rt ; o r
(d) either w ith or w ith o u t .conditions w h ich th e person sentenced

accepts, release th e person on parole.
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83
183. ( i) I f a n y condition on w h ich à person has been pardoned

o r released on parole o r a punishm ent has been
C a n c e lla tio n of remitted is , in the opinion o f th e auth ority
releaseôn parded〇
〇r granted the pardon, release or remission,
r e m is s io n . n o t fulfilled, such au th ority m ay cancel the
pardon, release o r remission, and thereupon the
sentence o f the co u rt shall be carried in to effect as if such pardon,
release o r remission had not been granted.
¢2) A person w h o se sentence o f transportation or imprisonment is

carried into effect under the provisions o f sub-section (i) shall under
g o o n ly the unexpired portion o f his sentence.
184. W hen under the provisions o f section 79 a w arrant officer

o r a non-commissioned officer is deemed to be
Reduction o f w a r - reduced to the ranksf such reduction shall, fo r
c o m m is s io n e d o ffice r, cne purpose o f section i 82, be treated as punish
m ent awarded b y a sentence o f a court-m artial.
1 8 5 . (1) W h ere a person subject to this A c t is sentenced b y a

court-m artial to transportation or im prisonm ent,
Suspension o f sen- the President, the C h ief o f Staff o r a n y officer
tence o f transportation - ,
o r im prisonm ent. empowered to con ven e a general o r a sum m ary
general court-martial m a y suspend the sentence
w hether o r not the offender has already been com m itted to prison o r
to m ilitary custody.
(2) The au th ority o r officer specified in sub-section (1) m ay in th e

case o f an offender whose sentence has been ordered to be so
suspended d ir e a th at, until the orders o f such authority o r officer
have been obtained the offender shall n o t b e committed to prison o r
to m ilitary custody.
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84
(3) T h e pow ers conferred b y su b je c tio n s (i) and (2) m ay be

exercised in the case o f a n y such sen ten ce w hich has been confirmed,
reduced o r com m uted.
186. "(i) W here the sentence referred to in section 185 is imposed

b y a court-m artial other than a sum m ary court-
O rd e rs p e n d in g su s- m artial, the confirm ing oflScer m ay, when
. confirm ing the sentence, direct that the ofEender
be not com m itted to prison or to m ilita ry custody until the orders
o f the authority or 0 伍cer specified in section 185 h ave been obtained.
(2) W here a sentence o f im prisonm ent is imposed b y a sum m ary

court-m artial, the officer holding the trial or the officer authorized to
approve o f the sentence under sub-section (2) of section .165 m ay make
the direction referred to in sub-section (1).
187, W here a sentence is suspended under section 18^, the offender

shall fo rth w ith b e released from custod y.
R e le ase on su sp en sio n ,
188. A n y period during w h ich th e sentence is under suspension

_ • „ , , shall be reckoned as part o f the term o f such
Com putation o f period
of su sp en sio n . sentence.
189. The authority or officer specified in section 185 m ay, at any

tim e w hile a senten ce is suspended, order—
O d e r after su sp en sio n ,
(a) that the ofEender be com m itted to undergo the unexpired

portion o f the sentence, o r
( i) that the sentence be rem itted.

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85
190. (i) Where a sentence has been suspended, the case may at
any time, and shall at intervals of not more
R e c o n s id e r a tio n o f case than four months, be reconsidered by the
after suspension. , • か . . . _
authority or officer specified in section i 8jj, or
by any general or other officer not bdow the rank of a field o伍 cer
duly authorized by the authority or ofiBcer specified in section 185.
⑶ W h ere on such reconsideration by the officer so authorized it

appears to him that the conduct ôf the offender since his conviction
has been sudi as to justify a remission of the sentence, he shall refer
the matter to the auÂority or officer specified in section 18^.
191. Where an offender, while a sentence on him is suspended

Fresh 咖 _ »after 1す1灯她 Act, is sentenced for any other
fa) if the Jurther sentence is also suspended undo: this Act, the
two sentences shall run concurreitly ;
(b) if the further sentence is for a ggriod ç£ tiuree ^months or

m < ^ and is not suspended under this Act» the offender
shaH also be committed to prison or m ilitîy^ custody for
the imexpired portion of the previous sentence, but both
sentences shall run concurrently; and
(c) if the further sentence is for a period of less than three

months and is not suspended under this Act, the offender
shall be so committed on that smtence ooly$ and the
previous sentence shall, subject î 〇any order which may
be passed under section 189 or séçtic» 190, continue to be
suspended.
192. The powers conferred by sections 185 and 189 shall be in

Scope O f pow er 〇
£ addition to and nctf in derogation of the power
susp en sion . 〇f mitigation, remission and commutation,,
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86
193, ( i) W h e re in addition to a n y o th er sentence the punlsîim ent

o f dismissal or cashiering has been awarded b y a
Effect suspension court-m artial, and such oth er sentence is suspend-
m fs s a i^ r c T s h S r S ； ed under section 185, then, such dismissal or
cashiering shall n o t ta k e effect until so ordered
b y the authority or officer specified in section 185.
(2 ) If such other sentence is rem itted under section 18 9 ^ the

punishment of dismisal or cashiering shall also be remitted.
CH APTER X V .
S p e c i a l Pr o v i s i o n s in R e l a t io n to Sh i p s .
194, E very m aster or other officer in com m and o f any m erchant

o r o th er vessel under th e c o n v o y o f a n y ship
M aster o f merchant o f th e U nion G overn m en t in comm ission shall
co n v o V in g ^ œ t? ^ 〇 f
obey ^ com m anding officer thereof in all
m atters relating to the navigation o r security
o f the c o n v o y ; and 6hall ta k e such p recautions fo r avoiding the
enem y as m ay be directed b y such com m anding officer, and if he fails
to o b ey such directions, su ch com m anding officer m ay com pel
obedience b y fo rce o f arms w ith o u t being liable fo r any loss o f life
o r property that m ay result fro m his using such force.
195, A ll other persons ordered to b e received o r being passengers

on board a n y o f th e ships o f the Union Govern-
° ked 〇ce^t〇
as ns embar'
passengers. m ent ships
r in com m ission . shall be deemed to
be persons su b ject to this A c t, under such
regulations as the President m a y from tim e to tim e direct.
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87
196. W ith respect to vessels in naval service in time o f w ar, w hether

belonging to the U nion G overnm ent o r not,
Provisions respect w h ich are n o t w h o lly manned b y naval ratings,
in g d iscip lin e in ships but being eith er armed or under the com m and
i n naval service in tim e
o f war. o f an officer in naval service, the follow in g
provisions shall take effect if in any case the
President thinks fit so to direct, and w here such direction is given the
sam e shall be specified in the ship's articles ;一
(a) E very person borne on th e books o f a n ÿ such vessels shall

be subject to this A c t.
(ft) A n y offence com m itted b y any such person shall be tried

and punished b y a court-m artial as the like offence m ight
be tried and punished i f com m itted b y a n y person subject
to this A ct.
(c) Every such offender w h o is to be tried b y court-martial

shall be placed ,under all necessary restraint u n tit he can be
tried b y court-m artial.
(d) The officer com m anding every such vessel shall have th e
same p ow er in respect o f all other persons borne on th e
books thereof o f f o r th e tim e being on board the sam e,
as th e officer com m anding one o f the ships o f the U nion
G overnm ent in com m ission has fo r the tim e being in respect
o f th e officers and c re w thereof or other persons on board
the sam e:
Provided th at in the absence o f the officer commanding such

vessels, the officer com m anding the ship o r vessel or station
in w h ic h such person m a y fo r the tim e being be held in
custody shall h ave such p ow er as aforesaid.
(e) The C h ie f o f Staff and the officer com m anding the naval
com m and shall h ave th e sam e pow ers o ver the officers and
crew o f e very such vtsséls as th ey have fo r the time b ein g
over th e officers and c re w o f a n y o f the ships o f the U nion
C eyem m en t in commissicm.
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88
V91 n (i) W hen a n y one of the ships o f the Union G overnm ent
in commission is w recked, lost, destroyed, or
P r o v is io n s in conse- taken b y the enem y, such ships shall, fo r the
quence of w reck , lo s s , purposes of this A ct, be deemed to rem ain in
of s h ip s . commission until th e crew shall be regularly
rem oved into some other ships o f w a r of the
Union Governm ent, o r until a court of en q u iiy shall h ave been held,
pursuant t o the custom o f the n avy in such cases, to inquire into the
cause o f the w reck, loss, destruction, or capture of the said ship.
(2) W h en no specific charge is made against any oflScer o r seaman

o r other person in the fleet for or in respect o r in consequence o f such
w reck , loss, destruction, o r capture, it shall be law ful to t r y all the
officers and crew , o r all the surviving officers and crew o f a n y su ch l
sbip together, before one and the sam e court, and to call upon all
or a n y o f them w h en upon their trial to give evidence bn oath or
affirm ation before th e court touching a n y o f the metters then under
inquiry, b u t no officer o r seaman o r other person shall be obliged to
give a n y evidence w h ich m ay tend to crim inate himself.
(3) W h en deemed necessary b y the President o r a n y officer

authorized to order courts-martial separate courts-martial shall be
held f o r th e trial o f som e one or m ore o f such oflScers and crew fo r o r
in respect o r in consequence of the w reck , loss, destruction, o r capture
o f a n y such ship.
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89
(4) For any offence com m itted b y a n y officer o r seaman after th e

w reck , loss, destruction, or capture o f a n y such ship^ a separate court-
m artial shall be held fo r the* trial o f such offender.
(5) If* the ship o f any officer ordered to com m and any tw o o r m ore
ships o f the U nion G overnm ent in com m ission is w recked, lost, or
otherw ise destroyed, such officer shall continue in the com m and o f
a n y ship or ships w h ich at the tim e o f his ship being w recked, lost,
o r destroyed w as or w ere under his com m and, and it shall b e la w fu l
fo r such officer to order the surviving officers and c re w o f th e w recked ,
lost, or destroyed ships to join a n y o th er ship under his com m and,
o r to distribute them among the o th er ships under his com m and, if
m ore than one, and such officer shall, u n til he m eets w ith som e other
officer senior to him self, have the sam e p ow er and authority in all
respects as if his ship had not been w reck ed , lost, o r destroyed.
CHAFTER X V I.
Property of D eceased Person s , D e ser ter s and Lunatics .
1 W . (i) On the death o r desertion o f an y person subject t o this

A ct, not being an officer, the com m anding
officer o f the corp s, departm ent, • detachm ent,
Property of decea
sed persons and deser ship or unit to w h ic h the deceased o r deserter
ters other than officers. belonged, shall, as soon as m ay be and su bject
t o an y rules th at m a y be m ade in this b eh alf—
Çq) secure all the m ovable property belonging to the deceased o r

deserter that is in cam p o r .quarters, and cause an in ven to ry
thereof to b e made.
(6) draw the pay and allow ances due t o such person.
(c) m ake due provision fo r the p a ym en t o f regim ental and oth er
debts in cam p o r quarters, i f a ny, o f such person.
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90
(2) In th e case o f a deceased person, the comm anding officer,—
(a) if in a n y case n o t otherw ise provided fo r b y rules m ade

under this A c t it appears to him to be necessary to m ake
provision fo r th e p aym ent o f regimental and other debts
in cam p o r quarters, the funeral expenses o f the deceased
and th e expenses, i f a n y , incuned b y the commanding,
officer in respect o f the estate o f the deceased, shall and
(b) in a n y other case, m ay,
collect all m oneys le ft b y th e deceased in any banking com pany (includ

ing a n y post office sayings bank, co-operative bank or society or any
other institution receivin g deposits in m oney how ever name4) and fa r
th a t purpose m ay require the agent, manager or other proper officer
o f such banking co m p an y, so ciety or othdr institution to p a y th e m oneys
to the com m anding officer fo rth w ith , notwithstanding anything in the.
rules o f the banking com p any, so ciety or other institution, and such
agent, m anager o r other officer shall be bound to com p ly w ith the
requisition.
(3) W h e re a n y m o n ey has been paid b y a banking company^
s o d e ty o r o th er institution in com pliance with a requisition .made im der
sub-section (2) n o person shall h ave an y claim against the banking
com pany, so ciety o r o th er institution in respect o f such m oney.
(4) W here the representative o f a deceased has given secu rity to

the satisfaction o f th e com m anding officer for the paym ent o f the
regim ental and other debts in cam p o r quarters, if any, and o f th e
funeral expenses o f th e deceased in cases where n o provision fo r th e
paym en t o f such expenses has been m ade otherwise and erf the expenses,
i f a n y , incurred b y th e com m anding, officer in respect o f the estate
o f th e deceased, th e com m anding ofBcer shall deliver over th e p roperty
received b y him under sub-sections (x) and (2) to that rep resentative
w hereupon his responsibility fo r the administration o f the estate o f th e
deceased shall cease.
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91
(5) In the case o f a deceased w hose estate has not been dealt w ith
under su b jectio n (4), or under section 205, and in the case o f a
deserter, the com m anding officer—
(i) if in his opinion it is necessary so to do fo r the purpose o f
securing the paym ent o f the regim ental and other debts
in cam p or quarters o f the deceased o r deserter, the funeral
expenses o f the deceased, i f any, and th e expenses, if any,
incurred b y the com m anding officer in respect o f the
estate o f the deceased o r deserter, shall and
(ii) in any other case, m ay, cause the m ovable property o f the
deceased o r deserter, as the case m a y be, to be sold or
converted into m oney.
(6) The com m anding officer shall, out o f the m oneys received,
collected or realized under sub-sections (1), (2) and (5), pay the regim en
ta l and other debts in cam p o r quarters, i f a n y , o ff the deceased or
deserter, as the case m ay t e e t h e expenses, i f a n y , incurred b y the
com m anding officer in respect o f th e estate o f th e :deGcased or deserter,
and in the case o f a deceased his funeral expenses th cases w h ere no
Drovision fo r the paym ent o f such expenses has been otherw ise.
(7) The surplus, i f any, after paynient o f th t debts! and expenses

specified in sub^section (6), ÆalJ—
(a) in th e case , o f a êcâ^d, be p aid to h is représentative, if

any, o r in the eyent o f no ctehn tô s\ich surplus being
established w ithin tw e lv e imoftths a fte r th e death, to the
prescribed p erso n ；and
(b) in the case of a deserter, be forth^vith p aid to the prescribed

person, and sbaU, on th e e x o irv o f th ree years from the
date o f desertion, b e fo rfeited t o th e Governm ent, unless
the deserter .shall h a v e suirendered o r been apprehended
in th e m eantim e :
Provided that the prescribed person m ay, i f the deserter has not
surrendered o r been apprehended in the m eantim e, p ay the w h o le
e°
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92
o r a n y part o f the surplus received b y him under clause (6) to the

w if e or children or an y other dependant o f the deserter a t a n y time
during the said period o f three years.
199 . The provisions o f section 198 shall, subject to the follow in g

P roperty o f officers m odifications, also apply to the disposal o f
w ho die or desert. the property o f a n y officer w h o dies o r deserts:
(a) The functions o f the com m anding officer under section 19S
shall be perform ed b y a Com m ittee of A djustm ent consti
tu ted in this behalf in the prescribed m anner;
(b) T he surplus, i f any, after p aym en t o f the debts and expenses

specified in sub-section (6) o f section 198, shall in th e case
o f a deceased oflBcer, b e p aid to the prescribed person.
D. If in an y ca se a doubt o r difference arises as to w h a t are the

regim ental and other debts in cam p o r quarters
D e cisio n 〇£ ques o f a deceased 0 伍cer or deserter o r as to the
tio n s as to regimental am ount p ayable in 一respect thereof, th e decision
and other debts in
camp or quarters. o f the prescribed person shall be final and shall
b e binding on all persons fo r all purposes.
20 1.For the purpose o f the exercise o f his or its duties under

section 198 o r section 199, the com m anding
Representative p 〇- officer o r the Com m ittee, as the case m ay be,
officer or C o m m itt^ shall, to th e exclu sion o f all other persons and
authorities w hom soever or w hatsoever, have the
sam e rights and pow ers as i f he o r it had taken out representation
to thejestate o f th e deceased, and a n y receipt given b y the com m anding
officer or th e Com m ittee, as th e case m ay be, shall h av e effect
accordingly.
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93
202. (i) Notwithstanding anything contained in th e A dm inistrator-

GeneraFs A ct, the Adm inistrator-G eneral shall
Power of the P resi not interpose in a n y m anner in relatio n to any
dent to hand over estate
of deceased person to property o f a deceased w h ich has been dealt
the Adm inistrator- w ith under the provisions o f section 198 or
General.
section 199, except in so far as he is expressly
required or permitted to do so b y or under the provisions o f this A ct.
(2) The President m ay, at an y time and in such circum stances as

he thinks fit, direct that the estate of a deceased shall be handed over
by the com m anding officer o r the C om m ittee, as th e case m ay be,
to the Administrator-General fo r adm inistration, and thereupon the
commanding officer or the Com m ittee, as the case m a y be, shall m ake
over the estate to the Adm inistrator-General.
(3) W here under this section any estate is handed o ver to the
Administrator-General, the Adm inistrator-General shall adm inister
such estate in accordance w ith the provisions o f the Adm inistrator-
GeneraVs A c t:
Provided that the regimental and other debts in cam p o r quarters
of th e deceased, if any, shall be paid b y the Adm inistrator-General
in priority to a n y other debts due b y the deceased.
(4) The Adm inistrator-General shall p a y the surplus, if any,

remaining in his hands after discharging all debts and charges, to the
heirs o f the deceased, and, i f no heir is traceable, shall m ake over
the surplus in th e prescribed manner to the prescribed person.
(5) The Adm inistrator-General shall n o t charge in r e s p e a o f his

duties under this section an y fee exceeding three per cen t o f the gross
amount com ing to or remaining in his hands after p aym en t erf the
regimental and other debts in cam p o r quarters.
203. On receipt o f the surplus referred to in sub-section (7) o f

section 198 or clause (b) o f section 199 or sub-
Dp ^ c ar!b£dIpT«U〇n«by (4) o f sectio n '20 2, the prescribed person
(a) if he know s o f a representative o f the deceased, p ay the

surplus to that representative;
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94
(fc) i f he does not k n o w o f a n y such representative and the surplus

has n o t been disposed o f under section 205, publish every
y e a r a notice in the prescribed form and manner fo r six
co n secu tive years and i f no claim to the surplus is made
b y a representative o f the deceased within six months
a fte r the publication o f th e last o f such notices, the
prescribed person shall deposit the surplus together w ith
a n y incom e o r accum ulation o f incom e accrued therefrom
t o th e credit o f the G overnm ent :
Provided th a t such deposit shall not bar the claim o f a n y person

to such surplus or any part thereof, if he is otherwise entitled to it.
204. W h e r e a n y part o f th e estate o f a deceased person consists

o f effects, securities or other property not
Dlsp<^ 〇t m<meyeffeCtS， m o n ey, the provisions o f sub
section (7) o f section 198, clause (b) o f section
199 and cla u se (b) o f section 203, w ith respect to the paym ent o f the
surplus shall, save as m a y be prescribed, extend to the delivery,
transm ission o r transfer o f such effects, seoxrities or property, and the
prescribed person shall have the same p o w er o f converting the same
into m on ey as a representative o f the deceased.
205. P roperty deliverable and m oney p ayable to the representative

o f a deceased under section 198 or section 199
D isposal 〇f certain o r section 2 〇j m a y , if the total am ount or
valu e does n o t exceed five tboüsand
etc. k y a ts and if the prescribed person thinks fit, be
delivered o r paid to a n y person appearing to
him to b e en titled to receive it or to adm inister the estate of the deceased
w ith o u t requ irin g such person to produce a n y probate, letters o f
09
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95
adm inistration, succession certificate or other such conclusive evidence

o f title.
206. A n y p aym ent o r application o f money or application, delivery,

sale or other disposition o f any property made*
Dischai^ge of o r purported to be made, b y the com m anding
com m anding officer ， officer, the Com m ittee or the prescribed person
C om m ittee, p rescribad
person and the P resi
in good faith in pursuance o f section 198, section
dent. 199, section 203, section 204 or section 205 shall
be va lid and shall be a füH discharge to th e
com m anding ofiBcer, th e Com m ittee o r the prescribed person, as the
case m a y be, and to the President from all further lia b ility in respect
o f th at m o n ey or p r o p e r ty ; but nothing herein contained shall affect
th e right o f a n y ex ecu to r or administrator or other representative, or
o f a n y cred itor o f th e deceased against any person to w h o m such
p aym ent o r d e liv e iy has been made.
A n y p ro p erty com in g into the hands of the comm anding 0伍cer

o r the Com m ittee o r the prescribed person under
Property in the section 198, section 199 o r sub-section (4) o f
hands o f coiimmanding
Com m ittee o r section 202 shall not, b y reason thereof, be
prescribed person not deem ed to be assets or effects at the place in
to be assets where, com
m anding officer, Com> w h ich that commanding officer o r the Com m ittee
m ittee o r prescribed o r th e prescribed person is stationed, and it shall
person is stationed.
n o t be necessary b y reason thereof that represen
tatio n be taken o u t in respect o f th at property fo r that place.
2 0 8 . A fte r the com m anding officer, or the Com m ittee has paid to
the prescribed person the surplus o f th e property
& vu ig of ^riîts o f a n y deceased under sub-section (7) o f section
198 o r clause (b) o f section 199, a n y represen
ta tiv e o f the deceased o r the Administrator-General, shall, as regards
a n y p r o p « t y a t th e deceased not collected b y the com m anding officer
o r the C om m ittee as th e case m a y be, and not form ing p art o f th e
eD
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96
Iaforesaid surplus, h ave th e same rights and duties as i f sections 19S

)#nd 199 had not been enacted.
2 0 9 . The provisions o f sections 198 to 208 shall, so fa r as th e y can

b e made applicable, also a p p ly in the case o f
a person su bject to this A c t, w h o , notw ithstand
app licatio n of sec-
198 to 208 to per- ing anything contained in the L u n acy A a , is
' $00» of-unsound m ind ascertained in the prescribed m anner to b e o f
: or, to persons reported
f a U s tic g on active unsound mind, or w ho, w h ile on a ctive service,
Mrvtoe* is officially rep orted missing, as i f he had died
on the d ay on w hich his unsoundness o f m ind
||$ so ascertained or, as the case m a y be, on the d a y on w h ich he is
l A d a l l y reported m issing:
Provided that in the case o f a person so reported missings no action

^tiall be taken under sub-spetions (2) to (6) o f section 198 or section
1 ^ o r section 202 until such tim e as he is officially presum ed to be
dead.
2 1 0 ^ W hen an officer dies or deserts or is ascertained k i the pres*

cribed m anner to be o f unsound m ind o r w h ile
^pointment of on active service is officially reported missing,
U jÈ S S ir S S to ^ T eren ces foregoing provisions of this
ewet. Chapter to th e Com m ittee shall be construed as
references to the Standing C om m ittee o f Adjust-
供u t* if any, constituted in this behatf in the prescribed m arn er and
snch Standing Committee shall alone be entitled to p erform all the
functions n f the Q>mmittee under th is Chapter.
CHAPTER XVII.
A ppeals *.
H I . (1) T h m shaU b e a Court-M artial A p peal C o u rt w h ereo f the
!Contt-Miriifil Apped ^1) Such o f t h e Judges o f the H igh C ourt as the

^ ourL C bief Justice i i th e U n io n m a y from tim e
to tim e BoitilBate fo r th e p u rp o se ；
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97
(6) such o f the officers not b elo w the rank o f Lieutenant-Colonel

o f the D efen ce Services as the Chief Justice o f th e Union
m a y from tim e to tim e nom inate fo r the p u rp o se; and
(c> such other persons, being persons o f legal experience and not
in the G overnm ent Service, as the .Q iief Justice o f the
U nion m a y a p p o in t
(2) T here m ay be p aid to the persons appointed under clause (c) o f
s u b je c tio n (1) to be judges o f the Courts-Martial Appeal C ourt such
rem uneration and such travelling and subsistence allow ances, as the
President m a y determ ine.
(3) T here shall be a Registrar o f the Courts-Martial A p peal Court
to b e appointed b y the C h ief Justice o f the Union, w ith tk e approval
o f the President/ and the C h ief Justice o f the Union m ay ap point such
o th er ofiScers and staff o f the Courts-Martial Appeal Court as he m ay,
w ith the approval o f th e President as to num bers, determine.
2 1 2 . (1) F or the purpose oT hearing and determ ining appeals

under this Chapter, or a n y m atter prelim inary
Supplem entary pxx>- o r incidental to an appeal, the Courts-M artial
v is io n t reU tk ig to the
C o urts-M artial Appeal A ppeal Court shall be summoned in accordance
C ourt. w ith the directions given b y the C h ie f Justice
o f the Union, and shall be deemed to b e d u ly
constituted i f it consists o f-
(a) an uneven num ber o f judges, n o t being less than th r e e ; and
(b) (subject as h ereinafter provided in this Chapter) a t least one

judge from the num ber o f judges mentioned in clause (a)
and one ju d ge from the num ber o f judges m entioned in
clause (b y 〇t sub-section (1) o f section 2 11,
(2) The Courts-M artial A ppeal G>urt shall sit in such p la ce as the
C h ie f Justice o f the U n ion shall direct, w hether w ithin o r outside the
U nion o f Burm a.
(3) T he determ ination o f a n y question before the Courts-M artial
A p peal C ou rt shall be according to the opinion o f the m ajo rity o f the
judges o f th e Court hearing the case,
(4) T h e Courts-M artial A ppeal C ourt shall be a superior C ou rt o f

reco rd and shall, fo r th e purposes o f and subject to the provisions
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under this Chapter, have full p ow er to determine, in accord an ce w ith

the provisions o f this Chapter, a n y question necessary to b e determ ined
for the purpose o f doing justice in an y case before th e Courts-M artial
Appeâl Court.
(5) A n y directions w h ich m ay be given under this section b y the
Chie^ Justice o f the Union shall, in the even t o f a v a c a n c y in his 0伍ce
or if b y reason o f absence o r fo r a n y other reason h e is unable to
perform the duties o f his office, b e given b y tfie n e x t sen io r Judge o f
the Supreme C ourt,
213. (1) Subject to the fo llo w in g provisions o f this Chapter, a

person con victed b y a court-martiaJ m a y appeal
Ri|^C〇
^t-nutftialfr〇 m to Courts-M artial Appeal C o u rt against his
conviction.
(2) Except in the case o f a conviction involving sentence o f death,

the right conferrçd b y sub-section (1) on a person co n victed b y a court-
martial shall not b e exercisable—
(a) unless, w ithiiv such period as m a y be prescribed, he presents
to the appropriate au th ority a petition in pursuance o f
sub-section (2) o f section 168 praying th at his co n victio n be
set a sid e; and
(b) u n u l either the prescribed period beginning w ith the day on
w h ic h the petition is presented "expires, o r h e is notified
b y that auth ority o f the order, passed on th e petition and
dissatisfied therew ith, w h ich ever event .first occu rs.
f i ) Rules o f Courts-M artial A p peal C ou rt m ay * p ro vid e that, in

such circum stances as m a y b e specified in the rules, a n y such petition
够 is m entioned in su b * se c tio ii(2)* w h ich is presented to such person
as m ay be specified in the rules, shall be treated, fo r th e purposes o f
that sulvsecrion, as h aving been presented to the appropriate auth ority.
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99
2 1 4 . (i) T h e m em orandum o f ap peal to the Courts-Martial Appeal

C ou rt shall b e lodged w ith the Registrar w ithin
Presentation of memo- the prescribed period.
111 • (2) Rules o f Courts-Martial Appeal Court m ay
provide that, in such circum stances as m ay be specified in the rules,
any such m em orandum o f appeal as aforesaid w h ich is lodged w ith
such person (other than the Registrar) as is specified in the rules shall
be treated, fo r th e purposes o f sub-section (i), as having been lodged
w ith the R egistrar.
(3) W h e re a m em orandum o f appeal to the Courts-Martial Appeal
C ourt is lodged w ith a person o th er than the Registrar in accordance
w ith the Rules o f Courts-Martial A p p ea l Court having efiFect b y virtue
o f sub-section (2), it shall be the d u ty o f that person to forward such
m em orandum o f appeal to the R egistrar w ith as m uch expedition as
practicable.
2 1 5 . (i> Su bject to the provisions o f section 216, on an appeal

under this C h a p ter the Courts-Martial Appeal
Determination of Court shall a llo w the appeal if they think that
^Sses. in ° y
the finding o f th e court-martial cannot be support
ed having regard to the evidence or involves a
w ron g decision o f a question o f la w o r that, on. aQy ground, there
w as a m iscarriage o f justice, and in a n y other case shall dismiss the
ap p ea l:
Provided th at the Courts-M artial A ppeal Court m ay, notwithstand

ing that th e y are o f the opinion th a t the point raised in the appeal
m ight be decided in fav o u r o f the appellant, dismiss th e appeal if th e y
consider that no substantial m iscarriage o f justice has actually occurred.
(2) If th e Courts-M artial A ppeal C o u rt allow an appeal under this

Chapter th e y shall set aside the con viction .
2 1 6 * (1) If it appears to the Courts-M artial A ppeal Court that an

appellant, th ou gh not properly convicted on some
Poweiム the charge preferred against him before the court-
peal C o u rt. Ap-
m artial b y w h ic h he w as tried, was properly
convicted on som e other charge so preferred,
then, if the sentence passed b y th e court-m artial on the appellant w as
not w arranted b y this A c t fo r the offen ce of w hich he was convicted
on the o th er charge, the Coiirts^Martia 】 Appeal Cotirt shall
pass on the appellant, in substitution for the sentence passed
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100
on him by the court-martial, such sentence so w arranted as th ey

th in k proper.
(2) W here an appellant has been convicted o f an offence and th e

court-martial by w h ich he w as tried could law fu lly have found him
g u ilty o f some other offence, and it appears to the Courts-M artial
Appeal Court that the court-martial m ust have been satisfied o f fa c ts
w hich proved him g u ilty o f that other offence, the C ourt may* in stead
o f allowing or dismissing th e appeal, substitute fo r th e finding o f th e
court-martial a finding o f g u ilty o f the other offence and pass on th e
appellant, in substitution fo r the sentence passed on him b y the court-
m artial, such sentence as th e y th ink proper, being a sentence w arran ted
b y this A ct for that other offence but not being a sentence o f greater
severity.
(3) Where 一
(a) an appellant has been convicted o f an offence under circu m

stances involving the higher o f tw o degrees o f punishm ent,
and it appears to the Courts-Martial A ppeal Court th a t th e
court-martial b y w h ich h e w a s tried o u gh t to h ave fo u n d
him g u ilty o f the offence as being com m itted under c ir
cumstances involving the lo w e r degree o f punishm ent ; o r
(b) an appellant has been convicted o f an offence and it appears

to the Courts-M artial A ppeal Court that tû e court*m artial
b y w hich he w as tried o u gh t to have found him g u ilty
o f flic offence subject to eacceîons or v a riatio n s ；
the Conns-Martial A ppeal Court m ay instead o f a llow iiig or dism issing

the appeal, substitute fo r the finding o f the court-m artial a finding o f
g u ilty o f the offence as being com m itted under circum stances in vo lvin g
tiie low er degree o f punishm ent or, as tîe case m ay be, g u ilty o f th e
ofiFence subject to exceptions or variations and pass on the appellant,
in substitution fo r the sentence passed on him b y the court-m artial,
such sentence as th ey think proper, being a sentence w arranted b y
this A ct for the offence specified o r involved in the substituted finding,
b u t not being a sentence o f greater severity.
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101
(4) If, on appeal, it appears to the C o u rt-m a rtia l Appeal Court

th a t, although the appellant w as g u ilty o f th e a ct o r omission charged
against him, he w as insane at the tim e the act w as done or the omission
made so as not to be responsible according to la w fo r his actions, the
Courts-M artial A p p ea l C ou rt m ay set aside th é sentence passed at
the trial and order the appellant to be kep t in custody in like manner
as o n a special finding o f insanity b y th e court-m artial b y w h ich the
appellant w as con victed .
(5) The term o f a n y sentence passed b y th e Courts-Martial Appeal

C ourt under any o f the foregoing provisions o f this section sh all
unless the Courts-M artial A p p e d C o u rt o th erw ise direct, begin to run
from the time from w h ich it w ould have begun to run if it had been
passed in the proceedings from w h ic h th e appeal is brought, and
a sentence passed b y the Courts-M artial A p p eal Court as aforesaid
shall be deemed to be a sentence passed b y th e court-martial.
2 1 7 . If, in the case o f an appeal under the provisions o f this chapter

th e A ttorney-General, upon an application in
D ecision o f thethat behalf m ade to him w ithin a period o f four
C ourts-M artial Appeal teen days from the date w hen the decisiori of
C ourt to be final
subject to appeal to th e Courts-M artial A ppeal Court w as given,
Supreme Court. grants a certificate th at th e decision o f the Court
involves a point o f la w o f exceptional public
im portance and th a t it is desirable in th e p u b lic interest that a further
appeal should be b ro u g h t, an appeal to th e Suprem e Court from the
decision o f the Courts-M artial A ppeal C o u rt shall lie at the instance
o f the person to w h o m the certificate is g ra n te d ; but subject to the
foregoing provisions o f this section the determ ination b y the Courts-
M artial Appeal C o u rt o f any appeal o r other m atter w hich th e y have
p o w er to determ ine shall, notw ithstanding anything contained in
section 6 of th e U n io n Judiciary A c t, 1948, b e final, and no appeal
shall lie from the Courts-M artial A p p eal C o u rt to a n y other court.
W h ere the Courts-M artial A ppeal C ou rt h ave allowed an appeal

and, im m ediately a fter th e decision o f tHe Courts-Martial Appeal
C ourt has been given , notice is given to th e Courts-Martial Appeal
C ou rt o f the in ten tion to ap p ly to the A ttorney-General for such a
certificate as aforesaid, th e Courts-M artial A p peal Court m ay make
an order providing fo r thé detention o f the accused or directing that
he shall n o t b e released until either the Attorney-G eneral has refused
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102
to grant the certificate or a decision on. the appeal has been given b y
the Supreme Court or the appeal has been abandoned, as th e case m ay
be.
2 X8 . (i) For the purpose o f this Chapter th e Courts-Martial A ppeal

。 t Court m ay, if th ey think it necessary or expedient
S upp le me nt ar y P° - • ビ • ； / • ••
wers of the C ou rt s- in the interest o f justice—
Martial Ap p e al Court,
(a) order the production o f an y docum ent, exhibit or other thing

connected w ith the proceedings th e production o f w hich
appears to them necessary fo r the determination o f the
case ;
(b) order the taking of such steps as are requisite to obtain from
a n y member o f the court-m artial b y w hich th e appellant
w as tried or the person w h o officiated as Judê-Advocate
at the trial a report giving his opinion upon the case o r
upon a point arising therein o r containing a statem ent as
to any facts w h ereo f the ascertainm ent appears to the
Courts-Martial Appeal Court to b e m aterial fo r the purpose
o f the determination o f the case;
(c) order any witnesses w h o w ould h ave been com pellable w it
nesses at the trial to attend and be examined before th e
Courts-Martial Appeal Court, w h eth er they w ere or w ere
not called at the trial, o r order th e exam ination o f an y
such witnesses to be conducted in the prescribed manner
before any judge o f the Courts-M artial A ppeal Courts o r
before any other person appointed b y the Couits-M artial
Appeal Court fo r that purpose, and allow th e depositions
so taken as evidence before the Courts-M artial A p p eal Court.
(d) receive the evidence, i f tendered, o f a n y witnesses {including

th e appellant) w h o is a com pefent b u t n o t com pellable
w itn e ss；.
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103
(e) w here a n y question arising on the appeal involves prolonged

exam ination o f documents or accounts, or a n y scientific
or local investigation w hich cannot in the opinion o f the
Courts-Martial Appeal C ourt conveniently be conducted be
fore such Court, order the reference of the question in the
prescribed manner fo r inquiry and report to a special com
m issioner appointed b y such Court, and act upon th e report
o f such commissioner so far as th e y think fit to adopt it ;
and
(f) appoint any person w ith special* exp ert know ledge to act as
assessor to the Courts-Martial A ppeal Court in a n y case
w here it appears to such Court that such special know ledge
is required fo r the proper determ ination of th e case ;
and may issue w arrants necessary for enforcing the orders o r sentence
o f such C o u rt:
Provided that the Courts-Martial Appeal C ourt shall n o t m ake an

order under clause (b) o f this sub-section for th e purpose o f obtaining a
report from a m em ber o f a court-martial other than th e presiding
officer thereof unless th ey also m ake such an order for the purpose o f
obtaining a report from the presiding officer o r are satisfied th at the
obtaining o f a report from him is im practicable or >vould in volve
undue delay.
(2) Travelling and subsistence allowances, as m ay b e prescribed
b y the Rules o f Courts-M artiar Appeal Court, m a y be paid to—
(g) a w itness attending before the Courts-Martial A p p eal C ourt

in obedience to an order under clause (c) o f sub-section (i)
o r exam ined in pursuance of such an order b efo re any
such person as is mentioned in that clause;
(b) a special comm issioner to whqm a question is referred under
clause (e) of that sub-section for inquiry and rep o rt ; and
(c) a person appointed under clause (f) o f that sub-section to act

as assessor to th e Courts-Martial Appeal C ourt.
(3) Remuneration, as m ay b e prescribed b y the Rules o f Courts-

Martial Appeal C ou rt, m ay be p » d to such person as is m entioned in
clauses (b) âd j[c) o f sub-sectioft (2).
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104
2 1 9 . A n appellant m ay, if he soo desire instead o f presenting his

R ig h t o f appellant to case orally. resent it in w riting.
present his case in
w ritin g .
2 2 0 . A n appellan t on his appeal to th e Courts-Martial Appeal Court

against a con viction b y a court-m artial involving
L e g a U id to app ellan ts. sentence o f death shall b e provided w ith free
le g a l aid in acco rd an ce w ith the p ractice in fo rce in crim inal courts
fo r such purposes.
2 2 1 . Aû appellant shall not b e entitled to be present in person a t

the hearing o f an appeal under the provisions o f
Proceedings to b e this Q ia p te r to th e Courts-M artial Appeal Court
abaCnCC 〇 f o r at proceedings p relim in aiy o r incidental
to such an appea} ex cep t w here the Rules o f
Courts-M artial A p p ea l Court p rovide th a t he shall have the right to be
î present in person o r the Q>uits-M artial A ppeal C ou rt give him leave to
jbe present^ and accordingly a n y p o w er o f the Courts-Martial Appeal
G>urt under this chap ter to pass a sentence m ay be exercised notwith
standing the absence o f the appellant.
222. (i) T h e U nion G overnm ent shall have the righ t to be represent
ed in a n y appeal before the Courts-Martial Appeal
隼咖^ Court.
(2) T h e appellant shall also have the right to
be represented b y an A dvocate o f the High C ourt.
2 2 3 .......(i) W h e re a conviction o f a coxirt-martial involute sentence

........• death—
•entences. {〇
) the sentence shall not in a n y case b e executed
untQ th e expiration o f th e period prescribed
under this Chapter as the p eriod w ith in w hich a petition
under su b je ctio n (2) o f section 2135 against the conviction
m ust *be lodged ; and
(b) If sucH a petition is d u ly lodged, the sentence shall not be

e x e cu te d until either the petition is finaDy refused or is
w ith d ra w n o r the appeal is determ ined or abandoned;
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105
Provided that, w here a sentence o f death passed on a p e rso n .o n

a ctiv e service b y a court-martial is confirmed, and th e au th o rity w h o
confirm s the sentence certifiés that it is essential in the interest o f
discipline and for the purpose o f securing the safety o f the fo rce w ith
w h ich th at person is present th at the sentence should b e carried o u t
fo rth w ith , the foregoing provisions o f this sub-section shall not ap p ly
to the sentente.
(2) A n y appeal to the Courts-M artial A p p eal Court against a co n

victio n b y a court-martial involving sentence o f death, shall be heard
and determ ined with as m uch expedition as p racticable.
2 2 4 » ( i) The operation o f a n y order m ade under section 155 (w h ich

relates to the restitution o f p roperty) on a con-
^ ^ p ^ ^ r t y ^ t c 3101611 a court-m artial shall (unless th e
’ _ authority m aking the order d irect to the con
tra ry in a n y case in w lu ch , in thé opinion o f th at authority, the title
to the p roperty is not in dispute) b e suspended—
(a) in any- case, until the exp iration o f the period prescribed
under this chapter as the period w ith in w h ic h a p etition
under sub-section (2) o f section 213 against th e con viction
must be lodged; and
(b) i f such a petition is d u ly lodged, until either the petition is

finally refused o r w ith d ra w n o r the* appeal is detennined
o r abandoned;
and w h e re the operation o f a n y such order as aforesaid is suspended

under this sub-section, it shall not ta ke effect if th e conviction is
set aside on appeal.
(2) T h e Courts-Martial Appeal C ou rt m ay b y order annul o r v a r y

a n y such order as aforesaid although the co n viction is not set aside
and the order, if annulled, shall not take effect and, if va iled , shall
take effect as varied.
{$) Provision m ay be made b y th e Rules o f Courts-M artial A p peal

G ourt fo r seairing the safe custody o f a n y p ro p erty to w h ich a n y such
order as aforesaid relates during th e period the operation o f the order
is suspended under this section.
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106
4 2 5 . W h e re a co n victio n o f a person b y court-m artial fo r an offence

has been set aside irnder the provisions o f this
Person not to be Chapter, he shall not be liable to b e tried again
a sid e . C〇 Dr fo r th at offence b y a court-m artial o r b y zn y
o th er Crim inal court.
i. In the case o f e v e r y appeal under the provisions o f this Chapter

to the Courts-Martial A p p eal C ourt against a
co n victio n b y a court-m artial, th e Registrar shall
F u rn ish in g on
peal, o f docum< be furnished, in accordance w ith the Rules o f
relating to trial. th e Coxirts-Martial A ppeal C ourt, th e proceedings
w ith respect to —
(a) th e revision o f the finding o r sentence o f the court-m artial
in pursuance o f sub-section (i) o f section 164, the proceed
ings w ith resp ect to the confinnation o f th e finding and
sentence o f th e court-martial and a n y p etition o f the person
con victed , b y the Judge-Advocate-General; o r
(b) th e re v ie w o f th e proceedings o f the court-m artial in pursuance

o f section 166 and a n y petition o f th e person convicted>
b y the Com m anding CM cer o f the Records Office, D efence
Services, o r a n y other prescribed officer.
2 2 7 . T h e Registrar shall take all necessary steps fo r obtaining the

determ ination o f an appeal under- th e provisions
D uties o f R egistrar o f this Chapter, and shall obtain and la y b ^ o re
respect t 〇 appea , ^ Courts-Marrial A ppeal C o u rt in proper form
all docum ents, exhibits and oth er things relating
to th e proceedings in th e court-martial before w h ic h th e appellant w as
tried w h ich appear n ecessary fo r the proper determ ination o f the
appeal.
2 2 8 . If, in the case o f th e conviction o f a person b y a court-martial—
ial ^ (a) i t appears to the Judge-A dvocate^ kncral that

to c 〇urts-M &rtiai th e finding o f the court-m artial involves a
A ppeal Court. p oint o f la w o f excep tion al im portance
w h ic h in h is opinion should be determ ined b y th e Courts-
M artial A p p ea l C ourt ; o r
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107
(b) it appears to the appropriate authority m entioned in sub*,

section (2) of section 168, upon consideration o f m atters
appearing to him not to have been brought to the notice
o f the court-martial at the trial, to be expedient that the
finding o f the court-martial should be considered o r re
considered by the Courts-M artial A ppeal Court ;
t h e Judge-Advocate-Genera] or such appropriate auth ority, as the case

m a y be, m ay, in the prescribed manner, refer the finding to thé Courts-
M artial Appeal Court, and a reference under this section shall, for
th e purposes o f the foregoing provisions under this chapter be treated
as an appeal b y the person convicted against his conviction.
2 3 9 . The pow ers of the Courts-Martial Appeal C o u rt under the

provisions o f this Chapter to a llo w an appellant
9 £ zercise o f cen a in t o b e present in person at a n y proceedings under
the Prbvisions 〇f
K i l l A p ^ L P co 'S i -Chapter, m ay be exercised
by a judge thereof. b y a Judge o f t h e ，
Couirt^Martial A ppeal Court
/in the same m an ner as th ç y m a y be exercised
b y the Courts-M artial Appeal Court and .subject to the same provisions ;
b u t the pow er to ；refuse such an application m ay be exercised o n ly
b y the Courts-M artial Appeal Court as d u ly constituted fo r the hearing
and determ ination o f appeal» xmder this Chapter.
230. Rules o f C o u rt-Martial A p p eal Court m ay provide for re

R u les o f Courts- gulating the y i x e i m »nd practice to be follow -
M a rtial A ppeal C ourt, ed in the Gourts-Martial A ppeal Court.
231. For the purposes of this chapter, any finding or sentence sub
stituted b y virtu e o f powers conferred in that
interpretation of behalf b y this A c t, for a finding of, o r a sentence
scntciice^ fin<^，ng and passed b y, a court-martial shall b ç deemed to
be a finding o f, o r sentence passed b y , that court-
m artial, and a n y conviction obtaining b y virtue o f a finding substituted
as aforesaid shall be deemed to be a conviction b y court-martial.
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108
CHAPTER XVIII.
Ru l e s .
232, (i) The President m ay m ake rules fo r the purpose o f carryin g

into effect the provisions o f this A ct.
Powers to make rules.
(2) W ith o u t prejudice to the gen erality o f th e
pow er conferred b y sub-section (i) the rules made thereunder m a y
provide for—
(а) the dismissal, rem oval, retirem ent or discharge from th e

service o f persons subject to this A c t ;
(б) the am ount and incidence of fines to be im posed under

section 9 1 ;
(c) the specification o f the punishm ents w hich m a y be aw arded

as field punishm ents under sections 77 and 82 ;
(d) the assem bly and procedure o f courts o f inquiry, the recording
o f sum m aries o f evidence and the adm inistration o f oath
or affirm ations b y such courts ;
N '
.' • ' '' t ♦
(e) the cdnvening and constituting o f courts-m artial and the
appointm ent o f prosecutors at trials b y co u rts-m artial;
(f) th e adjournm ent, dissolution and sitting o f co u rts-m artial;
(g) the procedure to be observed in trials b y courts-m artial and

the appearance o f legal practitioners thereat ;
(h) the confirm ation, revision and annulm ent 〇f> and petitions
against the findings and sentences o f courts-m artial; (i)
(i) the carryin g into effect o f sentences o f cou rts-m artial;
(/) the form s o f orders to be m ade under the provisions o f this

A ct relating to courts-m artial, transportation and impri$〇iv-
m ent ;
(k) the constitution o f authorities to decide for w h a t persons, to
w h a t am ounts and in V h a t m anner, provisions should b e
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109
. m ade fo r dependants under section 10 1, and the due carry

in g ou t o f such decisions;
(1) a n y other m atter directed b y this A ct {〇 be prescribed.
2 3 3 . The President m ay make rules providing—

(a) fo r the government, m anagem ent and régula-
• Power to make rules tion of m ilitary p riso n s ；
P1>ist>ns ㈨細此 appointment, rem oval and pow ers o f
inspectors, visitors, superintendents and
o 伍cers th ereo f;
(c) fo r the labour o f prisoners undergoing confinement therein,

and fo r enabling persons to earn, b y special industry and
good conduct, a remission o f a portion o f their sen ten ce;
(d) fo r th e saê custody o f prisoners and the maintenance o f dis

cip lin e am ong them and the punishm ent, b y personal correc
tion , restraint o r otherwise, o f offences com m itted b y
prisoners ;
(e) fo r the application to m ilitary prisons o f a n y o f the provisions

o f the Prisons A ct, relating to the duties o f officers o f
prisons and th e punishment o f persons n o t being prisoners ;
(f) fo r the admission into any prison, at proper times, and subject
to proper, restrictions, of persons w ith w hom prisoners m ay
desire to comm unicate, and fo r the consultation b y prisoners
under trial w ith their legal advisers w ith ou t the presence
as fa r as possible o f any third p arty w ithin hearing distance ,•
(g> in w h a t m anner an appellant, w hen in custody, is to be taken

to, kept in custody at, and broüght b a ck from any place
a t w h icji he is entitled to be present fo r the purposes o f
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no
Appeal Court or a judge thereof may order him to be

taken for the purpose of any proceedings of the said Court.
234. Rules made under section 233 shall not authorize corporal
punishment to be inflicted fc»* any offence, nor
Restriction o f rule
making power In re render the imprisonment more severe than it is
gard to corporal under the law for the time being in force relating
punishment.
to d v il prison*
235. The President may make regulations fo r all or any of the

Pow er to make régula- purposes of this Act other than those specified
ti〇ns* in section 232.
23& A ll rules anâ regulations made under this Act shall be publish^
Publication o f rules cd in the official Gazette and^ on such publics
and regulations In tion, shall have effect as if enacted in this Act.
Gazette.
237. The Acts mentioned in the Schedule to this Act are biereby
repealed*
Repeal.
9e
lu o g ifto c o fe
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TH E SCH ED U LE.
(See section 2 3 7 .)
Short title . No. Year
T h e B urm a A rm y A c t … ... …
T h e B urm a A rm y (A m end m ent) A c t, 1 943 ... X V II 1943
T h e B urm a A r m y (Secon d A m en d m en t) A c t, 1 9 4 3 XXV 1943
T h e B urm a A rm y (A m end m ent) A c t, 1 9 4 4 … IX 1944 -
T h e B urm a A r m y (A m en d m en t) A c t, 1 9 4 8 ... XV 1 948
T h e B urm a A rm y (A m en d m en t) A c t, 1 9 5 3 ... XLI 1953
T h e B urm a A rm y (A m en d m en t) A c t, 1 9 5 S ... X X IV 1955
T h e B u rm a A n n y Su sp en sion o f S en ten ces A ct, 1 9 2 0 XX 192〇
T h e B urm a N aval D iscip lin e A c t, 1 9 4 7 ... LXXXI 1947
T h e B u rm a N aval D iscip lin e (A m en d m en t) A ct, 1 9 4 9 XLV 1949
T h e B u rm a N aval D iscip lin e (A m en d m en t) A c t , 1 9 5 3 I 1953
T h e B urm a N aval D iscip lin e (A m en d m en t) A ct, 1 9 5 7 XX 1 957
T h e B urm a A ir F o rce (D iscip lin e) A c t, 1 9 + 7 ... XLV 1947
T h e B urm a A ir F o rce (D iscip lin e) (A m end m ent)

1950 ••• ••• «•• ... II 1950
T h e B urm a A ir F o rce (D iscip lin e) (A m end m ent)
1957 ••• • *• ••• XXI 1957
T h e B urm a A ir F o rce (D isçip lin e) (A m end m ent)
1958 •♦ • ••• ••• ••• X X X I V 1958
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Dsa Act

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THE DEFENCE SERVICES ACT, 1959.

THE DEFENCE SERVICES ACT, 1959.

1. T i t l e and commencement ... ... ... ... i

3* I^cfinitions ••• . ••• ••• ••• ••• 2

4. A pp lication of thig A ct to certain forces under the U n io n Government 6

5. Special provision as to rank in certain cases ... ... 6

7 ， Officers exercising powers in certain cases ... ... 7

8. Power to declare persons to be on active service . .. ... 8

C ommission and E nrolment.

9* ••• ••• ••• ••• ••» S

1 1 . E lig ib ilit y o f females for enrolment or em ploym ent ... ... 8

12 . Procedure before enrolling officer ... ... ... 8

15* Persons to be attested ••• ... ••• •” 9

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••__， ， ，••................，. . ，~ '；" s?9.

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19. Power to modify certain fundamental rights in their a沖 lication to

20. Retirement or discharge ... ... … …

a i . Certificate on termination of service ... ... …

a2. Discharge or dismissal when out o f the Union of Bunna ...

S ervice Privm oes .

23. Authorized deductions only to be m^de from pay and allowances

a 7 .Im m u n ity from arrest for debt ... … ...

a8. Immunity of persons attending courts-martial from arrest

30. Priority in respect of Defence Services personnel's litigation

3a. Ottences in relation to the enemy and punishable with death

3 3 * Offence o f being a tp y for the eneovy and punishable with ^fath

^ M utiny ... ... ... ... ... •••

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39. Striking or threatening superior oflSccrs ...

4 1. Insubordination and obstruction ... ... 23

43. False answers on enrolment ... ... 24

4 4 - Unbecoming conduct ... ... 24

45. Certain forms of disgraceful conduct ... 25

48. Permitting escape of person in custody ... 26

49. Irregularity in connection with arrests or confinement 26

50. Escape from custody 27

51. Offences in respect of property 27

52. Extortion and corruption a8

53. Disposal of equipment 28

54. Injury to proiserty ... 28

55. False accusations ... ... ... 29

56. False declaration and falsifying official documents 29

57. Signing in blank and failure to report ... 3〇

6z. Offences in relation to aircraft and flying ... 32

62. Other offences relating to aircraft and flying ... 33

68. Abetment of offences that have been committed 38

69. Abetment of offences punishable with death and not committed 39

70. Abetment of offences punishable with iznprisoncncnt and not com-

71. Civil offences ... ••• ••• ■■尊 •■• 39

••__，，，••................，. . ，~ '；" s?9.

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