ORTHOPEDIC NURSING

CAST & TRACTIONS

OBJECTIVES
To define Orthopedic Nursing
To identify the different types of cast
and traction
To determine the uses of types of cast
and traction
To distinguish each type of cast and
traction and specific purpose of it.
 ORTHOPEDIC
NURSING.
Orthopedic nursing is a specialty that
focuses on musculoskeletal diseases and
disorders. These orthopedic issues include
conditions like arthritis, bone fractures,
broken bones, joint replacements, genetic
malformations, arthritis, and osteoporosis.
 TRACTION
Traction is the application of a pulling force to a
part of the body. refers to the set of mechanisms
for straightening broken bones or relieving
pressure on the spine.
TYPE OF CAST AND
TRACTION
 ADJSKIN TRACTION: SKIN
TRACTION :ECTIVE
is maintained by direct application of a pulling force
on the client’s skin . It is generally used as a
temporary measure.
 SKELETAL
TRACTION
is attached directly to bone , providing a strong
steady, continuous pull, and can be used for
prolonged periods
 CERVICAL
TRACTION
During cervical traction, a metal brace is placed around your neck. The brace is
then attached to a body harness or weights, which are used to help correct the
affected area. Cervical traction is performed using a general anesthetic, so you’ll
be asleep throughout the entire procedure.
 MODERN
TECHNIQUE
 BUCK'S TRACTION
Buck's skin traction is widely used in the lower limb
for femoral fractures, lower backache, acetabular and
hip fractures. Skin traction rarely reduces a fracture,
but reduces pain and maintains length in fractures.
The skin is prepared and shaved -it must be dry.
Friar's balsam may be used to improve adhesion.
 DUNLOP'S
TRACTION
is placed along the axis of the forearm as well
as at right angles to the humerus by means of a
broad sling placed around the upper arm. Bed
blocks are required on the lateral side (fracture
side up) of the bed.
 NURSING MANAGEMENT
Alteration in Peripheral Tissue Perfusion:
Circulatory Care: tissue perfusion is enhanced by client exercises within
the limitations of the traction.

Circulatory Care: tissue perfusion is enhanced by client exercises within

the limitations of the traction.

Exercises, regular deep breathing and coughing, adequate fluids, and

elastic stocking work together to prevent deep venous thrombosis.

Teaching the client about anti-coagulant is essential.

 CAST
A protective shell of fiberglass, plastic, or
plaster, and bandage that is molded to
protect broken or fractured limb

For example: cases of cells that form in the

tubules of the kidneys are sometimes
detected in urine samples.
 CAST
A protective shell of fiberglass, plastic, or
plaster, and bandage that is molded to
protect broken or fractured limb

For example: cases of cells that form in the

tubules of the kidneys are sometimes
detected in urine samples.
PLASTER CAST
These are wrapped around the
injured body part over a stockinette
and cotton padding. As they dry,
the strips harden. The cast takes 24
to 48 hours to harden fully.
SYNTHETIC CAST
This is made from fiberglass or plastic
strips. These are wrapped around the
injury over a stockinette and cotton
padding. Synthetic casts can be
different colors. A synthetic cast is
lighter than plaster. It dries in a few
minutes, but may take a few hours to
harden fully. Synthetic stockinettes
and padding are also available. These
can get wet for bathing or swimming.
CAST BRACE
This is made of hard plastic.
Soft pads inside the brace
push against (compress) the
injury. The brace is held in
place with Velcro strips and
can be removed. A cast
brace may be used right
after the injury occurs. Or, it
may be used toward the end
of healing, after another cast
has been removed.
SPLINT (ALSO CALLED A HALF
CAST)
Splints, also known as half-casts,
provide less support than casts,
but are faster and easier to use.
They also can be tightened or
loosened easily if the swelling in
the arm or leg increases or
decreases. Ready-made or off-the-
shelf splints are available in many
different sizes and shapes
Care required while the plaster cast dries once applied heat is
given off for ~ 15 minutes & may be uncomfortable while the
plaster sets, the cast will remain soft & touching may lead to
indentations which may then create pressure spots until dry
handle the cast with palms of hands only - not fingers do not
rest cast on hard surfaces or sharp edges
FIXATION
Fixation in orthopedics is the
process by which an injury is
rendered immobile. This may be
accomplished by internal fixation,
using intramedullary rod, Kirsches
wire or dynamic compression plate;
or by external fixation, using a
spanning external fixator, Taylor
Spatial Frame or Ilizarov apparatus.
FRACTURES

Fixation in orthopedics is the process by

which an injury is rendered immobile.
This may be accomplished by internal
fixation, using intramedullary rod,
Kirsches wire or dynamic compression
plate; or by external fixation, using a
spanning external fixator, Taylor
Spatial Frame or Ilizarov apparatus.
INTERNAL FIXATION
Internal fixation
surgical procedure that
stabilizes and joins the
ends of fractured
(broken) bones by
mechanical devices
such as metal plates,
pins, rods, wires or
screws
EXTERNALFIXATION
An external fixation device
may be used to keep
fractured bones stabilized
and in alignment. The
device can be adjusted
externally to ensure the
bones remain in an optimal
position during the healing
process. This device is
commonly used in children
and when the skin over the
fracture has been
damaged.Feb
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 REFERENCES

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