Heritage

CONSERVATION 101
Prepared by:
Ar. JM de Olazo, uap
LECTURE 10
Mechanical Artists
Engineers Architects
Craftsmen
Structural
Engineers What is Sanitary
Engineers
People Architectural Heritage
Electrical
Engineers
Conservation? Material
Engineers
Chemists Historians Interior
Archeologists Designers
YOU! Government
 What are we
Conserving?

Built Environment Natural Resources

Visual Arts

Performing Arts

Crafts Beliefs

Literature
Traditions
 Why
Conserve?
“It embodies or reflects the architectural,
artistic, historical, economic, social,
political, and spiritual character of the
people who produced it.”
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4846
Cultural Properties Preservation and Protection Act

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 105 January 24, 1973

Declaring National Shrines As Sacred (Hallowed) Places And Prohibiting
Desecration Thereof

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 260

Declaring National Cultural Treasures, National Shrines, Monuments and/or
Landmarks

REPUBLIC ACT 10066 of 2009

Philippine Cultural Heritage Act
 HERITAGE CHARTERS
Athens Conference (1931)
International Code of Practice for Conservation
Venice Charter (1964)
International Charter for the Conservation of
Monuments and Sites
Resolution of the Symposium on the Introduction of
Contemporary Architecture into Ancient Groups of
Buildings (1972)
Stresses the need for appropriate use of mass, scale,
rhythm and appearance, and the avoidance of
imitation.
Resolution on the Conservation of Smaller Towns
(1975).
Declaration of Amsterdam (1975)
The importance of integrating conservation of the
architectural heritage into the urban and regional
planning process is identified as one of the most
important factors.
The Charter on Cultural Tourism (1976)
Considers the positive and negative effects of cultural
tourism on historic monuments and sites.
Burra Charter (1981)
The Australian ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of
Places of Cultural Significance
 Florence Charter on Historic Gardens (1982)
Provides a definition of the term historic garden and
the architectural compositions that constitute the
historic landscape.
The Appleton Charter (1983)
The Protection and Enhancement of the Built
Environment
The Washington Charter on the Conservation of
Historic Towns and Areas (1987)
Principles for the planning and protection of historic
urban areas.
Charter for the Protection and Management of the
Archaeological Heritage (1990)
Nara Document on Authenticity (1994)
It addresses the need for a broader understanding of
cultural diversity and cultural heritage as it relates to
the conservation.
Hoi An Protocol (2009)
Best Conservation Practice in Asia: Professional
Guidelines for Assuring and Preserving the Authenticity
of Heritage Sites in the Context of the Cultures of Asia
 Architectural Heritage Conservation Approaches
PROTECTION RESTORATION
shielding from elements that cause decay and bringing back to the original state - ”Anastylosis”
deterioration
RECONSTRUCTION
PRESERVATION total rebuilding of the original
keeping in the current state
REDEVELOPMENT
REHABILITATION adding interventions that complement the original
repairing damage, upgrading, and retrofitting
ADAPTIVE REUSE
CONSOLIDATION assuming a new function while retaining original
Physical addition or application of adhesive or character and form
supportive materials
Architectural Heritage Conservation Approaches
PROTECTION
shielding from elements that cause
decay and deterioration

Daraga Church, Albay

Architectural Heritage Conservation Approaches
PRESERVATION
keeping in the current state

The Ruins, Talisay, Negros Occidental

Architectural Heritage Conservation Approaches
REHABILITATION
repairing damage, upgrading, and retrofitting

The Jesuit House 1730, Cebu

Architectural Heritage Conservation Approaches
CONSOLIDATION
Physical addition or application of adhesive or supportive materials

Cultural Center of the Philippines, Manila

Architectural Heritage Conservation Approaches
RESTORATION
bringing back to the original state - ”Anastylosis”

Metropolitan Theatre, Manila

Architectural Heritage Conservation Approaches
RECONSTRUCTION
total rebuilding of the original

Ayuntamiento de Manila
Architectural Heritage Conservation Approaches
RECONSTRUCTION
total rebuilding of the original

Ayuntamiento de Manila
Architectural Heritage Conservation Approaches
RECONSTRUCTION
total rebuilding of the original

Ayuntamiento de Manila
Architectural Heritage Conservation Approaches
REDEVELOPMENT
adding interventions that complement the original

National Museum of Natural History, Manila

Architectural Heritage Conservation Approaches
ADAPTIVE REUSE
assuming a new function while retaining original character and form

PNR Tutuban Station, Manila

 RELOCATION?

Casa Byzantina, Binondo, Manila Casa Bulacan Casa Ladrillo

Casa Hagonoy Casa Binan Casa Quiapo

Las Casas Filipinas de Acuzar, Bataan
 REPLICATION?

Venice, Italy Venice Grand Canal Mall, Taguig City

Six Stages of Conservation 1. Valuation - Initial decision is made to
conserve the building/site/ resource
because it is something significant

2. Data collection - historical

background, documentation

3. Analysis - deterioration, causes,

structural integrity

4. Design - proposed interventions,

solutions

5. Physical conservation – intervention

enactment

6. Building maintenance - preventive

maintenance program
Question?
Should we conserve places
of shame and pain?
Auchwitz Birkenau, Poland
Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Dome, Japan
Robben Island, South Africa
Nanjing Massacre Memorial, China
The National September 11
Memorial & Museum
Corregidor
Island, Cavite
Capas National Shrine,
Tarlac
Bahay na Pula, San Ildefonso, Bulacan
Question?
Bahay Kubo
Baey/ Babayan
Tagbanua House
Torogan House
Question?
Nakpil-Bautista House, Manila
Molo Mansion, Iloilo
Enriquez Mansion, Quezon
Informal Settlers
Question?
Tamauini Church, Isabela
(San Mathias Parish Church)
St. Andrew the Apostle Church, Makati
Church of the Risen Lord, Quezon City
Iglesia ni Cristo
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Masjid, Cotabato
Question?
Rizal Memorial Stadium
Araneta Coliseum
Philippine Arena
MOA Arena
Question?
Ali Mall, Quezon City
SM Mega Mall, Mandaluyong
Virra Mall, San Juan
Greenbelt, Makati
Question?
Picache Building, Manila
Insular Life Building, Makati
Regina Building & Perez-Samanillo Building
 Wong & Ouyang
Casas Architects

Broadway Malyan
Pomeroy Studio

Skidmore, Owings &

Merrill, LLP; GF &
Partners Architects

Jerde Partnership
International; Roger
Villarosa Architects
& Associates

Kenzo Tange;
Jorge Y. Ramos

Handel Architects

Casas + Architects
Palmer & Turner, HK
(Consultant)

ASYA Deign Partners

GF & Partners
Architects, Recio +
Casas Architects,
Gozar Planners
Phils. Kohn Pedersen
Fox Associates (design
consultant)

R. VillarosaArchitects

Wong Tung
International Ltd., in
cooperation with
Recio + Casas
Architects
Question?
University of the Philippines
University of Santo Tomas
Far
Eastern
University
De La Salle University
National University
Bauan East Central School, Batangas
GABALDON SCHOOL
Question?
The Manila Hotel
The Luneta Hotel
Miramar Hotel
Sofitel Philippine Plaza
Question?
Puente Grande, Manila
Quezon Bridge
Malagonlong Bridge, Quezon
San Juanico Bridge
Question?
Carcar Puericulture & Dispensary, Cebu
Philippine General Hospital
1 2 1.Lung Center of the
Philippines

2.Philippine Heart Center

3.Philippine Children’s
Medical Center

4.National Kidney
Institute

3 4
Veterans Memorial Medical Center
Question?
Philippine International Convention Center
SMX Convention Center
World Trade Center Metro Manila
Iloilo Convention Center
Question?
 Can we define
Philippine Architecture?
 Philippine Architecture is an elusive thing, because while it makes full use of
modern technology, it is a residue of different overlays of foreign influences left in the
Philippines over the centuries: the early Malay culture and vestiges of earlier Hindu
influences, the more than 300-year Spanish domination, the almost 50-year American
rule, the Arab and Chinese influences through commerce and trade over the centuries.
What resulted may have been a hybrid, a totally new configuration, which
may include a remembrance of the past, but transformed or framed in
terms of its SIGNIFICANCE today.

- Leandro V. Locsin
What is Filipino Architecture?

“Filipino Architecture is the type of architecture

specific to the Philippines and Filipinos. Architecture
designed by Filipinos is considered Filipino architecture.
When a building is designed for Filipinos, that is also
Filipino architecture. When the architectural design helps us
to understand the conditions of the Philippines (such
as climate, geography, culture, economics, politics, and
history), that too is part of Filipino architecture. Filipino
architecture is architecture that responds to the needs,
conditions, hopes, and dreams of Filipinos.”
Question?
REFERENCES:
REFERENCES:

Casal, Gabriel S. T’boli Art in its Socio-Cultural Context. Makati, Metro Manila: Lambrecht, Francis M. “Ifugao Villages and Houses.” Publications of the Catholic
Ayala Museum, 1978. Anthropological Conference I. No. 3 (1929), 14-117.

Castañeda, Dominador. Art in the Philippines. Quezon City: University of the Legarda, Benito F. “Angels in Clay: The Typical Cagayan Church Style.” Filipinas
Philippines, 1964. Journal of Science and Culture, Vol. II. Makati: Filipinas Foundation, 1981.

Coseteng, Alicia M.L. Spanish Churches in the Philippines. Manila: Scott, William Henry. On the Cordillera: A Look at Peoples and Cultures of the
Mercury Press, 1972. Mountain Province. Manila: MCS Enterprises, 1966.

Dacanay Jr., Julian. Selected Writings I: Ethnic Houses and Philippine Artistic Vanoverbergh, Morice. “Isneg Buildings.” In Philippine Journal of Science,
Expression. Pasig, Metro Manila: One Man Show Studio, 1988. Vol. LXXXII, No. 1, Manila, (1953).

Klassen, Winand. Architecture in the Philippines: Filipino Building in a Zialcita, Fernando N. and Martin I. Tinio Jr. Philippine Ancestral Houses
Cross-Cultural Context. Cebu City: University of San Carlos, 1986. 1810-1930. Quezon City: GCF Books, 1980.

De Leon Jr., Felipe M. “The Architecture of the Philippines: A Survey.” In

Philippine Art and Literature, The Filipino Nation. Vol. III, Manila:
 “I am uniquely Filipino.
Strengthened with rich history,
diverse culture, and colorful
traditions.”
- Arch.J.M. de Olazo

Thank You…